17-10-2022

17-OCTOBER-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 17th October 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
No.
News Articles
C B D H T
1,
1 In Punjab’s war on drugs, addiction among women gets overlooked 10
10 4 8 10

2 Man held for staging abduction to extort money from parents - - 3 - -

3 Daya Bai to continue protest in spite of Ministers’ promises. 7 6 - 5 4

4 Food day as a reminder to ‘leave no one behind’ (Editorial) 8 8 8 6 8

5 Public dashboard to track progress of remediation of legacy landfills 12 12 14 10 12

‘Parties must commit themselves to more empowered ward

6 - 2 - - -
committees in manifestos’
7 Prelims Practice Questions
@ end of the video
8 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 1, 10 – C
Pg: 10 – B, T
Pg: 4 – D
Pg: 8 – H

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights
Issues, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management.
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
• Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

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Cross border drug trade in India

• India is wedged between Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle.

• Golden Triangle - borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar at the confluence of the Ruak and
Mekong Rivers.

• Golden Crescent - overlaps

Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.

Drug addiction
Prevailing challenges
• Substance use disorder - disease that affects a
person’s brain & behavior. • Some drugs are easily and legally

• It leads to an inability to control the use of a available in the markets like tobacco

legal or illegal drug or medicine. and those are used for medicinal
purposes.
Reasons for drug addiction
• Very less rehabilitation centres run by
• India’s geographic location.
the governments.
• School and college students - using drugs under
• Private centres are charging - not
peer pressure and as stress buster.
viable option for poor people.
• People who have untreated mental health problems
- use drugs to feel better. • Difficulty in tracing the smuggling of
drugs through the states like Punjab,
• Poor implementation of laws and corruption in
Assam and Uttar Pradesh.
the policing system.

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Possible solutions

• Strengthening of criminal Laws and criminal

justice system - to punish the drug
Practice question – Mains
smugglers.
GS – III
• Establishment of counseling centres at
hotspot areas - provide advice. Q. Discuss the prevailing challenges in
addressing the problem of drug addiction
• Need to create more Rehabilitation centres and suggest some solutions to address
with good infrastructure. the problem.
• The govt. should launch awareness (150 words, 10 marks)
programme with the help of CSOs, SHGs and
NGOs.

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Pg: 3 – Delhi edition

Platform Workers

Gig worker • Worker working for an organization.

• Which provides specific services using online

• Who does gig work.
platform directly to individuals or organizations.
• Who takes on hourly or part-time jobs.
• Example - Uber, Ola, Zomato, Swiggy.
• Usually temporary and completed during a
specified time.

• Under a nonstandard work arrangement. Code of Social Security, 2020

• Names - contingent workers, freelancers Platform Work – “Work arrangement outside of a

and independent contractors. traditional employer employee relationship in which
organisations or individuals use an online platform to
access other organisations or individuals to solve specific
problems or to provide specific services or any such other
activities which may be notified by the Central
Government, in exchange for payment”

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Significance
• Flexibility
• Geographic diversity
• Inclusivity
• Expanded income
• Reduction in unemployment
17-10-2022
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements
regarding Platform Workers:
1. Platform works are also called as street
vendors.
2. In India social security provisions are
not available to platform workers.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Pg: 4 – T
Pg: 5 – H
Pg: 6 – B
Pg: 7 - C

EndoSulfan

• A pesticide.

• Pesticide - substances meant to control

pests

• Insects, weeds, fungi and other pests.

• Pesticide - herbicide, insecticide,

nematicide, molluscicide, rodenticide,
bactericide or any insect repellent, animal
repellent, microbicide, fungicide, etc.

• Cream - to brown-colored solid - crystals or

flakes.

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• Does not occur naturally in environment.

• Organochlorine insecticide 1st introduced in 1950s.

• To control a variety of insects - whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, Colorado potato beetles &
cabbage worms.

• A broad-spectrum organochlorine.

• Works as an insecticide & acaricide.

• Insecticide - kills the insects detrimental for crops.

• Acaricide - kills sub class of arachnids - acari.

• Acari subclass - ticks and mites.

• 2011 - SC banned endosulfan throughout India.

Features & harmful impacts

• Relatively persistent & semi volatile compound.

Detected in soil, sediment,

and water, even in areas
where it is not used.

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• Potential of bio-accumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

Issue

• Toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion.

• Causes many health issues.

• Persistent and bio-accumulating nature - aggravates problem.

