Dylan Clarissa Carmen and Adrian Vocabulary Atoms Elements Molecules

VOCABULARY
Atoms, Elements & Molecules

Period 4 Group 4 Members: Dylan, Clarissa, Carmen and
Adrian.
Frayer Model Template
Definition Facts and/or Characteristics
A covalent bond is a chemical ● Covalent bond can be solid,

bond that involves the sharing liquid, or gas.
of electron pairs between ● Covalent bonds do not
atoms. conduct electricity.
Concept:
Covalent Bond
Examples Dylan Non-examples
Diatomic molecules are ● Diatomic molecules
molecules composed of are special atoms
only two atoms, of the that form it but do
same or different not like to be alone.
chemical elements.
Concept:
Diatomic Molecules
Lewis structure ● Lewis structure can

represents the chemical also be known as
bonds and valence shell lewis dot diagram or
electrons in a molecule. as electron dot
diagram.
Concept:
Lewis Diagram
Molecules are a group of atoms ● Molecules can have
bonded together, representing different shapes.
the smallest fundamental unit ● DNA is a super long
of a chemical compound that molecule that has
can take part in a chemical information uniquely
reaction. Concept: describing every
Molecule human being.
Any of a group of rare
● Their melting and
gases that include helium,
neon, argon, krypton, boiling points are
xenon, and usually radon close together giving
and that exhibit great them a very narrow
stability and extremely liquid range.
Concept:
low reaction rates. Noble Gases
Nonmetal is a type of ● Nonmetal are gases.
chemical element ● Nonmetal are poor
generally characterized by conductors.
low density, low strength, ● Nonmetal does not
and a tendency to form conduct thermal
acidic compounds. Concept: energy.
Nonmetal
The octet rule states that ● Noble gases are
atoms gain or lose electrons unlike any other
to attain an outer shell group of elements on
electron configuration the periodic table
nearest that of a noble gas. because of the
Concept: extreme stability.
Octet Rule
An electron shell may be thought of ● Each shell can contain a characteristic

as an orbit followed by electrons maximum number of electrons.
around an atom nucleus. ● The outermost shell contains the electrons
that are involved in bond formation.
Concept:
Shell
Examples carmen Non-examples
The combining power of an element, ● Property of an element that determines

especially as measured by the number the number of other atom.
of hydrogen atoms it can displace or ● Value of the power of combination.
combine with it.
Concept:
Valence
A single electron or one of two or more ● Valence electrons are the electrons in the
electrons in the outer shell of an atom highest occupied energy level of an atom.
that is responsible for the chemical ● Valence electrons are the only electrons used in
properties of the atom. chemical bonds.
Concept:
Valence Electron
Examples Carmen Non-examples
A column of elements in the periodic ● The five chemical families are Alkali metals,
table of the chemical elements and may Alkaline earth metals, Transition metals,
also be identified using their topmost Halogens, Noble gases.
element, or have a specific name.
Concept:
Chemical Family
● Halogens have the highest electron affinities.

A group of elements with the similar
● Electron affinity increases moving to the right on
chemical properties these elements have
the periodic table.
8 electrons in the valence shell .
Concept:
Electron affinity
Examples Carmen Non-examples
● An ion is an electrically charged atom or group
An atom or molecule with a net electric of atoms.
charge due to the loss or gain of one or
● A liquid with ions is called an electrolyte. A gas
more electrons.
with lots of ions is called a plasma.
Concept:
Ion
Definition: Facts and/or Characteristics
A type of linkage formed from the ● Three dimensional structure called an ionic
electrostatic attraction between lattice.
oppositely charged ions in a chemical ● Soluble in water.
compound. Such a bond forms when the ● They are compounds formed from metals
valence electrons of one atom are and non metals.
transferred permanently to another atom.
Concept:
Ionic Bond
Clarissa Frayer Model Template
Definition: An element that is Facts and/or Characteristics
conductors of heat, electricity ● Their high melting points.
● Conductors of electricity.
● good conductors of heat and it´s
electricity
Concept:
Metal
Examples:Material that contain are Non-examples
iron, copper, silver, gold, and nickel.
Some non examples are, carbon,
nitrogen,, selenium
Definition: tendency of dissimilar Facts and/or Characteristics
particles or surfaces to cling to one ● the process in which dissimilar particles
another. The forces that make stick together.
adhesion and cohesion can be divided ● results from the physical properties of
into several types. the interface between two phases.
Concept:
Adhesion
Examples Non-examples
They don't stick together and go separate

