Oral Drugs (PO) Intramuscular Drugs (IM)

Augmentin Hydrocortisone
Prednisone
Salbutamol Subcutaneous Drugs (SC)
Metformin Insulin
Acetaminophen Heparin
Valsartan Clexane
Gabapentin
Furosemide Oral or Intramuscular Drugs (PO or IM)
Vitamin C Omeprazole
Simvastatin Diclofenac Sodium
Flagyl Baralgin
Doxycycline Valium
Panadiene Dimenhydrinate
Pantecta Diphenhydramine
Brand Name Generic Name Classification Usage Side Effects MOA Nursing
Responsibilities
Augmentin Amoxicillin Antibiotic Kills or slows  Diarrhoea Amoxicillin binds to Take with food to
the growth of  Vomiting penicillin-binding reduce stomach upset.
bacteria  Nausea proteins within the
 Headache bacterial cell wall Prolonged or repeated
 Gas or and inhibits bacterial use may cause oral
Abdominal cell wall synthesis. thrush or new yeast
pain infection.
 Skin rash or
Administer to pregnant
itching
women only when
 White sores in definitely needed.
mouth or
throat due to
prolonged use.
Flagyl Metronidazole Antibiotic Kills or slows  Dizziness Inhibits protein Do not administer to
the growth of  Headache synthesis by pregnant of lactating
bacteria  Stomach upset interacting with mothers
 Nausea DNA and causing a
 Vomiting loss of helical DNA Assess for infection
structure and strand (WBC)
 Loss of
appetite breakage. Therefore,
it causes cell death Avoid alcohol
 Diarrhoea
in susceptible
 Constipation Assess for allergies
organisms.
 Metallic taste (fever or rash).
in your mouth
may occur
Vibramycin Doxycycline Antibiotic Kills or slows  Blistering, Stop the growth of May increase the effect
the growth of peeling, or bacteria by of anticoagulants such
bacteria loosening of allosterically binding as digoxin.
the skin. to the 30S
  Decreased prokaryotic Avoid excessive
appetite. ribosomal unit sunlight
 Diarrhoea, during protein
watery and synthesis. Assess for active signs
severe, which of infection.
may also be
bloody.
 Difficulty with
swallowing.
 Feeling of
discomfort.
 Headache.
 Hives, itching,
puffiness or
swelling of the
eyelids or
around the
eyes, face, lips,
or tongue.
Cipro HS Hydrocortisone Antibiotic/ Kills or slows  Upset Binds to the Assist patient to ambulate
Corticosteroid the growth of stomach. glucocorticoid as it may cause dizziness.
(anti- bacteria/ anti-  Stomach receptor leading to
inflammatory) inflammatory irritation. downstream effects Do not discontinue
abruptly as it may cause a
uses (redness,  Vomiting. such as inflammatory
fall in BP and affect blood
swelling,  Headache. transcription factors,
sugar levels.
itching,  Dizziness. and aids in the
warmth)  Insomnia. promotion of anti-
AVOID grapefruit and
 Restlessness. inflammatory genes.
grapefruit products as it
 Depression. may slow the
metabolization of the
drug.
Deltasone Prednisone Corticosteroid Anti-  headache. Bind to the Do not take while
 (anti- inflammator  dizziness. glucocorticoid pregnant
inflammatory) y uses  difficulty receptor, inhibiting
(redness, falling asleep pro-inflammatory Weakens the immune
swelling, or staying signals, and system
itching, pain, asleep. promoting anti-
warmth).  extreme inflammatory May cause an infection
changes in signals. to worsen
mood.
 bulging eyes. May increase blood
 acne. sugar and blood
pressure levels.
