Biosocial theory - Freud

- Onset of anti social behaviors - Forces outside of a person’s awareness

- Na iinherit ang pagiging criminal explain why they behave a certain
- Hormonal levels: may effect sa both - Early childhood experience
genders- affect criminal behaviors - Id, ego, superego
Biochemical Factors Psychosexual stages of human development
1. Food allergies - Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
2. Diet stages
3. Hypoglycemia - Libido-sexual drive
4. Hormones Behavioral theory
- High testosterone leads to aggression - Responses sa each situation
Neurological dysfunction - Behavior on each situation
- Brain dysfunction - Observable behaviors
1. Hyperactive - The seen behaviors
2. Poor attention span - John B. Watson
3. Temper tantrums - 2 types ( methodological behaviorism
4. Aggressiveness and radical)
- All of us have brain dysfunction kaso Cognitive theory
yung sa iba minimal lang and hindi - Our behavior is the product of how we
evident think, because of how we perceived
Arousal Theory things
- Level of satisfaction - Actions based sa perception natin
- Satisfaction of one person, nagcracrave - the way we think leads to criminal
for more behavior
- Pag mababa yung arousal nag lelead - Jean William Fritz Piaget- Cogitive
siya sa criminality( drugs--- tama pag development
iisip) 1. Sensorimotor- pinapakita physically
Latent trait theory 2. Pre operational- imitation
- Hidden behavior 3. Concrete operational
The jukes family 4. Formal operation- reasonings, they
- Juks and kallikaks are just their alias try to justify
Somatotypes theory
- System of classification
- Physical attributes
- Ernest kretschmer
3 principle of body physics
1. Aesthenis Lifestyle theory of victimization
2. Athletic - Victims of crimes and their lifestyle and
3. Pykmic- bipolar choices
William H. Sheldon Jr. General and Specific deterrence theory
1. Endomorph- property crime General- ipunish para di gayahin ng iba
2. Mesomorph Specifc- specifically preventing crimes
3. Ectomorph- aggressive-murder
Certainty
Incapacitation theory - Sureness of punishment
- Isolation of criminals Celerity ( swiftness)
- Criminals are sent to prison--- criminal - How quickly an individual is punish
rate should go down after commiting crimes
Psychological theories- unconscious forces Victim precipitation theory
- Victim mismo ang may gawa
Psychodynamic theory
 - Provocation: provoke criminals to model their behavior after violent acts of
commit crimes adults
- Hans Von Hentig Social learning and violence
Active precipitation 1. Family members
- Victims are pro active, use threats, fight 2. Environmental experience
words or even attacks 3. Mass media
Passive precipitation Alternative Theory
- Walang ginagawa -because we have a negative society
Physiognomy - crime happens because of isolation,
- Use to identify face of crminals anomie
- Pag may defects: criminal na - Weighing of benefits and
- Facial features to identify criminality consequences
- facial reading--- give us understanding Psychological- related to mental and emotional
of humanity and human nature state
- Johan Kasper lavatera- father of Sociological- sociology; study of socities and
physiognomy how human act in a group
Phrenology Isolation- state of being in a place or situation
- Base sa laki ng skull that is separated from others
- Pag Malaki- matalino- di nagcocommit Anonymity- condition of being anonymous,
ng crimes and pag maliit naman yung mask
skull vice versa
- Study of skull
- Franz Joseph Gall
- Shape of skull has a relationship with Anomie theory
criminality - Emile Durkheim
Nature theory - Lack of social or ethical standards
- Intelligence is inherited genetically - Normlessness
- the higher the level of intelligence the Mechanical solidarity
lower the chance to commit crimes - Based sa pagkakapareho ng mga tao
Nurture Theory Organic Solidarity
- intelligence naiinherit because of our - Being independent
environment Moral Development Theory
Psychometry- explains the relationship - Crimes exist because they have low
intelligence and crimes moral reasonings
Rational choice theory - Main point: may crime kase not all of us
