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Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and

geometric figures”
2.1 Regular and
irregular polygons
2.2 Elements of a Remember:. Line segment
polygon Part of a line delimited for two points. P olygon
Side Flat figure delimited for straight sides, (geometric figure) wich
Vertex
can be regular or irregular.
Intern angles
Exterior angles
Diagonals
2.3 Polygons 2.1 Regular and irregular polygons
classification
According to the It’s called regular polygon when every side equals, therefore its angles
number of its sides are too.
According to its
It’s called irregular polygon when it has its sides and angles different.
intern angles
According to its
sides
2.4 Polygons properties
Total number of
diagonals
Total sum of intern
angles
2.5 Perimeter of a
polygon
2.6 Perimeter of a
circumference
2.7 Area of a flat figure
Area of a square
Area of a rectangle
Area of a
parallelogram
Area of a rhombus
2.2 Elements of a polygon

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 1

 Area of a trapeze
Side
Area of a circle
Area of a triangle They’re the line segments that delimits the polygon.
Area of a regular
polygon
Vertex
Area of a irregular
polygon They’re the points which join two semi-lines.

Intern angles
They’re the intern regions comprised between two consecutive sides.

Exterior angles
They’re the angles adjacent to interiors comprised between the
extension of one side and its consecutive.

Diagonals
They’re the line segments that join two not consecutive vertexes.

✴ Investigation
2.3 Polygons classification
According to the number of its sides
Can be triangles, quadrilaterals …etc.

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 2

 According to its intern angles
Can be concave (when it has an angle greater than 180°) convex
(when the polygon doesn't present any angles greater than 180°).

According to its sides

It can be regular and irregular.

2.4 Polygons properties

Total number of diagonals
For calculate the total number that has a polygon of diagonals, is
utilized the next formula:

n ⋅ (n − 3)
D=
2

Total sum of intern angles

To calculate the total sum of intern angles that present a polygon, is
utilized the next formula:

S = 180° ⋅ (n − 2)

2.5 Perimeter of a polygon

The perimeter of a polygon is obtained adding up the longitudes of its
sides.
The perimeter of a polygon is the longitude of the rectified polygonal.

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 3

 2.6 Perimeter of a circumference
To calculate the perimeter of a circumference we must take into
account the relation that exists in the diameter and the perimeter of the
circumference which we will call “pi” π which is a Greek letter and
that worth approximately 3,1416. For which we will use the following
formula:

P = π⋅D or P = π ⋅ 2r

π ≈ 3,1416
D= Diameter
r = Radius

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2.7 Area of a flat figure

Remember that the area of a figure is measured in square units (u2 ),
as be square centimeters (cm2 ), square meters (m2 ), square
kilometers (km2 ), square millimeters (mm2 ).

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 4

 Area of a square
To calculate the area of a square we must known a side (s) of the
square and elevates to square.

A = s2 or A= s⋅s

Area of a rectangle
To calculate the area of a rectangle we must multiply the base of
rectangle (b) times the height (h).

A= b⋅h

Area of a parallelogram
To calculate the area of a parallelogram we must multiply the base (b)
times the height (h).

A= b⋅h

Area of a rhombus
To calculate the area of a rhombus we must multiply the major
diagonal (D ) times the minor diagonal (d) divided in two.

D⋅d
A=
2

Area of a trapeze
To calculate the area of a trapeze first, we have to add major base (B)
plus the minor base (b), then multiply times the height (h) and divided
in two.

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 5

 (B + b) ⋅ h (b1 + b2 ) ⋅ h
A= or A=
2 2

Area of a circle
To calculate the area of a circle we must multiply pi (π ) times the
radius (r ) elevates to square.

A = π ⋅ r2

Area of a triangle
To calculate the area of a triangle, we must multiply the base times the
height and divide in two.

b⋅h
A=
2

Area of a regular polygon

A regular polygon is characterized by has every side equals and it can
also be inscribed in a circle.

n⋅s⋅a
A=
2

n= side number
s= side longitude

a= apothem

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Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 6

 Area of a irregular polygon
To calculate the area of a irregular polygon , we must break down the
flat figure in known figures as be triangles, squares, circles, etc.

Topic 2 “Perimeters, areas and geometric figures” 7