Acetaminophe Acetaminophen Analgesic/ Relieves pain/  nausea, Acts not only on the DM caution as it
n (Tylenol Antipyretic reduces fever  stomach pain, brain but also the contains sugar and
E.g.)  loss of spinal cord and aspartame
appetite, induces analgesia
 itching, (the inability to feel Not safe for pregnant or
 rash, pain.) breastfeeding women
 headache,
 dark urine, Avoid alcohol as it may
 clay-coloured cause liver damage.
stools
Panadiene Codeine Analgesic/ Relieves pain/ Nausea, vomiting, Activating opioid Not for patients on
Antitussive relieves cough constipation, light- receptors in nervous hypertension
headedness, dizziness, system to produce medication
or drowsiness painkilling effects. It
also acts at the level Do not take with
of the spinal cord to medicine containing
prevent the alcohol (some cough
transmission of pain syrups) and avoid
impulses. alcohol.
Voltaren Diclofenac Non-Steroidal Control pain, Upset stomach, Works by reducing Assess ROM before
Sodium Anti- fever, and nausea, heartburn, hormones (COX 1 and 1hr after dose
 Inflammatory inflammatory diarrhoea, and 2) that cause
Drugs (NSAIDs) conditions constipation, gas, inflammation and Avoid alcohol, other
such as headache, drowsiness, pain in the body. NSAIDs and aspirin
muscle or and dizziness may
joint pain. occur Take with food and
swallow pill whole.
Baralgin Metamizole Non-Steroidal Control pain,  Increase in Works by reducing Danger to patient with
Anti- fever, and heart rate. hormones (COX 1 liver disease
Inflammatory inflammatory  Difficulty in and 2) that cause
Drugs (NSAIDs) conditions swallowing. inflammation and Do not use in patients
such as  Dry mouth. pain in the body. with DM
muscle or  Dizziness and
joint pain. Drowsiness. Drugs may interact with
 Headache. anti-hypertensive drugs
 Skin rash. causing low BP.
 Itching.
Do not administer to
pregnant or lactating
Heparin Heparin Anticoagulants Slows blood  Easy bleeding Decrease the clotting Assess bleeding and
clotting. and bruising. ability of the blood haemorrhage activity
Blood  Pain, redness, and help prevent
thinner. Aids warmth, harmful clots from May cause black stool
with blood irritation, or forming in blood
circulation. skin changes vessels. Works by Note hypersensitivity
where the preventing thrombin (allergies/ rash)
medicine was and fibrin to work Overdose is treated
injected. correctly as they are with protamine.
 Itching of your what contributes to +(1mg :100 u heparin)
feet blood clots.
 Bluish-
coloured skin.
Clexane Enoxaparin Anticoagulants Slows blood  Pain, bruising Deactivating Assess bleeding and
clotting. or irritation at thrombin proteins in haemorrhage activity
Blood the injection your blood that your
thinner. Aids site after body uses to form a Avoid OTC such as
with blood Clexane has clot. aspirin
circulation. been given
 Haemorrhage May cause blood in
 Fever stool
 Confusion
Pantecta Pantoprazole Gastroesophageal Relieve  Headache. Proton pumps are May increase bleeding
Reflux/ Acid symptoms of  Nausea. enzymes in the in warfarin use
Reflux/ Proton acid reflux, or  Vomiting. lining of your
Pump Inhibitor gastroesophag  Gas. stomach that help it Do not administer to
eal reflux  Joint pain. make acid to digest pregnant or lactating
disease  Diarrhoea. your food.
(GERD).  Dizziness. Pantoprazole prevent Avoid alcohol
s proton pumps from
working properly.
This reduces the
amount of acid the
stomach makes.
Prilosec Omeprazole Gastroesophageal Relieve  Back, leg, or Block gastric acid Monitor for allergic
Reflux/ Acid symptoms of stomach pain. secretion by reactions
Reflux/ Proton acid reflux, or  Bleeding or irreversibly binding
Pump Inhibitor gastroesophag crusting sores to and inhibiting the Don’t administer for
eal reflux on the lips. hydrogen-potassium persons with liver
disease  Blisters. ATPase pump that disease such as lupus
(GERD).  Bloody or resides on the
cloudy urine. luminal surface of Administer calcium and
 Continuing the parietal cell vitamin D supplements
ulcers or sores membrane. during pregnancy
in the mouth.
