RELATION AND FUNCTION

OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS

1. (f +g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

2. (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)
3. (f • g)(x)=f(x) • g(x)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
4. (𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)

Example 1:
f(x) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 g(x) = 4𝑥 − 2

1. (f +g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

= 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐

2. (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)

= 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − (4𝑥 − 2)
= 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐

3. (f • g)(x)= f(x) • g(x)

= (𝑥 2 − 𝑥) (4𝑥 − 2)
= 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
= 4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
= 𝟐 (𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙)

𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
4. (𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥2 −𝑥
=
4𝑥−2

𝑥 (𝑥 −1)
=
2 (𝑥−1)
𝒙
=
𝟐

Example 2:
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
: 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2
 1. ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 + 3𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2
= 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟖

2. ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 − (3𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 )
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 − 3𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2
= − 3𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
=(−1) (− 3𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8)
= 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖
3. ℎ(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥)
3 2
= (𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 8) (3𝑥 + 12𝑥 )
= 3𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 4 − 24𝑥 3
+ 12𝑥 4 + 24𝑥 3 − 96𝑥 2
= 𝟑𝒙𝟓 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟒 − 𝟗𝟔𝒙𝟐
ℎ(𝑥)
4. 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥2 +2𝑥−8
=
3𝑥3 + 12𝑥2
(𝑥+4)(𝑥−2)
=
(𝑥+4)(3𝑥 2 )
𝒙−𝟐
=
𝟑𝒙𝟐

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

1.) (f○g)(x) = f(g(x))

(read as f of g of x)

2.) (g○f)(x)= g(f(x))

(read as g of f of x)

Example 1:
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 1
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

1. 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(2𝑥)
= 4(2𝑥) + 1
= 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏

2. 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(4𝑥 + 1)
= 2(4𝑥 + 1)
 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟐

3. ℎ(𝑔(𝑥)) = ℎ(2𝑥)
= (2𝑥)2
= 𝟒𝒙𝟒
4. 𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 2 )
= 4(𝑥 2 ) + 1
= 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏

5. 𝑔(ℎ(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥 2 )
= 2(𝑥 2 )
= 𝟐𝒙𝟐
6. 𝑓 (𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 2 ))
= 𝑓(2𝑥 2 )
= 4(2𝑥 2 ) + 1
= 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏

Example 2:
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 7 + 𝑥
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑐(𝑥) = 3𝑥
1. ℎ(𝑝(𝑥)) = ℎ(𝑥 2 − 3)
= 7 + 𝑥2 − 3
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒
2. 𝑝(𝑐(𝑥)) = 𝑝(3𝑥)
= (3𝑥)2 − 3
= 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑
3. 𝑐(ℎ(𝑥)) = 𝑐(7 + 𝑥)
= 3(7 + 𝑥)
= 𝟐𝟏 + 𝒙 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 + 𝟐𝟏
4.ℎ (𝑐(𝑝(1))) = ℎ(𝑐((1)2 − 3))
= ℎ(𝑐(−2))
= ℎ(3(−2))
= ℎ(−6)
= 7 + (−6)
=𝟏