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Mensuration and Mensuration Formulas

Mensuration is the branch of mathematics which studies the measurement of the

geometric figures and their parameters like length, volume, shape, surface area,
lateral surface area, etc. You will study the mensuration formulas and properties
of different geometric shapes and figures in math’s in this article.

Mensuration Math’s- Definition

A branch of mathematics which talks about the length, volume or area of different
shapes is called Mensuration. These shapes exist in 2 dimension or 3
dimensions. Let’s learn the difference between the two.
Difference Between 2D and 3D shapes
2D Shape 3D Shape

If a shape is surrounded by three or If a shape is surrounded by a no. of

more straight lines in a plane, then it is surfaces or planes then it is a 3D
a 2D shape. shape.

These shapes have no depth or height. These are also called as solid shapes
and unlike 2D they have both height
or depth.

These shapes have only 2-D length These are called Three dimensional
and breadth. as they have depth, breadth and
length.

We can measure their area and We can measure their volume, CSA,
Perimeter. LSA or TSA.

Mensuration in Math’s- Important Terminologies

Let’s learn a few more definitions related to this topic.

Area A M2 The area is the surface which is covered by the

/ cm closedshape.
2

Perimeter P C The measure of the continuous line along the

m /m boundary ofthe given figure is called a Perimeter.
 Mensuration and Mensuration Formulas PDF for 2D and 3D shapes

Volume V C In a 3D shape, the space included is called a Volume.

m3
/
m3

Curved C M2 If there’s a curved surface, then the total area is called

a
Surface S / Curved Surface area. Example: Sphere or Cylinder.
Area A cm
2

Lateral L SA M2 The total area of all the lateral surfaces that

Surface / cm surrounds thefigure is called the Lateral
2
area Surface area.

Total T SA M2 If there are many surfaces like in 3D figures,

Surface / cm then the sum of the area of all these surfaces
2
Area in a closed shape is called Total Surface
area.

Square – M2 The area covered by a square of side one

Unit / cm unit is called a square unit.
2

Cube – M3 The volume occupied by a cube of one side

Unit / cm one unit
3

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 Mensuration and Mensuration Formulas PDF for 2D and 3D shapes
Mensuration Formulas For 2D Figures
Shape Area (Square units) Perimeter Figure
(units)

Square a2 4a

Rectangle lxb 2 (l + b)

Circle πr2 2πr

Scalene √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − a+b+c

Triangle
c) ,s = (a+b+c)/2

Isosceles ½xbxh 2a + b
Triangle

Equilateral √3 3a
24
Triangle a

Right Angle ½xbxh b+

hypotenusee
Triangle +h

Rhombus (1/2) x d1 x d2 4 x side

Parallelogram bxh 2(l+b)

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 Mensuration and Mensuration Formulas PDF for 2D and 3D shapes

Trapezium (1/2) h(a+b) a+b+c+d

Mensuration Formulas for 3D Figur

Shape Volume (Cubic
Curved
units)
Surface Total Surface Figure
Area (CSA) Area (TSA)
(Square units) (Square units)

Cube a3 – 6 a2

Cuboid lxwxh – 2 (lb +bh +hl)

Sphere (4/3) π r3 4 π r2 4 π r2

Hemisphere (⅔) π r3 2πr2 3πr2

Cylinder πr2h 2π r h 2πrh + 2πr2

Cone (⅓) π r2 h π r l πr (r + l)

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 Mensuration and Mensuration Formulas PDF for 2D and 3D shapes

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