  Difficult, May increase risk for
burning, or bone fracture in elderly.
painful
urination.
 Frequent urge
to urinate.
Dramamine Dimenhydrinate Antihistamine Reduces  Drowsiness. Dimenhydrinate is Monitor V/S mainly
symptoms of  Excitement or used to prevent and temp and pulse
allergies such hyperactivity treat nausea,
as hay fever, (especially in vomiting, and Assist with ambulation
hives, (itching children) dizziness caused by
welts on skin),  Headache. motion sickness. Avoid rigorous/
conjunctivitis  New or Dimenhydrinate is in hazardous activities
and reactions worsening a class of
to insect bites dizziness. medications called
or stings.  Blurred vision. antihistamines. It
They're also  Ringing in the works by preventing
sometimes ears. problems with body
used to  Dry mouth, balance.
prevent nose, or throat.
motion  Palpitations
sickness and and fever.
as a short-
term treatment
for insomnia.
DPH Elixir or Diphenhydramine Antihistamine Reduces  Dry mouth, Acts as an inverse Assess V/S especially
Benadryl symptoms of nose, and agonist at the H1 respirations
allergies such throat. (histamine) receptor,
as hay fever,  Drowsiness. thereby reversing the Do not breastfeed while
hives, (itching  Dizziness. effects of histamine on IM
welts on skin),  Nausea. on capillaries,
conjunctivitis  Vomiting. reducing allergic
 and reactions  Loss of reaction symptoms.
to insect bites appetite.
or stings.  Constipation.
They're also  Increased chest
sometimes congestion.
used to
prevent
motion
sickness and
as a short-
term treatment
for insomnia.
Valium Diazepam Antianxiety Decreases  Drowsiness, Works by facilitating Verify mental status
anxiety by  Tired feeling, the activity of the before administration
calming the  Dizziness, chemical Gaba at
brain and  Spinning various receptor sites Monitor v/s to see, if
nerves. sensation, in the brain. Gaba possible, symptoms
 Fatigue, reduces activity in may negatively be
 Constipation, different areas of the affecting the vitals.
 Ataxia (loss of brain, including
balance), regions that help
 Memory control emotion,
problems, thought, memory,
and automatic
functions such as
breathing.
Neurontin Gabapentin Anti-seizure/ Prevents or  Drowsiness Gabapentin treats Assess pain and mental
Anticonvulsant/ stops seizures  Dizziness seizures status
Antiepileptic  Nausea by decreasing
 Vomiting abnormal excitement Increase fluids to avoid
 Diarrhoea in the brain. constipation
 Mood changes Gabapentin relieves
  Constipation pain by changing the Elevate bedrails,
 Blurred vision way the body senses remove hazards, and
 Dry mouth pain.  keep bed at the lowest
level possible

Lasix Furosemide Diuretic Increases  Increased Increase the Assess the input and
urinary urination excretion of sodium output of water daily
output.  Thirst and water by the
 Muscle cramp kidneys by inhibiting Increase fluid intake
 Itching or rash their reabsorption
 Weakness from the proximal Assess electrolyte
 Dizziness and distal tubules, as balance
 Spinning well as the loop of
sensation Henle. Assess blood sugar for
 Diarrhoea dm patients.
Ventolin Salbutamol Bronchodilator Treats Dry mouth, irritated Relaxes the smooth Interaction with
bronchospas throat, dizziness, muscles of all acetaminophen may
m in asthma. headache, light- airways, from the increase serum levels
(Bronchospas headedness, heartburn, trachea to the and decrease excretion
m is a loss of appetite, terminal bronchioles, rate.
tightening of altered taste sensation, thus preventing
the muscles restlessness, anxiety, bronchospasms. Can be used in
that line the nervousness, pregnancy and
airways trembling, and breastfeeding.
