Nama: Varissa Angella

Nim:22018170
Paragraph Pattern Exercises
Exercise 1

Section 1: Read each passage and determine the overall pattern of organization the author is using.

1. Chimps are intelligent enough to make and use dinner utensils. Jane Goodall was the first scientist
to study this behavior. One day, as she was observing, several chimps plucked long blades of grass
and stripped off the leaves. Each licked one end to make it sticky, and poked the stem into a termite
nest. Each chimp then pulled the stem out covered with termites and licked them off, much as a
child would a lollipop.
Answer: Listing Pattern
2. There were two kinds of fireworks at the show last night. The first was the skyrocketing type,
exploding high up in the air and producing the most dramatic effects, as well as “oohs” and “ahs” in
the audience. The second type, Roman Candles, shot up separate showers of sparks and colored
flames.
Answer: Classification pattern
3. There is a growing controversy over the use of drugs in sports. Denny McLain, pitcher for the
Detroit Tigers, claims that he needs pep pills or something to keep him going, especially when he is
expected to be good 162 ball games a year. However, Dr. William H. Fowler, Jr. of the UCLA
medical school claims that studies show there is no increase in strength, motor performance, or vital
capacities.
Answer: Comparison pattern
4. As you might already know, there is no direct intermixing of blood between a mother and her
unborn child. However, some substances—especially drugs—can still have a powerful effect on the
fetus. If, for example, the mother is addicted to morphine, heroin, or methadone, the baby may be
born with the same addiction. For that matter, even high doses of aspirin appear to have some effect
on the fetus. In at least one study, high doses of aspirin have been linked to lowered IQs in infants.
Answer: Cause effect pattern
5. At one time or another, most of us have suffered from nightmares. Nightmares are bad dreams that
take place during the deepest level of sleep. They are usually brief and upon waking can be
remembered in detail. Night terrors, however, are a good deal more anxiety producing. During a
night terror, the sleeper experiences a feeling of total panic, and that panic may last for fifteen or
twenty minutes. During this time, the victim may scream or shout in fear. Usually, however, upon
waking, the sleeper only vaguely remembers what caused the terror.
Answer: Comparison pattern

Section 2: The following selections are main ideas taken from different paragraphs in a college textbook.
Which pattern of organization does each one most likely suggest?
 1. Parents tend to treat the oldest child differently from his or her siblings.
Answer: Comparison pattern
2. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a term that describes computer programs that solve problems by
“thinking” the way people do.
Answer: Definition pattern
3. The high cost of college today creates several problems for many students in more ways than one.
Answer : listing pattern
4. Identical twins, even when raised separately, have remarkably similar mannerism
Answer: Cause effect pattern .
5. There are a number of symptomms of drug abuse.
Answer: Classification pattern
6. There are three reasons why Titanic sank.
Answer : listing pattern
7. Her behavior was unusual yesterday in a number of ways.
Answer :Time order pattern
8. Usury is the practice of lending money and charging too much for interest.
Answer : Definition pattern
9. She didn't like dogs. However, she decided to volunteer at the animal shelter.
Answer: Comparison pattern
10. Clubhouse is a new type of social network based on voice, where people around the world come
together to talk, listen and learn from each other in real-time.
Answer:Definition pattern

Exercise 2

Identify the paragraph pattern of these paragraphs

1. In view of the overwhelming health problems among the poor, it is necessary to make massive efforts
to serve them. First of all, a major focus should be on preventing health problems, which is usually
much less costly than treating them later on. There is a great need for many preventive health services
to poor children. In addition, society has to work on the social conditions of poverty that breed
disease. We have to help people break out of the cycle of poverty and illiteracy and unemployment.
…Listingpattern
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. On the basis of power, there are essentially three kinds of radio stations. First is the local station, with
a receiving range of about twenty-five miles. Second is the regional station, which may cover an
entire state. The least common type is the clear-channel station, with power up to 50,000 watts. It
covers a sizable portion of the country, and traditionally it operates on a frequency where no other
stations are permitted.

