RECAP on CHAPTER 10

ELECTRIC CURRENT ∧MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

Review Exercise (TB)

In which direction do electrons flow in a conductor?
Electrons flow from the place of lower potential to the place of
higher potential in a conductor.
The direction of flow of electrons is opposite to that of electric
current.
Name some electrical appliances which apply heating
effect of current.
Electric stove, electric iron and immersion heater are electrical
appliances which apply heating effect of current.
How can the electric current be kept flowing inside a
conductor?
Conductor contains a large number of free electrons. If the
potential difference is established between the two ends of
conductor, electrons flow from the end of lower potential to that
of higher potential because the electric field exerts a force F=qE
upon them. Electric current flow from a point of higher potential
to that of lower potential.
Two wires of equal lengths, one of copper and the another
of manganin (alloy of copper, manganese and nickel) have
the same resistance. Which wire will be thicker? (resistivity
of mangnin is greater than that of copper)
l Cu =l alloy , RCu =Ralloy , ρ alloy > ρCu
RCu =Ralloy

ρCu l Cu ρalloy l alloy

=
ACu A alloy
ρCu l Cu ρalloy l alloy
2
= 2
πr Cu π r alloy

ρCu ρalloy
2
= 2
r Cu r alloy

Since ρ alloy > ρCu ,r alloy >r Cu

∴ manganin wire will be thicker .

If a wire is stretched to double its original length, how will

the resistivity and resistance of the wire be affected?
If a wire is stretched to double its original length, the resistivity
will no change but resistance will be increase.
Why are the resistors used in the electric circuit?
The resistors used to control the electric current flowing in the
electric circuit.
Name two types of resistor.
Fixed resistors and variable resistors (rheostats).
When the parallel combination of two resistors having
different resistances is connected to a battery, which
resistor will draw the greater current?
Since two resistors R and R are connected in parallel, the
1 2

potential difference between their ends is the same.

I 1 R1=I 2 R 2

If R > R , I > I
1 2 2 1
Therefore, the resistor having lower resistance will draw the
greater current.
Draw the diagram to show that resistance of 20Ω and 12.5
Ω can be obtained by using one 10Ω resistor and two 5Ω
resistors.
To obtain 20Ω To obtain 12.5Ω
5Ω
10Ω 5Ω 5Ω
10Ω
5Ω

In which type of devices use solenoid?

Electric bell, electric motor and relay use solenoid.
Why can a current carrying solenoid be considered as a bar
magnet?
The magnetic field of a solenoid is identical to that of a bar
magnet. Therefore, a current carrying solenoid be considered as
a bar magnet.
Name three devices which use the electromagnet.
Electric bell, circuit breaker, magnetic relay.
Draw a diagram for a device consisting of electromagnet.

Why is necessary for a shunt of an ammeter to have a very

low resistance?
It is necessary a shunt of an ammeter to have a very low
resistance. The greater current will flow through shunt while a
small current will flow galvanometer coil.
Ammeter should have low resistance so that it doesn't change the
main current in the circuit. Ammeter can measure the accurate
current.
Practice (TG)
Making electromagnet
- Wrap the insulated wire around a soft iron nail
- Connect two ends of the wire with a battery (1.5V dry cell)
- Finding that steel paper clips cling to nail.
- Observe that magnet is stringer using a battery of higher
- voltage and wrapping more turns of wire
Relation of the light intensity of electric bulb between electric
potential difference (voltage) and current
- connect one1.5 V dry cell to a light bulb
- connect two1.5 V dry cell in series to a light bulb
- connect two1.5 V dry cell in parallel to a light bulb
- Compare the intensity of light in these cases
- Draw a schematic circuit diagram
- Note that intensity of light bulb is a measure of current
flowing through it
- Discuss how brightness is affected by number of batteries
in series or in parallel
- Discuss the advantages of two light bulbs connected in both
series and parallel combination which is connected to a
battery.
Creation of electromagnet
- Wrap tightly a wire around a nail 20 times to make a wire
loop. Connect the wire to dry cell.
- Test strength of the electromagnet.
- Wrap more turns of wire and test strength again.
- Place and record the pole by placing compass near one end
of electromagnet.
- What happen if the terminals of dry cell is reversed.

Review and assessments (TG)

Name five electric appliances in which effects of current is
used.
Electric stove, electric iron, electric bell, circuit breaker, electric
motor
Why are two conducting wires from a voltage source
connected to an electrical device?
Two conducting wires from a voltage source are connected to an
electrical device to maintain the potential across the electrical
devices.
When the voltage across a resistor is double, what happens
to (i) the current flowing through it (ii) the resistance?
(i)The current flowing through it is double (ii) If temperature is
constant, the resistance is remained constant
What happen to the current in an electric circuit when the
resistance of a rheostat in electric circuit increase?
The current in an electric circuit decrease.
Three resistors R =1 Ω , R =2 Ω∧R =2 Ω are connected in parallel.
1 2 3

The parallel connection is attached to 3V voltage source.

What is the equivalent resistance? Find the current supplied
by the source to parallel circuit. Calculate the current in
each resistor and show that these add together to equal the
current output of the source.
1 1 1 1
Using + + = , R=0.5 Ω
R 1 R 2 R3 R

Using V=IR, I=6A, I1=3A, I2=I3= 1.5A

What will happen if we use steel core instead of soft iron in
a circuit breaker? Explain.
Because of too high current, electromagnet pulls the iron
armature and contacts open then stop current. After the fault has
been identified and repairing, it cannot be reset because steel
core has become permanent magnet and attracting the iron
armature and should not release.
A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of 2.5 Ω and
give a full scale deflection when a current of 10mA pass
through it, how would you modify it?
−2
RG =2.5 Ω ,i=10 mA =1 ×10 A

To act as ammeter, current reading I = 2A

i 1 ×10−2 2.5 ×10−2 −2
r= RG = ×2.5= =1.256 ×10 Ω
I −i ( 2−1 ×10 )
−2
1.99

A shunt of 1.256 ×10 −2

Ωis connected in parallel with galvanometer.
To act as a voltmeter, voltage reading V=5V.
V 5
R= −RG = −2.5=497.5 Ω
i 1× 10
−2

A resistance of 497.5 Ω should be connected in series with

galvanometer.
3. 1200C, 7.5x1022
4. B
5. the resistance of wire changes eight times of former value.
l
6. the piece of copper 2 and 4A will have minimum resistance

7. the ratio of radii is 1.03

8. (i) 0.515Ω (ii) 0.032 Ω
9. 40 Ω
10. 2500°C
11. 2.87x10-4 m
16. (i) 0.1 Ω (ii) 19980 Ω
17. (i) 0.1 Ω (ii) 7475 Ω