09-JULY-2021

The Hindu News Analysis – 09th July 2021 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 OIC should be watchful of vested interests: MEA 10 8 8 8 8

2 Tracking fugitives everywhere (OPED) 9 7 7 7 7

3 A blip (Editorial) 8 6 6 6 6

4 Troubling prospects in Afghanistan (Editorial) 8 6 6 6 6

5 Kerala confirms its first Zika infection 7 5 - 5 1,4

6 New phase (Editorial) 8 6 6 6 6

7 Comments and Clarification 4th July discussion

8 Prelims Practice Questions

9 Mains Practice Questions

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
Pg: 10 – Chennai;
Pg: 8 – B, D, H, T;
 OIC and INDIA
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
• OIC - collective voice of the Muslim
• International organization founded in 1969.
world.
• Second largest inter-governmental organization after
Endeavors to safeguard and protect
the United Nations.
the interests of the Muslim world.
• HQ - Jeddah city of Saudi Arabia.
• India expressed its desire to be a
• Permanent delegations -United Nations and the member in the OIC during its formation
European Union. in 1969.
• Official languages : Arabic, English, and French.
Pakistan’s opposition to India’s entry
• It has 57 member states spread over four
India’s inclusion will violate a rule
continents. of the OIC that a state that wished
• Some of the prominent member are Indian neighbors. to be a part of the OIC should not
have conflicts with any other
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh are members
member-state.
of OIC.
• India has been invited as the guest of
India not a member
honor to the OIC meet of 2019.
 Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I
Current events of national and international
importance.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies-II: Governance, Constitution,
Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Important aspects of governance, transparency and
accountability, e-governance- applications, models,
successes, limitations, and potential; citizens
charters, transparency & accountability and
institutional and other measures.
• Bilateral, regional and global groupings and
agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
Pg: 9 – Chennai;
interests.
Pg: 7 – B, D, H, T;
 • State Police forces
Extradition of fugitives
Bulk of the investigation and
• Extradition -one jurisdiction delivers a prosecution work happens at police
person accused or convicted of committing stations in the States.
a crime in another jurisdiction, over to
Central agencies have developed
the other's law enforcement
reasonable expertise -focused only on
Issues investigation and prosecution work.

• Too many laws- Indian Penal Code, State police forces -engaged in law-
Extradition Act, the Narcotic Drugs and and-order work.
Psychotropic Substances Act, the Prevention
Additional burden of extradition
of Corruption Act, the Prevention of Money
investigations can only reduce the
Laundering and so on.
efficiency.
Tendency among state police forces to
close investigations once the accused • Database

have absconded. Lack of a coordinated system or

Lack a scientific method of database for tracking criminals or

investigations. wanted persons domestically.

State police rely on the statements International scenario - Interpol

obtained from the accused during notices.

the interrogation. In absence of such a system -

Do not follow the protocol properly. relatively easy for criminals from one
police station/jurisdiction to melt into
Some police stations do not initiate
the population in any other area,
proceedings for attachment of
almost undetected.
property and declaration of the
accused as proclaimed offenders
Way Forward

• Create a nationwide database of wanted persons.

Accessible for police agencies and public

authorities like Passport and immigration office.

Proactive steps -Crime and Criminal Tracking

Network and Systems and the National
Intelligence Grid.

Lack proper integration.

Create nation-wide system of ‘Wanted Persons

Notices’, similar to Interpol Notices.

U.S. model -functional inter-State extradition and

fugitive tracking systems.
 • Integrate entire range of activities -
• Establish a dedicated ‘fugitive
investigation to extradition needs to be
tracking unit’.
incorporated into a specialized set-up.
• Enhance integration - immigration
Headed by an Integrated International
agencies, State police agencies,
Cooperation Division (IICD).
Interpol-New Delhi, the External
Affairs Ministry and Home Ministry IICD should have linkages with the fugitive

and central investigation agencies. tracking units at the State level.

