LET

Talk COMPREHENSIVE
Outline REVIEW
General Education-
MATHEMATICS
PRE-TEST
1. What is the average of A, B, C?

a. ABC/3
b. (A+B+C)/3
c. 3 (A+B+C)
d. ABC/A+B+C
1. What is the average of A, B, C?

a. ABC/3
b. (A+B+C)/3
c. 3 (A+B+C)
d. ABC/A+B+C
2. Which of the following has the LEAST
numerical value?

a. 11/12
b. 6/8
c. 5/7
d. ¾
e. 10/11
2. Which of the following has the LEAST
numerical value?

a. 11/12
b. 6/8
c. 5/7
d. ¾
e. 10/11
Solutions:

11/12= 11 ÷ 12= 0.916

6/8= 6 ÷ 8= 0.75

5/7= 5 ÷ 7= 0.714

¾= 3 ÷ 4= 0.75

10/11= 10 ÷ 11= 0.909

3. If 2 apples cost ₱25.00, how many
apples can be purchased for ₱100.00?
a. 8 apples
b. ½ dozen
c. 2 dozens
d. 1 ½ dozens
e. none of these
3. If 2 apples cost ₱25.00, how many
apples can be purchased for ₱100.00?
a. 8 apples
b. ½ dozen
c. 2 dozens
d. 1 ½ dozens
e. none of these
Solutions:

₱25.00= ₱12.50 ₱100.00 = 8

2 12.50
4. If 2 tablespoon= 1 liquid oz., and 5
tablespoon=1/4 cup, then, How many liquid
ounces are there in one cup?
a. 4 ounces
b. 8 ounces
c. 16 ounces
d. 24 ounces
e. none of these
4. If 2 tablespoon= 1 liquid oz., and 5
tablespoon=1/4 cup, then, How many liquid
ounces are there in one cup?
a. 4 ounces
b. 8 ounces
c. 16 ounces
d. 24 ounces
e. none of these
Solutions:

¼= 5 tbs 4 (1/4)= 5 (4) 1 oz = 2 tbs

4/4= 20
1= 20 tbs./2 tbs
= 10 oz.
5. 2 is what percent of 5?

a. 25%
b. 38%
c. 40%
d. 35%
e. 45%
5. 2 is what percent of 5?

a. 25%
b. 38%
c. 40%
d. 35%
e. 45%
Solutions:
5(X)= 2

5 X/5= 2/5

2 ÷ 5= 0.40

X= 0.40 (100)

=40%
6. Five (5) average office workers earn a total average
monthly salary of ₱10,000. If the average monthly salary
of two of these workers total ₱ 4,000.00 what is the
average monthly income of each of the remaining three
workers?
a. ₱ 6,000.00
b. ₱ 2, 000.00
c. ₱ 2, 500.00
d. ₱ 4,000.00
e. none of these
6. Five (5) average office workers earn a total average
monthly salary of ₱10,000. If the average monthly salary
of two of these workers total ₱ 4,000.00 what is the
average monthly income of each of the remaining three
workers?
a. ₱ 6,000.00
b. ₱ 2, 000.00
c. ₱ 2, 500.00
d. ₱ 4,000.00
e. none of these
Solutions:

₱10,000/5 = 2,000 per person

₱10,000- 4,000 = 6,000

₱6,000/3 = ₱ 2, 000.00
7. How many hectares are there in a field
measuring 980m wide and 1, 300m long?

a. 120 ha
b. 128 ha
c. 115 ha
d. 100 ha
e. 127.4 ha
7. How many hectares are there in a field
measuring 980m wide and 1, 300m long?

a. 120 ha
b. 128 ha
c. 115 ha
d. 100 ha
e. 127.4 ha
Solutions:

980 m 1,274,000 = 127.4 ha 10,000 sqm = 1 ha

x 1300 m 10,000
=1, 274,000 sqm
8. 3.54 is multiplied by 10 to the fifth
power, what would be the value?

a. 3.054
b. 30.54
c. 305.40
d. 35,400
e. 354,000
8. 3.54 is multiplied by 10 to the fifth
power, what would be the value?