- maslow’s hierarchy of needs reach the post conventional stages
- free will, personal choice Level 1: pre conventional morality
- it exist because people choose to - Follows rules to avoid punishment
commit crimes Level 2: Convention Morality
Routine activity theory - Uphold laws
- Lawrence E. Cohen - Believe that there is a social system
- May mga crimes kase may mga tao ba Level 3: Post convention morality
gusto mabiktima (araw araw, lifestyle - Deepest moral reasons
nila) - We believe now in justice
Social Learning Theory Differential Association Theory
- Can be acquired by observing and - Edwin Sutherland
imitating others - Interaction sa other people
- Albert S. bandura - Criminal behavior is learned through
- Claimed that people learn to act interaction
aggressively when, as children they Differential reinforcement Theory
- Ronald Akers
 - Reward/punishment 3. Working class zone- single family
- We reward a good behavior and punish tenements
the bad one 4. Residential zone- yards/ garages
Eysenck’s conditioning theory 5. Commuter zone- mayayaman kase
- Hans J. Eysenck afford nila
3 dimensions Social Disorganized theory
1. Psychotism-aggresiveness, ego - Di maayos
centric and impulsive - Pag disorganized, you are being pushed
2. Extroversion- sensation seeking to commit crime
3. Neuroticism- low self esteem General strain theory
Maternal deprivation Theory - Removal of positivist stimuli and
- Absence of a mother and yung effect presentation of negative stimuli
and impact niya
- Kulang nap ag alaga ng ina sa anak Cultural Deviance theory
Effects/ consequences - Clifford Shaw and Henry Mckay
1. Delinquency - Combination of strain and social
2. Reduced intel disorganization
3. Increased aggression - They make their own culture
4. Depression Relative depravation theory
Intergenerational transmission theory - Deprived
- Helps to explain the way in which - Poor and rich
children growing up in a violent family - Division of poor and rich people
- Family is a training ground - Judith Blau
Anti social Theory - Cultural disparity: racism- division of
-mental disorder white and black
Integrated Theories Deliquence Sub culture theory
- Interaction of genes and environments - Kabataan na di machieve yung dreams
- Connection of psychological, biological and goals nila
and social factors - Status frustration: walang capacity na
Social Structure Theory machieve yung dreams
- Mahirap/mayaman 1. Corner boy- most common response to
- Middle, high and low class middle class rejection
- Lack of opportunities- absence of legal 2. College boy- pursue yung goal
opportunities 3. Delinquent boy- youth in general,
Strain Theory kabataan na mag commit ng crime
- All of us have one goal Differential opportunity theory
- Kaso di lahat hindi legal means para - Strate: all classes of society
makamit yun 3 types of gangs
- Robert K. Merton 1. Criminal gangs
5 modes of adaptation 2. Conflict gang
1. Conformity 3. Retreatist gang
2. Innovation Differential Association theory
3. Ritualism - On how people learn criminality
4. Retreatism - Edwin Sutherland
5. rebellion - “birds of the same feather flocks
Concentric zone theory together”
- Social structure extend outward from 1. Criminal behavior is not inherited but
central learned
1. Central business district 2. Communication
2. Transitional zone- where low class 3. Criminal behavior occurs within
people live intimate personal groups
 4. Criminal behavior includes techniques
in committing crimes
5. Behavior is learned from legal codes
6. Excess definition favorable to violation
of law
7. Frequency priority
8. Rooted in
9. Same needs and values
Containment theory
- Contain means to hold something and to
be able to control
- Walter reckless
- Contain the emotion
2 components
1. Inner containment- within youself
2. Outer containment- application of
social norms. Surround people na
nakakabuti sayo
Social Bond theory
- Also called as social control theory
- Travis W. Hirschi
- Lahat tayo may chance maging criminal
pero malilimit dahil sa mga kasama
natin ( ayaw naten mawala yung
relationship natin nay un and ayaw natin