• Sign more bilateral and multilateral Ensure that the requisite expertise and

conventions relating to criminal forward-and-backward linkages are created.

matters. Make the system watertight -deter criminals

from escaping the law.
 Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I
Current events of national and international
importance.
Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political
System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues,
etc
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies-II: Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice and International relations.
• Government policies and interventions for
development in various sectors and issues arising out
of their design and implementation
PAPER‐IV
General Studies‐III: Technology, Economic
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management
• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning,
Pg: 8 – Chennai; Pg: 6 – B, D, H, T; mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.
• News: Gross GST revenue collected for June
2021: ₹92,849 crore. • Goods and Service Tax Act - came into
Revenue for June 2021- 2% higher than effect on 1st July 2017.
the GST revenues in June 2020.
Replaced a plethora of indirect taxes-
GST collection dropped below Rs. 1 lakh states’ sales tax, service tax, excise
crore- after posting above Rs. 1 lakh etc.
crore mark for eight months in a row.
• Opened up entire India as a single
Goods and Services Tax (GST) unified market

• Tax on customers when they buy any • Faster movement of trucks- requirements
goods/services such as food, clothes etc. for fewer warehouses.

• Indirect Tax: not directly paid by customers
to the government.
Levied on the manufacturer/seller of goods
and the providers of services.
• Complication: Multiple tax rate slabs for
different categories of products such as
5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.
Important types of GST • Exemptions: alcohol for human consumption,
petroleum products such as crude oil, diesel,
• GST on each transaction - divided into two
petrol, natural gas etc.
equal parts.
• GST collection, June 2021- related to the
• Part for the Centre: Central GST (CGST).
business transactions during May 2021.
• Part of a state’s share of GST (when a
May 2021: most of the States/UTs were under
transaction takes place within the state):
either complete or partial lock down.
State GST (SGST).
Impacted the GST collections.
• When a transaction takes place within a UT
without a legislature: Union territory GST • e-way bill data for May 2021- down by more

(UGST), the part of GST received by UT. than 30% than April 2021.

• Integrated GST (IGST): when a transaction • Reduction in caseload and easing of lockdowns-

takes place between two states/UTs or e-way bills generated during June 2021 is 5.5

between a state/UT and any foreign crore.

territory. Indicates recovery of trade and business.

 Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I
• Current events of national and international importance.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-II
General Studies-I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History
and
Geography of the World and Society.
• History of the world will include events from 18th
century such as industrial revolution, world wars,
Redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,
decolonization, political philosophies like communism,
capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on
the society
PAPER‐III
General Studies‐II: Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice and International relations
• India and its neighborhood- relations
• Effect of policies and politics of developed and
developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora
Pg: 8 – Chennai; Pg: 6 – B, D, H, T;
About

The current incidents in Afghan - factors

that could shape the future events in the • Taliban effect
South Asian region
started capturing the territories in
Incidents in Afghanistan Afghanistan

• U.S. troops departed from the Bagram Kabul government to release over 5,000
Air Base - coordinated the 20-year-long Taliban cadres
war in Afghanistan
• In future - there will be increasing
Doha accord signed between the U.S. Taliban presence in the countryside
and the Taliban insurgents
• U.S. ended up legitimising the Taliban
U.S. pledged to withdraw all its troops
by September 2021.

• Effects of Democracy
In 2001 - there were
9,00,000 boys in school – now,
the number reached 80 lakh -
girls constituting one third of it
Literacy - up from 12% in 2002
to 35% recently
Factors that could shape the future events
• Ideology of the Taliban
only
Religious radicalism - propagated by Taliban is seen as
a threat for peaceful existence
US and the Pakistan - pushing Talibans to change their
line of ideology -Taliban leadership have given no clues
• Unity within the Afghan Regime

Life expectancy - increased from Presently - the relationship between the leaders in Kabul
40 to 63 years and the government is not healthy

Urbanisation in Afghanistan If continues - adversely impact the integrity of the

chain of command of the Afghan security forces
• Daily attacks from Taliban/IS
Khorasan - Highest number of • Pakistan factor plays a vital role
attacks since the U.S. ended Pakistan could change its strategy realising - Taliban-
combat operations in 2014. dominated Kabul - influencer of its own home-grown
extremists
 News :

• Zika infection - officially confirmed

for the first time in Kerala.

Blood samples of a pregnant woman

who had no prior travel history.

• 19 more samples of health workers -

National Institute of Virology, Pune.