a. 3.054
b. 30.54
c. 305.40
d. 35,400
e. 354,000
Solutions:

= 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10= 100,000

100,000 x 3.54= 354,000

9. If the short hand of the clock is at 4, what
is the degree of it`s angle?

a. 90
b. 120
c. 130
d. 150
e. 110
9. If the short hand of the clock is at 4, what
is the degree of it`s angle?

a. 90
b. 120
c. 130
d. 150
e. 110
Solutions:

3hrs = right angle at 90 degrees

90= 30 deg./hr
3

4hrs= 90 deg.
90 deg. + 30 deg = 120 degrees.
10. There are two numbers whose sum is 48.
One of the numbers is greater by 6. What are
the numbers?

a. 23, 24
b. 21, 27
c. 22, 26
d. 23, 26
e. 20,28
10. There are two numbers whose sum is 48.
One of the numbers is greater by 6. What are
the numbers?

a. 23, 24
b. 21, 27
c. 22, 26
d. 23, 26
e. 20,28
Solutions:

x=1st number
x+6= 2nd number

x + (x + 6)= 48 1st no.= 21

2x= 48- 6 2nd no. 21 + 6= 27
= 42/2
=21
11. Add: 17 5/8 + 21 3/4+ = ?

a. 38 3/8
b. 39 3/8
c. 39 4/8
d. 38 4/8
e. 36 4/8
11. Add: 17 5/8 + 21 3/4+ = ?

a. 38 3/8
b. 39 3/8
c. 39 4/8
d. 38 4/8
e. 36 4/8
Solutions:

1. Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction

17 5/8= 141/8 21 ¾= 87/4

(8 x 17 +5)= 141 (4 x 21 + 3) = 87

2. Use least common denominator (LCD) and add numerators.

141 + 87/8 = 315

=315/ 8
=39 3/8
12. My uncle`s weight is two times that of my
nephew. My aunt`s weight is half that of my
nephew. What is the total weight of the three?.
Which of the following formulae will apply for the
correct answer?
a. 𝑥3 + 2 ½
b. ½ + 3x
c. (2x) + (x) + (1/2x)
d. 2x + ½ 𝑥 2
12. My uncle`s weight is two times that of my
nephew. My aunt`s weight is half that of my
nephew. What is the total weight of the three?.
Which of the following formulae will apply for the
correct answer?
a. 𝑥3 + 2 ½
b. ½ + 3x
c. (2x) + (x) + (1/2x)
d. 2x + ½ 𝑥 2
Solutions:

Let X= weight of nephew

2x= uncle weight
½ x= aunt`s weight
13. 2 ¾ of ₱100 is equal to

a. 6/4 x 100
b. 11/4 x 100
c. 11/4 + 100
d. 6/4 + 100
e. none of these
13. 2 ¾ of ₱100 is equal to

a. 6/4 x 100
b. 11/4 x 100
c. 11/4 + 100
d. 6/4 + 100
e. none of these
Solutions:

Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction:

2 ¾ = (2 x 4 + 3) = 11
2 ¾ = 11/4 x 100
14. Which of the following fraction is < than
1/3?
a. 22/13
b. 15/46
c. 4/11
d. 33/98
e. 103/203
14. Which of the following fraction is < than
1/3?
a. 22/13
b. 15/46
c. 4/11
d. 33/98
e. 103/203
Solutions:
22/13= 22 ÷ 13= 1.692

15/46= 15 ÷ 46= 0.326 < 1/3= 1 ÷3 = 0.333

4/11= 4 ÷ 11= 0.363

33/98= 33 ÷ 98= 0.336

103/203= 103 ÷ 203= 0.507

1/3= 1 ÷3 = 0.333
15. In 1 ½ hours, the minute hand of a clock
rotates through an angle of how many degrees?

a. 60
b. 90
c. 180
d. 360
e. 540
15. In 1 ½ hours, the minute hand of a clock
rotates through an angle of how many degrees?

a. 60
b. 90
c. 180
d. 360
e. 540
Solutions:

