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Mensuration
Grade 08
Topics to be Covered
1. Mensuration of
2D Shapes
• 1.1. Perimeter and Area
of Basic Shapes
• 1.2. Area of a Trapezium
• 1.3. Area of a General
Quadrilateral
• 1.4. Area of a Rhombus
• 1.5. Area of a Polygon
2. Mensuration of
3D Shapes
• 2.1. Surface Area
• 2.2. Volume
Mind Map
Area of a general
quadrilateral
Area of a
Area of a rhombus
trapezium
Mensuration of
2D shapes
Mensuration
Mensuration of
3D shapes
Triangle
Parallelogram
Rectangle
• Perimeter: 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑎 • Area: 𝑎𝑏
𝑏
1. Mensuration of 2D Shapes
Square
• Perimeter: 4𝑎
𝑎 • Area: 𝑎 2
Circle
𝑟 • Perimeter: 2𝜋𝑟
• Area: 𝜋𝑟 2
1. Mensuration of 2D Shapes
𝑎
D C
A E F B
𝑐 𝑑
𝑏
Consider a trapezium ABCD
1 1
= 2 𝑐ℎ + 𝑎ℎ + 2
𝑑ℎ
1
= 2 ℎ 𝑐 + 2𝑎 + 𝑑
1
= 2ℎ 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎
1
= 2ℎ 𝑎 + 𝑏
Area of a trapezium
1
= 2 × height × sum of two parallel sides
1. Mensuration of 2D Shapes
B
𝑑
ℎ1
ℎ2
A
D
1 1
= 2 ℎ1 𝑑 + 2 ℎ2 𝑑
1
= 2 𝑑 ℎ1 + ℎ2
1. Mensuration of 2D Shapes
D C
A B
1 𝑑2 1 𝑑2
= 2 𝑑1 + 2 𝑑1
2 2
1 𝑑2
= 2 × 2 𝑑1 2
1
= 2 𝑑1 𝑑2
1
Area of a rhombus = × product of its diagonals
2
1. Mensuration of 2D Shapes
E A
D F B
G
𝑙
𝑙
ℎ
ℎ ℎ
𝑙 𝑏 𝑏 𝑙
𝑙
𝑏
• Total surface area = 2(𝑙𝑏 + 𝑏ℎ + 𝑙ℎ)
𝑙 𝑙
ℎ ℎ ℎ
𝑙 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎2
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑎
𝑎 𝑎2
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑎
𝑎
• Lateral surface area = 4𝑎2
ℎ ℎ
𝑟
2.2. Volume
Volume of a Cuboid
𝑏
𝑙
2.2. Volume
Volume of a Cube
𝑙
𝑙
Volume = Area of the base × Height
= 𝑙 ×𝑙 ×𝑙
= 𝑙3
Volume of a Cylinder
Question 1 2 marks
Solution
We know that,
Area of parallelogram = Side × Altitude
0.5 mark
⇒ 60 = 𝑎 × ℎ
⇒ 𝑎 × ℎ = 60
⇒ 𝑎 × 5 = 60
60
⇒ 𝑎= = 12
5
Hence, 𝑎 = 12 cm
1 mark
Important Questions
Question 2 2 marks
Solution
1
⇒ × 2.5 × BD = 20
2
⇒ 2.5 × BD = 40
⇒ BD = 16 cm
1.5 marks
Important Questions
Question 3 2 marks
Solution
1
⇒ × 8 × 𝑥 = 24
2
⇒ 4𝑥 = 24
⇒𝑥=6
Question 4 5 marks
Solution
Question 5 3 marks
Solution
Given:
Length of the cuboid (𝑙) = 60 cm
Breadth of the cuboid (𝑏) = 54 cm
Height of the cuboid (ℎ) = 30 cm
Question 6 2 marks
Solution
Given:
Radius of the cylindrical tank (𝑟) = 7 m
Height of the cylindrical tank (ℎ) = 3 m
Total surface area of the cylindrical tank
= 2𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + ℎ) 1 mark
22
= 2 × 7 × 7(7+3)
= 44 × 10
= 440 m2
1 mark
Important Questions
Question 7 2 marks
Solution
Given:
Volume of cuboidal reservoir = 108 m3
Rate of pouring water into cuboidal reservoir
= 60 𝑙/min
60 1
Now, 60 𝑙/min = m3/min [ 1𝑙= m3]
∴
1000 1000
60 × 60 3
= m /hour
1000
1 mark
Question 8 3 marks
Solution
Given:
Volume of cylinder = 1.54 m3
Diameter of cylinder = 140 cm
𝑑 140
Radius (𝑟) = = = 70 cm = 0.7 m
2 2
0.5 mark
Volume of cylinder = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
0.5 mark
22
⇒ 1.54 = × (0.7)2 × ℎ
7
1.54 × 7
⇒ℎ=
22 × 0.7 × 0.7
⇒ℎ=1m
2 marks