• Negative impacts on humans.

Neurobehavioral disorders, Cognitive disorders, Hydrocephalus, Mental Retardation, cancer at

younger ages & other severe lifelong illnesses among female children.

Hydrocephalus

A condition of increased pressure within the head.

Head grows in abnormal size & leads to brain

damage & ultimately death.

Abnormalities related to male reproductive system.

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• Negative impact on environment &

other organisms.

Leads to mass deaths of bees,

fishes, birds & causes congenital
deformities in domestic animals -
cows.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements :
1. Endosulfan is globally banned.
2. Bio-magnification means chemicals
transfer from lower trophic levels to
higher trophic levels within a food
web.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Pg: 8 – C, B, D, T
Pg: 6 – H

Part A—Preliminary Examination Hunger

Paper I - (200 marks) • Desire to consume food.

Current events of national and international
• Lower intake of essential calories - under-
importance.
development of the human mind and body.
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable
Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, • Objective indicators - capture hunger
Social Sector Initiatives, etc. problems scientifically.
Part B—Main Examination
Calorie consumption.
PAPER-III
General Studies‐II: Governance, Constitution, Body mass index.
Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
Proportion of malnourished children.
• Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Child mortality.

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• Calorie intake - proximate aspect of hunger.

Hunger at global level
Indian Council of Medical Research -
• Undermining of food and nutrition security.
per-person per-day calorie norms.
• Reason
2400 kcal - rural areas.
Top level of the social strata - always
2100 kcal - urban areas.
get food.
Requirement - varies across different
COVID-19 pandemic, climate change,
expenditure-classes.
spiralling food inflation, conflict.

• Data

Not enough food for 828 million people.

50 million people - severe hunger.

Hunger Hotspots Outlook (2022-23). Child stunting - 3% decline (38.4 to 35.5).

2 05 million people - emergency food Child wasting - 1.7% decline.

assistance to survive.
Wasting in children under five - 0.2%
increase.
Hunger problem in India
Children under 5 - increase in overweight
• Global Hunger Index, 2022 - 107th rank/121.
(2.1 to 3.4).
Serious category.
India’s journey
• NFHS-5 report (2019-21)
• Better production and self-sufficiency.
Twin problem of malnutrition - over
nourishment, under nourishment. Green revolution.

Percentage of obese children and adults - Incorporation of technologies.

increased in last five years.
• 2021-22 - $49.6 billion agri exports.

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What should be done

Reasons for hunger problem
• Climate adaptation and resilience building.
• Climate shocks.
• Environmental sustainability.
• Increasing population.
Attention towards
World Population Prospects, 2022 - India
Soil degradation by excessive use of
- most populous country by 2023.
chemicals.
By 2030 - population expected to rise
Non-judicious water use.
to 1.5 billion.
Declining nutritional value of food
products.

• Sustainable Agri-food systems: Preserves agrobiodiversity.

Move from conventional input-intensive Increase in yield for farmers.

agriculture to inclusive, effective,
Eg: Tejaswini programme.
sustainable agri-food systems.
• Government initiatives for better production
• Encouragement of millets production.
and improving food access.
Benefits

Climate-smart crops.

Hardier than other cereals.

Need fewer inputs.

Less extractive for the soil.

Revive soil health.

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Initiatives taken by govt.

• International Monetary Fund paper -
• National Food Security Act, 2013. Pandemic, Poverty, and Inequality: Evidence

Targeted Public Distribution System. from India.

PM POSHAN scheme. Extreme poverty - below 1% in 2020 due

to PMGKAY.
Integrated Child Development Services.
• India - revival of millet production.
• Food safety nets and inclusion - public
procurement and buffer stock policy. UN General Assembly - 2023 -
International Year of Millets.
• Programmes with digitization.
National government - Sub-Mission on
Rice fortification, better health, and
Nutri-Cereals (Millets).
sanitation.

• Increasing cooperation for leveraging solutions

Path to a better life
and innovations.
• Transforming food systems.
• Making the global and regional supply chain
• Resilient and sustainable food systems. robust and responsive by strengthening

• Focusing on equity. transparency.

• Enhancing food and nutrition security and

Way Forward
social protection networks.
• India
• Providing non-distortionary income support.
Lead the global discourse on food and
• Promoting production and consumption of
nutrition security.
nutritious native foods.
Use G20 presidency to bring food and
• Investing in consumer sensitization.
nutrition security to a resilient and
equitable future.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. Globally, food and nutrition security
continue to be undermined by the
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic,
climate change, spiralling food inflation,
conflict, and inequality. In lights of the
above statement discuss the causes and
importance of addressing the hunger
problem.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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Pg: 12 – C, B, T
Pg: 10 – H
Pg: 14 – D

Landfill

• An area of land - used to dump garbage.

