‎ hields, Christopher, Aristotle, ch.

2:
S
‎Explaining nature and the nature of
‎explanation

I‎ f the critic denies that there seems to be

‎ ny suggestion to the effect that
A ‎change, there is nothing further to say
‎there are NO EFFICIENT CAUSES I‎ t seems UNDENIABLE that we SEEM TO I‎ f she agrees that there seems to be change,
‎is tantamount to the effect that ‎EXPERIENCE CHANGE ‎but supposes that any belief to this effect is
‎there is NO MOTION ‎SYSTEMATICALLY MISTAKEN, then she
‎THERE IS CHANGE
‎exhorts us to do what she denies we can do,
‎namely CHANGE OUT THINKING (self-
‎enfeebling claim)

‎Alternative: CHANGES OCCUR UNINITIATED

‎ ristotle takes for granted that when things

A
I‎ F THERE IS CHANGE, then there ‎ e devotes more effort to specifying how
H
‎are made to move, something is responsible
‎seem to be CAUSES OF CHANGE ‎efficient causes should be understood
‎for their being set in motion

‎ here ARE EFFICIENT CAUSES as mind- and

T
‎language-independent features of the world

I‎ s the ACTUALIZATION of some correlative

‎THE EFFICIENT ‎POTENTIALITY, where the actualization is a
‎sort of bringing about
‎ fficient causes are DYNAMIC rather than
E
‎CAUSE ‎static ‎ he process of efficiently causing is the
T
‎TEMPORALLY EXTENDED PROCESS whose
‎application eventuates in something's being
‎made to change

‎ CTUAL PARTICULAR CAUSES are not prior

A ‎ t variance with widespread conceptions of
A
‎THREE FEATURES ‎in time to their effects, but are CO- ‎causation deriving from HUME: 'The cause
‎TEMPORANEOUS with them ‎must be PRIOR to the effect'

‎ ince they are DISCRETE, one can always

S
‎imagine a cause WITHOUT ITS NORMAL
‎CONCOMITANT EFFECT
‎ UME: ANY THING MAY PRODUCE ANY
H
‎THING ‎ ne can equally IMAGINE just any event
O
‎immediately preceding another, being
‎ fficient causes and their effects are
E ‎CONTIGUOUS with it, and thus satisfying the
‎CORRELATED BY SUITABLE CATEGORIAL ‎rubric of Hume's definition of causation
‎RELATIONS
‎ properly specified efficient cause
A
‎EXPLAINS HOW A CHANGE WAS EFFECTED
‎in such a way as to make perspicuous the
‎connection between the activity in the agent
‎and the alteration in the patient