…Classificartion…
pattern……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Burton Clark and Martin Trow have identified four subcultures found among college students. The
collegiate focuses on having fun and socializing. Enthusiasts have little commitment to learning
pursuits. By contrast, the academic group identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and
values knowledge for its own sake. The vocational crowd is primarily interested in career prospects
and views college as a means of obtaining degrees which are essential for advancement. Finally, the
nonconformists are hostile to the college environment and seek out ideas that may or may not relate
to studies.

…Comparison…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. No planet outside this solar system has yet been detected. But should such a planet be found, it will
have to have a couple of important characteristics to support life as we know it. First of all, the planet
must have a very narrow range of possible masses. Because life we are familiar with requires oxygen
to exist, the planet must have an atmosphere. If the planet's mass is too small, the atmosphere will
escape into space. On the other hand, if it is too large, the heat from the interior will evaporate surface
water, also essential to life. In addition, the star that the planet revolves around must be exactly the
right size. Too big a star will tend to explode before life has a chance to develop around it. Too small
a star will hold its planet in such a close orbit that one side will burn up while the other side freezes.

……listing…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. In the year 1845, the diets of one‐third of the people of Ireland were entirely made up of potatoes.
This illustrates the fact that Ireland was already a country that had greater than its fair share of
poverty even before The Great Famine, which is often referred to as The Irish Potato Famine in
countries outside of Ireland. When a disease often referred to as “potato blight” started to destroy
potato crops, not only in Ireland, but also throughout Europe, the weight of worry quickly altered the
Irish people’s outlook. In 1845, roughly one‐third of the potatoes grown in Ireland were lost and that
was just the start. The next year, three‐quarters of the crops were wiped out by the blight. The
farming was so poor that year that in 1847 many pessimistic potato farmers did not even attempt to
grow crops. 1848 saw one‐third of the pre‐famine average crop haul. And on ‐and ‐on it went.

…Cause…effect…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Noticing the influx of people entering the cities, building owners reconfigured their spaces, making
smaller apartments out of bigger ones so as to accommodate more tenants. The Irish had to pay for
their housing out of wages from low‐paying jobs that required back ‐breaking work. Most of the Irish
men, if they were able to get work at all, performed physical labor. America was expanding and
needed new roadways, railways, bridges, tunnels, and canals. Many of the Irish immigrants took jobs
in those industries as well as in mining. Still, landlords overcharged Irish tenants for small living
spaces that often lacked ventilation and plumbing. Because money and food were so scarce, while
housing was so expensive, women also had to join in as a tremendous part of the Irish workforce,
taking servants’ jobs as housekeepers, nannies, and maids.
 …Cause…effect…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. A boycott is an organized refusal by people to deal with a person or group in order to reach a certain
goal. An example is the famous boycott that began in 1955 when Mrs. Rosa Parks of Montgomery,
Alabama, refused to obey a law requiring black people to sit at the back of city buses. Mrs. Parks was
arrested, and her arrest sparked a boycott of the city bus system by African Americans. The boycott
was organized and led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Rather than continue to lose money needed to
run the bus system, the city changed the law. 

……Defiinision…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. The story of the city mouse and the country mouse is one version of the age-old debate between the
people who prefer city life and those who prefer country life. In the city there is always something to
do. But in the country, you can always find peace and quiet. In the city, you are constantly exposed to
new and different kinds of people. On the other hand, in the country, you are always among familiar
faces. These are the images we have. The reality is less clear-cut. Rural towns do have their night
spots, and even New York City has places to escape to and be alone with your thoughts.

……Comparison…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9. Many people say rapid population growth is the reason why nearly one billion people go hungry
every day. However, political factors are also among the causes of hunger. Firs, many countries with
hungry citizens actually export crops to other countries. Exporting the crops offers greater profits than
selling them at home. Secondly, surpluses that could feed many people are often destroyed in order to
keep the price of products high. For example, some crops are allowed to rot, and extra milk is fed to
pigs even dumped.

……Listing…
pattern…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. You can use a fire extinguisher to put out a small fire in the following manner. First, hold the fire
extinguisher upright. Second, remove the safety pin. Next, direct the hose at the base of the fire.
Finally, push or squeeze the top handle down to start spraying.

……Time…order…
pattern………………………………………………………………………………………………..