• Directly on the ground - land raising.

• Filling an unwanted hole in the ground -

landfilling.

• Legacy landfills

• Legacy wastes - Wastes collected & kept for

years at barren land or a landfill.

• Legacy waste dumped place/land - legacy

landfill.

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Impacts

• Occupy large space.

• Breeding ground for pathogens, flies &

leachate generation.

• Leachate - any contaminated liquid

generated from water percolating through
a solid waste disposal site, accumulating
contaminants.

• Leads to water contamination.

• Contribute to GHSs

• Risk of uncontrollable fire.

• Large amount of unsegregated waste.

• Unknown composition hinders processing or

recycling or reuse.

Solution

• To analyze technical parameters -

characteristics & composition of legacy waste.

• To check the feasibility of conducting

bioremediation of dumpsites.

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• Scientific mining operation – bio mining.

• Bio-mining creates a sustainable business model (SBM).

• Ex: from polymeric wastes - refuse-derived fuel (RDF).

• Electricity from RDF used energy-intensive industries & households.

Practice Question – Prelims

• Combining legacy waste management with Q. Consider the following statements regarding
IWM facility. Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 (SBM-U 2.0):
1. SBM-U 2.0 is designed to make all our cities
Adequate collecting, transporting and
‘Garbage Free’ and ‘Water Secure’.
disposing capacities.
2. It focusses on segregation of solid waste and
• Revenue-generating fractions of the legacy utilizing the principles of 3Rs (reduce, reuse,
recycle).
waste - plastic waste, glass pieces, heavy
metals - cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury 3. It aims to provide 100% coverage of water
supply to all households in around 4,700 urban
& zinc etc… local bodies.
Help articulate circular economy in SBM. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) None of the above

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Pg: 2 – Bengaluru Edition

Ward Committee Concerns

• Article 243s. • Forming in municipal areas with a

• Consist of one or more wards population of less than three lacs.

Within the territorial area of a • Forming for each ward in any municipal

Municipality with population of 3 lakhs or area at any level of the municipality.

more. • Constitution of Ward committees.

• SL must create provisions for
• No choice for municipalities with populations
Composition of ward committees. of three lacs or more.

Territorial area of ward committees

• Municipality === community.
Ways of filling the seats in ward
• Chaired by elected representative from
committees
particular ward.

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Functions Working

• Supervises overall municipal work. • Integrated Development Plan

• Recommendations on local government issues • Performance Management System

• Communicate thro’ ward councilor • Annual Budget

• Ward Councilors - accountable • Annual Report.

• Engage the community - regular meetings • Policies & laws.

• Proper availability of water and sanitation

facilities.

• Identify slums & looks into their up-gradation.

• Dissemination of Public health information.

• Protects the environment.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements :
1. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
provided for the constitution of ward
committees.
2. A Ward committee is chaired by a
person selected through the Union
Public Service Commission.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements :
1. Endosulfan is globally banned.
2. Bio-magnification means chemicals
transfer from lower trophic levels to
higher trophic levels within a food
web.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 (SBM-U 2.0):
1. SBM-U 2.0 is designed to make all our cities
‘Garbage Free’ and ‘Water Secure’.
2. It focusses on segregation of solid waste and
utilizing the principles of 3Rs (reduce, reuse,
recycle).
3. It aims to provide 100% coverage of water
supply to all households in around 4,700 urban
local bodies
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) None of the above

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements
regarding Platform Workers:
1. Platform works are also called as street
vendors.
2. In India social security provisions are
not available to platform workers.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Quiz Question – Prelims (17/10/2022)

Q. Consider the following statements :
1. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
provided for the constitution of ward
committees.
2. A Ward committee is chaired by a
person selected through the Union
Public Service Commission.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Practice question – Mains
Q. Globally, food and nutrition security
continue to be undermined by the
GS – III
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, Q. Discuss the prevailing challenges in
climate change, spiralling food inflation, addressing the problem of drug addiction
conflict, and inequality. In lights of the and suggest some solutions to address
above statement discuss the causes and the problem.
importance of addressing the hunger (150 words, 10 marks)
problem.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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