1hr = complete rotation ½ hr or 30 minutes =1 ½ hrs

= 360 degrees =360 degrees. = 360+ 180

=360 ÷ 2 = 540 degrees

=180 degrees.
16. When the fractions 2/3, 5/7, 8/11 and 9/13
are arranged in an ascending order, the result
would be?
a. 8/11, 5/7, 9/13, 2/3
b. 5/7, 8/11, 2/3, 9/13
c. 2/3, 8/11, 5/7, 9/13
d. 2/3, 9/13, 5/7, 8/11
e. 9/13, 2/3, 8/11, 5/7
16. When the fractions 2/3, 5/7, 8/11 and 9/13
are arranged in an ascending order, the result
would be?
a. 8/11, 5/7, 9/13, 2/3
b. 5/7, 8/11, 2/3, 9/13
c. 2/3, 8/11, 5/7, 9/13
d. 2/3, 9/13, 5/7, 8/11
e. 9/13, 2/3, 8/11, 5/7
Solutions:

2/3= .666

9/13= .692

5/7= .714

8/11= .727
17. ADD: 48.63 + 96.28 + 436.45 + .2385 =?

a. 581.60
b. 581.5985
c. 581.5990
d. 581.5986
e. 581.59
17. ADD: 48.63 + 96.28 + 436.45 + .2385 =?

a. 581.60
b. 581.5985
c. 581.5990
d. 581.5986
e. 581.59
Solutions:

436.45 581.36
+ 96.28 + .2385
48.63 =581. 5985
= 581.36
18. 15 is 20% of what number?

a. 75
b. 78
c. 80
d. 70
e. 72
18. 15 is 20% of what number?

a. 75
b. 78
c. 80
d. 70
e. 72
Solutions:

20x/100 =15/1 20/100 x X= 15

x=15 x 100/20
=15x100
= 1500/20
=75
19. 7 is 5 percent of what number?

a. 120
b. 125
c. 145
d. 140
e. 150
19. 7 is 5 percent of what number?

a. 120
b. 125
c. 145
d. 140
e. 150
Solutions:

5/100 =7/X 5/100 x X= 7

x=7 x 100/5
=7x100
7=5% x n = 700/5
5n=7
N=7/5
N=1.4 or 140 =140
20. The ratio of two numbers is 5:3 and
their difference is 20. What are the
numbers?
a. 50, 30
b. 55, 35
c. 40, 60
d. 45, 65
e. 50, 70
20. The ratio of two numbers is 5:3 and
their difference is 20. What are the
numbers?
a. 50, 30
b. 55, 35
c. 40, 60
d. 45, 65
e. 50, 70
Solutions:

Let n= common factor

5n- 3n= 20 5n = 5(10)= 50
2n= 20 3n= 3 (10)= 30
n= 20/2 50-30=20
n= 10 20=20
21. The ratio of two number is 16:33. The larger
number is 264. What is the smaller number?

a. 131
b. 130
c. 129
d. 128
e. 127
21. The ratio of two number is 16:33. The larger
number is 264. What is the smaller number?

a. 131
b. 130
c. 129
d. 128
e. 127
Solutions:

Let n= common factor

33n=264/33 16n = 33n

n= 8 16 (8)= 33 (8)
128= 264
22. ¾ of 100 is equal to 5 times what
number?

a. 10
b. 75
c. 25
d. 5
e. none of these
22. ¾ of 100 is equal to 5 times what
number?

a. 10
b. 75
c. 25
d. 5
e. none of these
Solutions:

¾ of 100=75

75=5x

75/5=X/5

15=X
23. What is the smallest positive number which,
when it is divided by 3, 4 or 5, will leave a
remainder of 2?
a. 42
b. 22
c. 62
d. 122
e. 182
23. What is the smallest positive number which,
when it is divided by 3, 4 or 5, will leave a
remainder of 2?
a. 42
b. 22
c. 62
d. 122
e. 182
Solutions:

smallest positive number that could be divided

by 3, 4 or 5

3 x 4 x 5= 60
60 + 2 = 62
24. Which of the following number has the
largest numerical value?

a. (3 + 3 + 3) to 3rd power
b. (3 x 3) to 3rd power
c. (4 x 3 x 3) to 2nd power
d. 3 cube + 3 square
e. (3 x 3) square
24. Which of the following number has the
largest numerical value?

