Formação e evolução da

Via-Láctea
Elvis Cantelli
Initial known “blah”
• Galactical anatomy
• Bulge, thin disk, thick disk, halo
• Stellar halo – faint; globular clusters – well studied
• Good data and knowledge – solar neighbourhood
• Kinematic properties provide one way to separate
the components
• Baade: population I (young), population II (old)
• Population I: metal-rich; population II: metal-poor
Chemical enrichment
• Metallicity grows with age
• Element production is dependent on stellar mass
• Low and intermediate-mass, PN nebulae: mostly He, C
and N
• High mass, core-collapse supernovae: alpha-elements
• Low-mass, binary systems, type Ia supernovae: iron-
peak elements
Nucleosynthesis periodic table
Chemical enrichment
• Metallicity grows with age
• Element production is dependent on stellar mass
• Low and intermediate-mass, PN nebulae: mostly He, C
and N
• High mass, core-collapse supernovae: alpha-elements
• Low-mass, binary systems, type Ia supernovae: iron-
peak elements
• Initial mass function: distribution of stellar masses
• Low-mass stars are much more frequent
• Models account for yields and IMF
IMF
Cosmic clocks
• Time scales play a major role:
• Alpha enrichment: short timescales (Myrs)
• Iron-peak enrichment: longer timescales (min 1 Gyr)
Milky way formation models
• Eggen, Lynden-Bell, Sandage: monolithic collapse
Milky way formation models
• Eggen, Lynden-Bell, Sandage: monolithic collapse
• Collapse towards center
• Metal-poor halo, keeps kinematic of the collapsing cloud
• Dissipative collapse, conservation of angular
momentum: formation of the disk, enriched by pop II
• ~300 Myr timescale
• Problems:
• Globular clusters metallicity discrepance
• G-dwarf problem
• Halo-disk mass ratio (1:5), whereas observed is ~1:20
Milky way formation models
• Searle and Zinn: aggregation model
• Aggregation of cloud fragments, dwarf galaxies
• Halo and disk formed independently
A gap on SFR?
• Gratton found a discontinuity in [Fe/α] vs [α/H]
• Star formation stopped after the halo and thick disk
formed, but before formation of thin disk
• Beers: most metal poor stars on thick disk came
from large accretion event
A new model: Two-infall
• Initial collapse formed the halo (part of thick disk)
• Efficient SFR: halo runs out of gas
• Gas accumulate on center: formation of bulge
• Big matter infall (merger?) generates disk and
scatters “old” disk ito thick disk
A new model: Two-infall
A new model: Two-infall
• Initial collapse formed the halo (part of thick disk)
• Efficient SFR: halo runs out of gas
• Gas accumulate on center: formation of bulge
• Big matter infall (merger?) generates disk and
scatters “old” disk ito thick disk
• Disk formed in ~7 Gyr from extragalactic gas
• Older models assume that the thin disk formed in
~3 Gyr from halo gas (halo formed in ~1 Gyr)
More data
• Abundances of disk indicates a radial metallicity
gradient
• Outer disk may be still forming from high-velocity
clouds
• HVC: ejecta from disk? (I don’t think so)
More data
More data
• Abundances of disk indicates a radial metallicity
gradient
• Outer disk may be still forming from high-velocity
clouds
• HVC: ejecta from disk? (I don’t think so)
• Observation of Deuterium can shed light on gas
consumption: galactic center: lowes ever
measured, 9x less than solar neighbourhood
Thank you

Elvis has left the building