(bronchi) in sweating as the body
your lungs.) adjust to meds
Glucophage Metformin Anti-diabetic/ Controls or Nausea, vomiting, The alteration of the Monitor blood sugar
Biguanides lowers the stomach upset, energy metabolism
amount of diarrhoea, weakness, of the cells. Avoid alcohol as it may
glucose or a metallic taste in Metformin exerts its increase risk of lactic
(sugar) in the the mouth may occur. prevailing, glucose- acidosis
blood. lowering effect by
 inhibiting hepatic Extremely low blood
gluconeogenesis and sugar may occur if
opposing the action taken with other DM
of glucagon. meds
Humulin R Insulin Hormones Human  Sweating. It works Assess fasting blood
insulin is used  Dizziness or by stimulating the glucose and urine
to control light- uptake of glucose ketones.
blood sugar in headedness. into cells, lowering
people who  Shakiness. your blood sugar Assess for
have type 1  Hunger. level. Your liver and hypoglycaemia (An
diabetes  Fast heart rate. muscles can take up irregular or fast
(condition in  Tingling in glucose either for heartbeat, Fatigue, Pale
which the your hands, immediate energy or skin, Shakiness,
body does not feet, lips, or to be stored as Anxiety, Sweating,
make insulin tongue. glycogen until it's Hunger, Irritability.)
and therefore  Trouble needed. And hyperglycaemia
cannot control concentrating (High blood sugar,
the amount of or confusion. Increased thirst and/or
sugar in the  Blurred vision. hunger, blurred vision,
blood) or in frequent urination, and
people who headache.)
have type 2
diabetes
(condition in Educate about
which the ketoacidosis (DKA
blood sugar is develops when your
too high body doesn't have
because the enough insulin to allow
body does not blood sugar into your
produce or cells for use as energy.
use insulin May experience
normally) that symptoms such as
nausea, thirst and
 cannot be polyuria which is more
controlled than normal urine
with oral output)
medications
alone.
Diovan Valsartan Angiotensin II help relax  Nausea. Is an angiotensin II Monitor BP and pulse
Receptor your veins  Cough. receptor blocker. It rate
Antagonist and arteries to  Dizziness. works by blocking a
lower your  Tiredness. substance in the Check BP before and
blood  Diarrhoea. body that causes after administering
pressure and  Headache. blood vessels to meds
make it easier  Pain in the tighten. Valsartan
for your heart abdomen. relaxes the blood Do not administer to
to pump  Lower blood vessels and lowers pregnant or lactating
blood. pressure. blood pressure. A mothers
lower blood pressure
will increase the Do not take if taking
supply of blood and drugs that contain
oxygen to the heart. aliskiren (BP med).
Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid Supplement/ necessary for Nausea, vomiting and It acts as an Must be swallowed
Antioxidant the growth, diarrhoea. antioxidant, helping whole
development,  Heartburn. to protect cells from
and repair of the damage caused Take no more than
Stomach cramps or
all body by free radicals. 1000mg per day as it
bloating.
tissues. Helps Antioxidants may cause lose stool/
the body to  Fatigue and are substances that diarrhoea.
function sleepiness, can prevent or slow
properly. sometimes damage to cells
insomnia. caused by free
Headache. radicals
Skin flushing.
Zocor Simvastatin Lipid/ Treats or Constipation, Works by slowing Monitor and assess
Cholesterol reduces high headache, nausea, the production of lipid profile
lowering meds levels of fats/ confusion, and cholesterol in the
lipids and abdominal pain. body to - the amount Advise patient to avoid
cholesterol of cholesterol that high fat and high
present in the may build up on the cholesterol foods such
blood. walls of the arteries as dairy products, fried
and block blood flow foods, processed meats,
to the heart, brain, etc.
and other parts of the
body.