a. (3 + 3 + 3) to 3rd power
b. (3 x 3) to 3rd power
c. (4 x 3 x 3) to 2nd power
d. 3 cube + 3 square
e. (3 x 3) square
Solutions:

a. (3 + 3 + 3) to 3rd power= 729

b. (3 x 3) to 3rd power= 729
c. (4 x 3 x 3) to 2nd power= 1296
d. 3 cube + 3 square= 36
e. (3 x 3) square= 81
25. Eight percent of 36 is 72% of what
number?
a. 2.06
b. 2.88
c. 3.24
d. 4
e. 40
25. Eight percent of 36 is 72% of what
number?
a. 2.06
b. 2.88
c. 3.24
d. 4
e. 40
Solutions:

72% x= 8% (36)
72% x= 2.88
72x= 2.88/.72
X=4
26.Which of the following has the greatest
value?

a. 6/10
b. 8/12
c. 17/24
d. 9/14
e. 7/9
26.Which of the following has the greatest
value?

a. 6/10
b. 8/12
c. 17/24
d. 9/14
e. 7/9
Solutions:

a. 6/10 = 6
b. 8/12 = 66
c. 17/24 = 70
d. 9/14 = 64
e. 7/9 = 77
27. If 25% of 50% of 80 is 10, then ¼ of
5/10 of 80 is
a. 40
b. 20
c. 15
d. 10
e. none of these
27. If 25% of 50% of 80 is 10, then ¼ of
5/10 of 80 is
a. 40
b. 20
c. 15
d. 10
e. none of these
Solutions:

Let X= 5/10 (80) ¼ (5/10) (80)

X=400/10 ¼ (40)
X= 40 =10
28. What number is 35 more than 70?

a. 105
b. 135
c. 170
d. 185
28. What number is 35 more than 70?

a. 105
b. 135
c. 170
d. 185
Solutions:

Let X= the number

70+35= 105
29. The number is 15 less 7; when added
to ten, what will the number be?

a. 28
b. 18
c. 17
d. 15
29. The number is 15 less 7; when added
to ten, what will the number be?

a. 28
b. 18
c. 17
d. 15
Solutions:

Let X= the number

X= (15-7)+ 10
X=18
30. What is -2 + (-3.1) + (-02)

a. -.512
b. 5.012
c. 0.512
d. -5.12
e. -5.012
30. What is -2 + (-3.1) + (-02)

a. -.512
b. 5.012
c. 0.512
d. -5.12
e. -5.012
Solutions:

Adding nos. with the same sign: the sign of the sum is the
same as the sign of the nos. being added.
-2 + (-3.1) = -5.1
-5.1 + (-02)
= -5.1
+ -02
-5.12
LET COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW

General Education-
MATHEMATICS
MAJOR
Series of Operation
As a general rule, in simplifying a mathematical expression that
involves series of operations, we apply the P-E-MD-AS rule:

Parentheses 1st priority

Exponents 2nd priority
Multiplication and Division 3rd priority
Addition and Subtraction 4th priority

In doing multiplication and division, which ever operation comes

first from the leftmost part of the expression should be done first.
Same rule applies for addition and substraction.
Example:

operate first the expression inside the parentheses

then get the square of the result
do the division
followed by the multiplication
add the first two integers
the finally substract the remaining integer.
Addition and Substraction of Integers

In adding numbers with like signs, we simply

assume the sign of the integers then we add the
numerical values of the integers.

Example:
10 + 7 = 17 (-3) + (-8) = -11
Addition and Substraction of Integers

In adding numbers with unlike signs, we

assume the sign of the integer with the larger
numerical value then we subtract the smaller
numerical value from the larger one.
Example:
13 + (-5) = 8 (-12) + 9 = -3
Addition and Substraction of Integers

In subtracting integers, change the sign of the

integer preceded by the minus sign and then add
the integers.
Example:
(-2) -7= (-2) + (-7) = -9

8- (-9)= 8 + 9 = 17
Multiplicaton and Division of Integers
In multiplying and dividing integers with like
signs, the result is always a positive integer.

