Plastics

In the Philippines, plastic is a

thus the nation is highly dependent on the
marine ecosystems and the services they offer.
Additionally, given that the Philippines contributes
significantly to plastics in the ocean environment,
development of methods or tactics to deal with
the issue include a significant contribution to the
world community. the absence of
Data prevents understanding of the issue and leads to
failing to grasp its importance As a result, the
attitudes and initiatives made to remedy the problem.
Simply said, If one does not comprehend the scope
of a problem, solving it can be difficult.

According to Eriksen et al. (2014). To current estimates,

there are 5.25 trillion pieces of marine plastic in the
world's oceans Additionally, according to Jambeck et al. (2015),
4.8 to 12.7 million metric tons of marine plastic enter the
world's oceans each year. The accumulation of plastic in the
marine environment over time may also indicate an increase
in interactions with various marine organisms. As marine
plastics spread throughout the ocean, their distribution will
converge with that of marine species' habitats used for foraging.
According to earlier research, the Philippines is one of the
countries that contributes the most plastic to the ocean.
According to estimates, the nation contributes 0.28 to 0.75
million metric tons of marine plastic annually (Jambeck et al. 2015).
One estimate places the Pasig River alone. Yearly contribution
to the marine environment of 3.21 x 104 tons of plastic Lebreton (2017).
Because of the Philippines' rich maritime biodiversity, there will
inevitably be a collision between marine organisms and marine plastics.
Surprisingly little scholarly research has been done on marine plastic
in this nation. Out of 1,756 scientific articles published on marine
plastic globally, LITTERBASE, a database that compiles an inventory
of such publications, reveals that just three were from the Philippines
(see Abreo et al. 2016a, 2016b; Aloy et al. 2011). (Tekman et al. 2017).
Despite the fact that there are other publications (such as Obusan et al.
2016 and Orale and Fabillar 2011) that claim there is marine plastic in
the environment, these research did not pay attention to the issue.

Reference:

Abreo NAS, Macusi ED, Blatchley DD, Cuenca-Ocay G. First evidence of plastic ingestion by the rare
deraniyagala’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon hotaula). IAMURE Int J Ecol Conserv 2016a; 19:16–36.
Abreo NAS, Macusi ED, Blatchley DD, Cuenca GC. Ingestion of marine plastic debris by green turtle
(Chelonia mydas) in Davao Gulf , Mindanao, Philippines. Philipp J Sci 2016b; 145:17–23.

Aloy AB, Vallejo BM, Juinio-meñez MA. Increased plastic litter cover affects the foraging activity of the
sandy intertidal gastropod Nassarius pullus. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:1772– 79.

Avio CG, Gorbi S, Milan M, Benedetti M, Fattorini D, D’Errico G, Pauletto M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F.
Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels. Environ Pollut
2015; 198:211–22.

Avio CG, Gorbi S, Regoli F. Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to
emerged threat. Mar Environ Res 2017; 128:2–11.