Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Peenya

Campus, Bangalore – 560 058

Department of Mathematics
Subject: Mathematics – 4 Course/Branch: B. Tech. (All Branches)
Subject Code:BSC208A Semester - 4

Tutorial – 1

Form a partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants from the given equations.

1. 𝑧 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2
2. 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧
3. 𝑧 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧
4. Find the PDE of the family of all spheres whose centres lie on the plane 𝑧 = 0 and have
a constant radius 𝑟
Hint : (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 (Form PDE by eliminating 𝑎 and 𝑏 )

𝑥2 𝑦2
5. 2𝑧 = +
𝑎2 𝑏2

6. 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑏𝑧 2 = 1
7. log(𝑎𝑧 − 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏
8. 𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑦 + 𝑏)
9. 𝑧 = 𝑎 log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑏
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
10. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1

Solve the following partial differential equations by Lagrange, s method

Type 1

1. 𝑥𝑝 + 𝑦𝑞 = 𝑧
2. 𝑝+𝑞 = 1
3. 𝑥2𝑝 + 𝑦2𝑞 = 𝑧2
4. 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
5. 𝑦𝑧 𝑝 + 𝑧𝑥 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦
6. 𝑧𝑝 = 𝑥
7. 𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑞 cot 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑧
8. (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑝 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑧
9. 𝑦 2 𝑝 − 𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 𝑥(𝑧 − 2𝑦)
10. 𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑞 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑧
11. 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑝 = 𝑥 2 (𝑧𝑞 + 𝑦)
Key answers
𝑥 𝑦
1: 𝑧
= 𝑐1 𝑧 = 𝑐2

2: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 𝑐2
1 1 1 1
3:𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝑐2

4: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑧 + cos(𝑥) = 𝑐2

5: 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 = 𝑐1 𝑦 2 − 4𝑧 = 𝑐2

6: 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑦
7: = 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑧

8: 𝑦𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 = 𝑐2

9: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐1 𝑧𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
10 = 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧

Type-2

1. 𝑝 − 2𝑞 = 3𝑥 2 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥)
𝑧
2. 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 𝑥+𝑦
3. −𝑥𝑦 2 𝑝 + 𝑦 3 𝑞 − 𝑎𝑥𝑧 = 0
4. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. 𝑧(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 𝑧 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2
6. 𝑧𝑝 − 𝑧𝑞 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
7. 𝑥𝑦𝑝 + 𝑦 2 𝑞 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 0

Key answer: 1: 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 𝑐1 𝑥 3 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥) − 𝑧 = 𝑐2

2:𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐1 x − (x + y) log(z) = c2
𝑎𝑥
3: 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐1 log(𝑧) + 3𝑦2 = 𝑐2

1 𝑦
4: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑧 = 𝑐2

5: 𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝑧 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 ) = 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐2

6:𝑥 3 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥) − 𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 𝑐_2

7: 𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐2
Type-3

1. 𝑥 2 (𝑦 3 − 𝑧 3 )𝑝 + 𝑦 2 (𝑧 3 − 𝑥 3 )𝑞 = 𝑧 2 (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )
2. 𝑥(𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑝 + 𝑦(𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)
3. 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑝 − 𝑦(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑧(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )
4. (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝 + 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑞 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
6. 𝑥(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 𝑦(𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
7. (𝑧 − 𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑦 − 𝑥
8. (𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 )𝑝 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑞 = (𝑦 − 𝑧)
9. (𝑥 + 2𝑧)𝑝 + (4𝑧𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑞 = (2𝑥 2 + 𝑦)
10. (𝑚𝑧 − 𝑛𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑙𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥
11. (𝑦 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑝 + (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
12. 𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑝 + 𝑦 2 (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧 2 (𝑥 − 𝑦)

Hint:
1 Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (1/𝑥 2 , 1/𝑦 2 , 1/𝑧 2 )
2:Multipliers are (1,1,1) (1/𝑥, 1/𝑦, 1/𝑧)
1 1 1
3:Multipliers are ( , , − )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
4:Multipliers are (1,1, −2𝑧) (2𝑥, −1, −1)
5:Multipliers are (𝑥, −𝑦, −𝑧) (𝑦, 𝑥, −𝑧)
1 1 1
6:Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧)
7:Multipliers are (1,1,1) (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
8:Multipliers are (1, 𝑦, 𝑧)
9: Multipliers are (𝑦, 𝑥, −2𝑧) (2𝑥, −1, −1)
10: Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛)
11: Multipliers are (𝑥, −𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑦, 𝑥, −1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
12: Multipliers are ( , , ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( , , )
𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Type -4

1. 𝑝𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑞𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦)(2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧) = 0

2. 𝑥(𝑧 + 2𝑎)𝑝 + (𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑎𝑦)𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑧 + 𝑎)
3. 2𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 𝑦(2𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑞 = 𝑧 3
4. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑝 + (𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑞 = 2𝑧(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

Key answer:
1:𝜙[𝑥𝑦, (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)] = 0
2: 𝜙[(𝑥 + 𝑦)/𝑧 2 , 𝑥(𝑧 + 𝑎)/𝑧 2 ] = 0
𝑥 𝑧 2
3:𝜙 (𝑦𝑧 , 𝑦 − 𝑧) = 0
𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2
4:𝜙 ( 𝑧 , 𝑧
)= 0
−2 𝑥𝑦
5:𝜙 [(𝑥 − 𝑦) − (𝑥 + 𝑦)−2 , ] =0
𝑧2