• 13 were suspected to be positive for

Zika virus

Pg : 7 – Chennai; Pg : 5 – B, H
Pg : 1,4 – Thiruvananthapuram ;
 • Disease - hospitalization and deaths are uncommon.
Zika Infection
• Virus - Not considered dangerous to anyone other
• Spread by Mosquitos - Vector : than pregnant women.
Aedes aegypti
Concerns:
• Mosquito - Also spreads dengue and
• Microcephaly - pregnant women are infected.
chikungunya.
Birth defect wherein a baby’s head is smaller than
• Transmitted through sexual activity
expected when compared to babies of the same
with the infected people
sex and age.
History of zika virus - 1940’s
Such babies often have smaller brains that might
• Identified for the first time among not have developed properly.
monkeys at Uganda.
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Detected in humans five years later.
Neurological disorder that could lead to paralysis
and death.
 Preventive measures

Symptoms • Usage of mosquito nets and repellents

• Most people do not develop symptoms or • Taking steps to prevent sexual

will only have mild symptoms. transmission.

• Common symptoms - Fever, Rash, • Governments - mosquito control measures

Headache, Joint pain, Conjunctivitis (red Spraying of pesticides

eyes) and Muscle pain
Usage of repellents.
Can last for several days to week. • Use of contraceptives - focused.

• WHO - Treated with common pain and WHO requires countries to counsel sexually
fever medicines, rest and plenty of active men and women to minimize
water. chances of conception at the time of an
outbreak.
Pg: 8 – Chennai;
Pg: 6 – B, D, H, T;
 • Recent shuffle in the Union Council of Ministers
The Constitution (Ninety-First
Amendment) Act 2003 Guided by both political and administrative
considerations.
• Introduced Article 75 (1A).

Fits ruling government’s agenda to bring in OBCs, Dalits

“Total number of
and tribes under its vote bank.
Ministers, including the
PM, in the Council of • 42nd and 44th Constitutional Amendments- made the advice
Ministers shall not exceed binding on the President.
15 % of the total number
of members of the House
of the People.”

• Present strength of Lok Sabha

is 545- maximum of 81 CoM.

Source: https://legislative.gov.in
 Principle of collective responsibility

• CoM own joint responsibility to the Lok

Sabha for all their acts of omission and
commission.

Principle of individual responsibility

• President can remove a minister even when

the CoM enjoys the confidence of the Lok
Sabha.

• President removes a minister only on the

advice of the Prime Minister.

Source: https://legislative.gov.in • Different categories of council of ministers:

cabinet ministers, ministers of state, and
deputy ministers.
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q1. Consider the following statements about Zika
Infection.
1. Apart from mosquito bite, the virus is also
transmitted through sexual activity with the
infected people
2. Fever, Rash, Headache, Joint pain,
Conjunctivitis and Muscle pain are the
symptoms associated with Zika Infection.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Practice Question - Prelims
Q2. With reference to the responsibility of
Union Council of Ministers, consider the
following:
1. Collective responsibility
2. Individual responsibility
3. Legal responsibility
Which of the above is/are ensured by the
Constitution of India?

(a) 1 only (a) 1 only

(b) 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q3. Which among the following is/are the
member states of the ‘Organisation of Islamic
Cooperation (OIC)’?
1. Saudi Arabia
2. Iran
3. Bangladesh
4. India
5. Pakistan
Select the correct code given below.
a) 1, 2 and 5
b) 2, 3 and 4
c) 1, 2, 4 and 5
d) 1, 2, 3 and 5 Source: https://www.mapsofworld.com
OPEC

• Ecuador withdrew its membership in January

• Five founding countries : Islamic Republic of
2020
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela
• Indonesia suspended its membership in 30
• Other countries : Libya , the United Arab
November 2016.
Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Gabon, Angola,
Equatorial Guinea and Congo. • Qatar terminated its membership on 1
January 2019

• Currently, the Organization has a total of 13

Member Countries.
 Practice Question - Mains
GS II/III
Q. ‘The Centre-state friction over pending
compensation payments under the Goods
and Services Tax would strain the finances of
states and undermine the potential of GST.’
Examine.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Practice Question - Mains
GS- II
Q. What do you understand by the phrase
‘Extradition of Fugitives’? Discuss the issues
pertaining to the extradition of fugitives in
Indian scenario.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Practice Question – Mains
GS – II
Q. The US troops are departing away after
coordinating the 20-year-long war in
Afghanistan. In this context, discuss the
evolving paradigm of Indian foreign policy
with respect to Afghanistan
(250 words, 15 Marks)
Practice Question - Prelims
Answers
Q1. Option C
Q2. Option C
Q3. Option D