“Psychological Theory”

3 Major Theories

1. Psychodynamic
2. Behavioral Theory
3. Cognitive Theory

Psychodynamic theory

- Viennese, Sigmund Freud – Prominent Theories

- This theory controlled by unconscious mental process

Behavioral Theory

- Behavioral Theory is developed by learning experience

- BANDURA- Believed something learned. process called behavioral modeling.

Cognitive Theory

- Focus on mental process of an individual

- CHARLES GORING – Discover the relationship between crime and flawed intelligence
- Criminals are likely to be insane, intelligent, exhibit poor social behavior.
- GABRIEL TARDE- Theory of immitation believed that people learn from another
through imitation

3 unconscious part (Sigmund Freud) Psychodynamic theory

. ID

. Ego

.Super ego

ID- Desires , wants and needs like hunger, thirst, sex, and others

- Driven by pleasure

EGO- The rational part of a person

- Reality principle to satisfy needs of the ID and the morality or the super ego.

SUPEREGO- part of the mind act as reconcions and moral compass.

- Ability to feel pride in our compliments and guilt.

BEHAVIORAL THEORY

- Learned through previous experienced

Behavioral perspective

1. Classical conditioning
 2. Operant Conditioning
3. Cognitively mediated behavioral Theory
4. Functional contextualism

1. Classical Conditioning – developed by Ivan Pavlov – It I’d unconscious or automatic

learning
Classical Conditioning relating to crime
- Any stimuli present at the time of violent crime, stimuli will produce fear, anxiety, and
other negative emotions.

AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR- Most common response to crime related conditioned stimuli is avoidance
behavior

2. Operant conditioning – behavior is learned and reinforced by rewards or punishment

BHURRUS FREDRIC SKINNER- Developed the operant conditioning Theory. Believed that humans
behave the way they do was to look at what causes an action and it’s consequences.

The law of effect principle (Edward Thorndericke)

2 key aspects

1. Behaviors that are associated with punishment are less likely to be repeated
2. Behaviors associated with reward are more likely to be repeated

Components of operant conditioning

A. Reinforcements- Strengthens, maximize a behavior.
B. Punishment – weakens, decreases a behavior
POSITIVE – Something added to increase or decrease
NEGATIVE – Something removed to increase or decrease.

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING – Learning that observing and modeling other individual

ALBERT BANDURA- - Bobo dolls studies observational learning

Conditions for observational learning

1. Attention – attention to something in the environment
2. Retention – Observer must also to retain or remember
3. Reproduction – Observer must be able to perform the behavior
4. Motivation – requires degree of personal motivation

3. Cognitive Theory
- Explain human behavior by understanding the thought