ways.
Definition: a process of a liquid Facts and/or Characteristics
flowing in a narrow space without the ● It pulls water from a small
assistance of, or even in opposition to, distance
any external forces like gravity. ● It moves upwards in a straw to a
glass cup
Concept:
Capillary Action
A non-example It moves upward in a

straw
Tearing of tear duct
Soap bubbles
Definition: A tube with a calibrated Facts and/or Characteristics
inside diameter and length used to ● It also connects to remote bulb to
control the flow of refrigerant the thermostatic expansion valve,
and
● or the remote bulb to the
thermostat.
Concept:
Capillary Tube
Definition: is the action or property of Facts and/or Characteristics
like molecules sticking together, being the intermolecular attractive force acting
between two adjacent portions of a substance, of
mutually attractive. a solid or liquid.
It holds the matter together
Concept:
Cohesion
It does not attract two different types
of molecules.
Definition: the distribution of electrical Facts and/or Characteristics
charge over the atoms joined by the
bond.
Concept:
Polarity
Definition Facts and/or Characteristics:
a weak connection of two molecules It has a weak attractive force of two
resulting from an electrostatic attraction molecules
between a proton in one molecule and an Attracts chemical properties of the
electronegative atom in the other. molecules
Concept:
Hydrogen Bond
Examples Clarissa Non-examples
HCI does not form hydrogen bonds because
A bond of water chlorine is not electronegative enough, and it
is between the has larger size, so hydrogen bonds CANNOT
hydrogen of one be formed
water molecule
An Intermolecular force is the force There are dispersion, dipole-dipole,
that medicates interaction between hydrogen bonding, and Ion-dipole.
molecules, including the
electromagnetic forces of attraction or
repulsion which act between atom
other atoms. Concept:
Intermolecular forces
Examples Adrian Non-examples
the SI unit of force. It is equal to the force Newton’s First law of Motion
that would give a mass of one kilogram
an acceleration of one meter per second
per second, and is equivalent to 100,000
dynes.
Concept:
Newton
A nonpolar molecule is one whose charge A nonpolar molecule has no separation
distribution is spherically symmetric when of charge, so no positive or negative
averaged over time; since the charges poles are formed.
oscillate, a temporary dipole moment
exists at any given instant in a so-called
nonpolar molecule
Concept:
Nonpolar
The covalent bond between two atoms The atom that is more electronegative—the
with different electronegative results in one that holds electrons more tightly—pulls
the electrons closer to itself, creating a partial
unequal sharing of electrons.
negative charge there. The less
electronegative atom becomes partially
positive as a result because it has lost partial
Concept: possession of the electrons.
Partial negative
Examples charge Non-examples
Adrian
A partial charge is a non-integer charge value Covalent bond between two atoms with
when measured in elementary charge units. unequal electronegativities results in
Partial charge is more commonly called net
unequal sharing of electrons.
atomic charge. ... This leaves the region about
that atom's nucleus with a partial positive charge,
and it creates a partial negative charge on the
atom to which it is bonded.
Concept:
Partial positive
Examples charge Non-examples
Adrian
the tension of the surface film of a liquid The surface can hold up a weight, and the
caused by the attraction of the particles in surface of a water droplet holds the droplet
the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, together, in a ball shape.
which tends to minimize surface area.
Concept:
Surface Tension
This eliminates errors due to depth of immersion,
A tensiometer is a device for measuring, specific gravity, and density, so that the resulting
differential maximum bubble pressure is directly,
when the soil is not too dry, the soil matric
and accurately, proportional to surface tension to
potential.
within +/-0.1 Dynes/Cm.
Concept:
Tensiometer

Dylan Clarissa Carmen and Adrian Vocabulary Atoms Elements Molecules

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VOCABULARY

Atoms, Elements & Molecules

A covalent bond is a chemical ● Covalent bond can be solid,

Lewis structure ● Lewis structure can

An electron shell may be thought of ● Each shell can contain a characteristic

The combining power of an element, ● Property of an element that determines

● Halogens have the highest electron affinities.

They don't stick together and go separate

A non-example It moves upward in a

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