AMPLITUDO MODULATION

Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MSc., PhD

Center for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER)
Electrical Engineering Department - University of Indonesia
E-mail: asvial@ee.ui.ac.id
http://www.ee.ui.ac.id/~cicer

Slide 1
 Transmitter
Discrete Source Channel
Modulator
Source encoder encoder

Channel

Receiver
Discrete Source Channel
Demodulator
sink decoder decoder

Model of a
Slide 2
communication system
 What is Modulation ?

Modulation is a process to adapt a given signal to a given

channel. Most often it means „shifting in frequency“.

Why it is used?
• For many baseband signals, the wavelengths are too large
for reasonable antenna dimension. (e.g. speech signals).
• Besides, transmission of signals at lower frequencies is in
general more difficult.
• No waste of available bandwidth (e.g. in wireless comm.)

Slide 3 Definition of Modulation

The carrier signal might be:

• The information is hidden in the carrier amplitude

 AM (Linear Modulation).

• The information is hidden in the carrier frequency

 FM (Non-linear Modulation).
• The information is hidden in the carrier phase
 PM (Non-linear Modulation).

Slide 4 Ideal modulator

• Test signal
• AM signal
• Amplitude modulated sinusoidal signal with

oscillation with oscillation with

Slide 5 Amplitude Modulation (AM)

• Test signal:
• AM signal:
• Amplitude modulated sinusoidal signal with
envelope

envelope
Phase reversal

Slide 6 Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Slide 7 Fourier Transform of AM
Power of an AM modulated sinusoidal signal

Slide 8
Power of AM with sinusoidal
input
For amplitude of information signal is equal 1, the general
transmitted AM-signal is given by

For envelope demodulation we require

Slide 9
Bandlimited Signal
The Fourier-transform of is obtained as

Slide 10 Double-Side-Band AMwC

 envelopes

Slide 11 Representative spectrum

Power of AM is given by

with a carrier power of

and a „mean“ power of

and a power needed for transmission of

Slide 12 Power of AM signal

Band spreading factor

bandwidth of the modulated signal

sum of bandwidth of all source signals

Slide 13 Band spreading factor

Demodulation can be achieved in two principal different ways:

1- Using a time-variant system

An example is the multiplication of with a sinusoidal

function .

2- Using a non-linear system

An example for a non-linear system is given by or
.

Slide 14 Demodulation of DSBAMwC

where the index DAM indicates the Demodulation of AM-signals,

with FOURIER-transform

Slide 15 Demodulation with time-

variant system
Demodulated output signal is throught to Filter, example Low
Pass Filter, so that:

Slide 16
We consider an ideal modulator with modulating function
where instead of so that

FOURIER-transforming of leads to

Slide 17
Unknown Phase
Is it possible to exactly reconstruct without knowing the
carrier phase? Yes, by tricky applying .

Slide 18
Unknown Phase
Slide 19 QADM
Slide 20
QAM
• Cross talk phenomenon
• QAM for data transmisiion than speech transmission
If the receiver exhibits a frequency shift of , i.e.

it follows

has to fullfill

Slide 21 Frequency Shift

DRC-demodulator in case of rectangular excitation
Slide 22 DRC-demodulator
The choice of is essential for the performance.

The DRC-demodulator in case of

Slide 23 DRC-demodulation
Slide 24
DRC-enhancement „AVD“
Hence

Slide 25 DRC-enhancement AVD

Slide 26
DRC-enhancement AVD
 We will assume that this equals to

Hence,

Slide 27
DRC-enhancement SLD
It follows

Slide 28
DRC-enhancement SLD
 By use of it follows

where

Slide 29 Alternative generation

of SSBAM
Alternative circuit for generating an SSBAM-signal

Slide 30 Generation of SSBAM

In case of a sinusoidal carrier we obtain

Slide 31 Power of SSB

Can be synchronously demodulated ?

It follows for the envelope

Hence, if then

Slide 32 Demodulation of SSBAM

In addition, by use of

we finally obtain

Synchronous demod. (unknown carrier frequency and phase):

Slide 33 Demodulation of SSBAM

Consider the DSBAMsC-signal

and the transmit filter response

The transmitted VSB-signal yields

with Fourier transform

Again we will consider an error in the carrier frequency and

unknown phase ; it follows

Slide 34
VSBAM modem
Slide 35
VSBAM demodulation
 TX Power RX Purpose
Method TX costs
costs
DSBAMwC low low
2 high
env.dem.
DSBAMwC 2 high Data-,
moderate low
sync.dem. stereo-sig.
1 Low/moderate high high speech,
QAM
audio-sig.
DSBAMsC 2 low moderate high
SSBAMsC 1 very low moderate/high high
SSBAMwC 1 high moderate low
VSBAMsC >1 very low moderate/high high
VSBAMwC >1 high moderate low TV-signals

Slide 36 An overview of AM