Example:
5 x 3 = 15 (-6) x (-7)= 42

24 ÷ 8= 3 (-36) ÷ (-9)= 4
Multiplicaton and Division of Integers
In multiplying and dividing integers with unlike
signs, the result is always a negative integer.

Example:
5 x (-3) = -15 (-6) x 7= -42

(-24) ÷ 8= -3 36 ÷ (-9)= -4
Power of an Integer
When a negative integer is being raised to an exponent, the power
of the integer is positive when the exponent is even and negative
when the exponent is odd.

Example:

2
Power of an Integer
When the negative sign is not part of the integer being raised to an
exponent, the power remains negative regardless if the exponent is
odd or even.

Example:

2
2
 Prime Factorization
A prime number is a counting number whose factors
are only 1 and itself. if a counting number is not prime,
then it is composite. Only the numbers 0 and 1 are
considered neither prime nor composite.

Prime factorization is a process of breaking down a

number into factors untill all the factors are prime.
 Prime Factorization
Example:
Least Common Multiple and Greatest Common Factor

In order to easily identify the LCM or the GCF of a set of numbers,

we can apply prime factorization.

To get the LCM, align the prime factor numbers and list down each
common prime factor only once then multiply all the listed prime
factors.

To get the GCF, identify the prime factor that is common to all the
given numbers. in case two or more prime factors are common, simply
get the product of the common prime factors to get the GCF.
Least Common Multiple and Greatest Common Factor
Example:
 Conversion of Units in the Metric System
In converting units in the metric system, we have to first familiarize
ourselves with the metric prefixes and their corresponding equivalent
values:
Prefix kilo- hecto- deka- deci- centi- milli-

Symbol k h da d c m

Value 1 000 100 10 1/10 or 0.1 1/100 or 1/1000 or

0.01 0.001
 Since the metric conversion uses the powers of 10, we can use this
in converting metric units following a certain pattern:

From Larger to Smaller Unit (multiply by 10)

kilo hecto deka deci centi milli

v v v v v

*The number of times you moved either to the From Smaller to Larger Unit (devide by 10)
left or to the right is also the number of tiimes
you have divide or multiply respectively the
given unit of measure.
Points, Lines, and Planes
The number of line segments formed from n distinct number of
collinear points can be obtained by the formula n(n-1), and this
2
formula can also be used in computing for the number of distinct
angles formed by n number of non-collinear rays that have a common
endpoint.
On the other hand, the number of rays formed can be
computed using the formula 2(n-1) where n is the number of collinear
points.
Points, Lines, and Planes
Example:
How many line segments and rays can be formed from 5 collinear
points?
segments = 5 (5 - 1) = 5 (4) = 10
2 2

rays = 2 (5 - 1) = 2 (4) = 8
Points, Lines, and Planes
Example:
How many distinct angles can be formed from 4 non collinear rays?

angles = 4 (4 - 1) = 4 (3) = 6
2 2
 Points, Lines, and Planes
The number of distinct triangles can be formed from a given
polygon with n number of sides can be obtained using formula n-2,
while the number of diagonals can be computed by the formula n(n-
3).
Example: 2
How many triangles and diagonals can be formed from an
octagon?

triangles = 8 - 2 = 6

diagonals = 8 (8 - 3) = 8 (5) = 20
2 2
Angles and Angle Measure
Two angles are said to be complementary if the sum of their
measures is equal to 90 degrees. On the other hand, supplementary
angles are angles whose sum of measures is 180 degrees.
Two angles form a linear pair if they are adjacent ang they form a
straight angle. Thus, angles that form a linear pair are supplementary.
C

ABC and CBD form a linear

A D pair.
B
Angles and Angle Measure
Vertical angles are non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting
lines. The measures of vertical angles are equal.

M P
MOP and NOQ are vertical
O
MON and POQ are vertical

N Q
Triangles
A triangle is a three-sided polygon. It has three vertices, three
interior angles, and three exterior angles.

The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180

degrees. The sum of the measures of its exterior angles, same with
other polygons, is equal to 360 degrees.