madamage yung relationship sa kanila)
4 elements
1. Attachment
2. Commitment
3. Involvement
4. Belief
Social reaction theory/ labelling theory
-Howard S. becker
- words are meaningful and powerful
Consequences of Labeling
1. Stigmatization
2. Self labelling
3. Self fulfilling prophecy
Primary And Secondary deviance
- Deviance: behavior that violates social
norms and disapproved by the majority
of the people of the society
Primary deviance: violation of norms and
the violators are not being labeled
Secondary deviance: violation of law and
violators are being labelled and stigmatized
Theory of Karl Marx
- Product of law policies
- Criminality and inequities found in the
capitalism system
- Everything is controlled by capitalist-
they control the CJS
Marxist Theory
- Higher class or ruling class- di ka lang
dapat mayaman pero dapat you hold a
power
- Can be associated with the song tatsulok
2 components
1. Productive forces- resources na
kailangan
2. Productive relations- relationship among
people producing goods and services
Biopsychosocial model of crime causation
- Combination of 3 factors
- 1. Biological: born criminals
- 2. Psychological: we do not share the
same way of thinking
- 3. Sociological:
Moral Insanity
- Insane-baliw
- Example: Isabelle Guzman( 18 years
old, 79 stabbed wound sa mother niya)
- Criminal responsibility: not responsible
of their crime
Bonger’s Theory
- Friedrich engel
- Crime is a social product
- Crime: may demoralization collapse,
dahil naabuso sila ng mayayaman
Neutralization Theory
- Justify his own delinquent actions
1. Denial victim- dinadahilanan yung
actions niya
2. Condemnation of condemmers- higher
class takes advantage
3. Appeal to higher loyalties
4. Denial of responsibility- deny yung
actions mo
5. Denial of injury
Premenstrual Syndrome
- Women
- Irritability , anxiety, emotional liability,
depression
Battered woman syndrome
- Henry Kempe
- Collection of injuries and traumas from
guardian
- A pattern of serious and unexplained
abuse
Marxist criminology 3. Family
- Karl Marx 4. Poverty
- Is a product of capitalism Desistance: pag pigil, realization of a person
- Criminals come from a third class in who commit criminality
society. Who would play no decisive Interactional theory
role in the expected revolution - Pag nagkakaroon ng di maayos na
Proletariat- workers interaction sa tao sa society
Bourgeoisie- owner of production - How you interact with other people can
Elements of gov lead to criminality
1. Government Age graded theory
2. Law - aging out process- as they grow older
3. Education - used the concept of trajectories,
4. Religion transition and turning point
Conflict theory - it is either your personality will increase
- Outcome of Class struggle: pag nagsama or decrease
sama yung high, middle and lower class 1. decisions
Social reality 2. opportunities
- Those who hold power create laws to 3. choices
benefit themselves 4. impact criminal behavior
Left realism theory Social development model
- Inequality sa society - how people develop emotional and
social skills
- pag tanda ng bata is nakabase sa
Institutive- constitutive Theory elements ng socialization nila
- Define crime as a application harm to General theory of crime
others - low self control
- Crimes of inequality and injustices Differential coercion theory
Post modern theory - pinipilit gawin yung mga bagay dahil sa
- Crime is a product of use of power takot
Radicalism 1. interpersonal coercion
- Changing the bulok na system into a 2. impersonal coercion- beyond
good ones individual control.
Right radicalism: moral deterioration-
normlessness
Leftism radicalism: contradiction in the
structuring of capitalist liberal democracy
Identity fusion theory
- Personal identity
- Fusion that happens
- Pagahhalo halo ng characteristics ng
mga tao sa isang group
- The blending of an individual person-
nagiging isa na yung behavior niyo ng
mga kasama mo
Life course theory
- Life stages progress
- Life stages of a person leads to criminal
behavior stages
- Dynamic process: is a changing process
1. Maladaptive personality traits
2. Educational failure