A scalene triangle is a triangle wherein no two sides are equal in

length. An isosceles triangle is a triangle that has at least two sides
congruent. An equilateral triangle is a triangle wherein all sides are equal
in lenght.
Triangles
An acute triangle whose interior angles are all acute. A triangle is
said to be obtuse when one of its interior angles is an obtuse angle. A
right triangle is a triangle that has one right interior angle. An
equiangular triangle is also equilateral and acute at the same time.

The Pythagorean Theorem is being used in solving for any missing

side of a right triangle.

where a and b are the legs and c

is the hypotenuse.
Perimeters, Areas and Volumes of Geometric
Figures

Perimeter
 It is the distance around any plane figure.
 The perimeter of a circle is known as circumference.
Example #1:
A rectangular picture 23 inches by 32 inches is to be framed. If the
wood to be used as a border has a width of 3 inches, how long should the
wood be?
Solution:
P = 2L + 2W
Since there will be overlaps on the corners of the frame,
P = 2L + 2W + 4 (overlap)
P = 2 (32 inches) + 2 (23 inches) + 4 (3 inches)
P = 64 inches + 46 inches +12 inches
P = 122 inches

Therefore, the wood material that is 3 inches wide should be 122

inches long.
Example #2:
Four cans of milk are bandled together using a piece of ribbon. If you
allow 10 cm for tying the knot, what is the shortest amount of ribbon that you
need if each can has a radious of 5cm?

Solution:
The round corners represent 1/4 of the circle’s circumference
Since there are 4 corners, its simply getting the circumference
P = 2πr + 8 (radius) = excess
P = 2 (3.14) (5cm) + 8 (5cm) +10cm
P = 81.4 cm

Therefore, 81.4cm is the shortest amount of ribbon needed to tie the four
cans together.
Example #3:
A pentagonal rice field has boundaries that are 37m, 48m, 61m, 85m and
94m long. If the rice field is to be fenced with four layers of barbed wire, how
long should the wire be?

Solution:
P = 37m + 48m + 61m + 85m +94m
P = 325m

Since the fence will be composed of three layers of barbed wire,

Length of barbed wire = 4x of the perimeter = 4(325m) = 1, 300m

Therefore the length of the barbed wire to be used is 1, 300m.

Area
 The amount of surface enclose in a plane figure.
 The number of square units inside a closed plane.

Area of a Square
Example #4:
A rectangular hall has a length of 24 feet and a width of 16 feet. If the floor
area will be covered by square ceramic tiles that are 4 sqaure feet each, how
many tiles are needed to cover the entire floor area?

Solution:

A = (24 feet) (16 feet)

A = 384 square feet

Since each square tile is 4 square feet, 384 square feet ÷ 4 square feet =
96 tiles.
Therefore, 96 square ceramic tiles will be needed to cover the entire floor
area.
Example #5:
A certain building is L-shaped as illustrated on the right. What is its floor area?
Solution 1: (separation)
Example #6:
What is the area of the isosceles triangle whose hypotenuse is 12cm long?
Example #6:
What is the area of the isosceles triangle whose hypotenuse is 12cm long?
Example #7:
What is the area of the shaded region if the diameter of the circle is 8 inches?

Solution:
If you noticed, the shaded region is just half of the given circle.
Hence, we will simply get half of the area of the given circle.

4 in
A = π(4 𝑖𝑛)2= (3.14)(16𝑖𝑛2 )= 50.24 𝑖𝑛2
circle

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is 25.12 square inches.

 Volume
 The amount of space enclosed in any three-dimensional figure.
 Number of cubic units insight a given geometric solid.
Volume of a Cube
V = 𝑒2 ; where e-edge of the cube

Volume of a Prism
V = (A base ) h; where A base -area of the base
h- height if the prism
Volume of a Pyramid
V = 1/3 (A base ) h; where A base - area of the base
h- height if the pyramid

Volume of a Cylinder
V = π𝑟 2 h; where r- radius
h- height of the cylinder
Volume of a Cone
V = 1/3 π𝑟 2 h; where r- radius
h- height of the cone

Volume of a Cone
V = 4/3 π𝑟 3 V = 4/3 π 𝑟 3 ; where r= radius
Example #8:
Given that the volume of a cube is 27 cubic units, what will happen to the
volume if the edge will be doubled? How about when tripled?
Solution:

Therefore, doubling the edge will be 8 times the original volume and tripling
will be 27 times the original volume of the cube.
Example #9:
Cylinder A has a diameter of 3 inches and a height of 7 inches while
cylinder B has a diameter of 7 inches and a height of 3 inches. which among
the two cylinders has a greater capacity?
Example #10:
A sphere of radius 10 cm is put on an inverted right circular cone that has a height of 75 cm. if
the sphere perfectly fits on the cone such that exactly half of it is inside the cone, what is the
amount of space inside the cone that is not occupied by the sphere?
Since the sphere perfectly fits on the cone, then we can say that they
have equal diameters and radii.

Therefore, the amount of space not occupied by the sphere is 5, 756.67 cubic centimetres.
Surface Area
 The amount of surface in any given geometric solid.
 Total number of square units in all the faces of a solid figure.

Surface Area of a Cube

A surface = 6𝑒 2

Where e- edge of the cube

A = 2A +A +A +A Where L , L , L -lateral faces
surface base L1 L2 L3 1 2 3

A surface = 2A base+ 4A
lateral
Surface area of a Cone (Right Circular)
Surface Area of a Sphere

Surface

surface
Example #11:
How many tin cans of radius 2 inches and height of 4 inches can be covered by a
square plastic material that has a side of 20 inches?
Solution:

Solving for the surface area of the cylinder, we have

Asurface = 2π ( 2 𝑖𝑛) ( 2 𝑖𝑛 + 4 𝑖𝑛) = 2 (3.14) (12 𝑖𝑛2 )
Asurface = 75. 36 𝑖𝑛2

Solving for the are of the plastic material, we have Asquare =

(20 𝑖𝑛)2 = 400 𝑖𝑛2

Divide the area of the plastic material by the surface area of the
cylinder
n(cylinders)= Asquare ÷ Asurface = 400 𝑖𝑛2 ÷ 75.36 𝑖𝑛2 = 5.3
Therefore, 5 cylinders can be covered by the plastic material.
Example #12:
The length, width, and height of a rectangular prism is in the ratio 2:3:5 respectively.
If the sum of the edges of the prism is 120 cm, what is the surface are of the figure?
Solution:
Common Monomial Factor
In getting the common monominal factor of a given
polynomial, we apply the distributive property of
multiplication. But instead of multiplying, we bring out the
parenthesis the common factors of all the terms in the
polynomial. This is the reason why factoring is considered
as the reverse process of multiplying polynomials- instead
of getting the product, we extract the factors.
Example #1:
Factor 9 9𝑎2 + 21 a
9𝑎2 = 3. 3. a. a find the greatest common factor of both terms
21a = 3.7.a the GCF is 3
9𝑎2 + 21a = 3a (3a) + 3a (7) extract out the common monomial factor that is 3a
=3a (3a + 7) use distributive property to express in factored form

Example #2:
Factor 20 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 45𝑥 2 y
20 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = 2.2.5. 𝑥. 𝑥. 𝑥. 𝑦. 𝑦 find the GCF of both terms
45𝑥 2 y= 3.3.5.𝑥. 𝑥. 𝑦 the GCF is 5𝑥 2 y
20 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 45𝑥 2 y =5𝑥 2 y (4xy) +5𝑥 2 y(9) extract out the common monominal factor
=5𝑥 2 y (4xy +9) use distributive property.
Example #3:

Factor 18𝑚2 𝑛4 - 12 𝑚3 𝑛3 + 30m𝑛2

18𝑚2 𝑛4 = 2.3.3.m.m.n.n.n.n find the GCF of all terms in the polynomial
3 3
12𝑚 𝑛 = 2.2.3.m.m.m.n.n.n
30m𝑛2 = 2.3.5.m.n.n the GCF is 6m𝑛2

18𝑚2 𝑛4 - 12𝑚3 𝑛3 + 30m𝑛2 = 6m𝑛2 (3m𝑛2 )+ 6m𝑛2 (-2𝑚2 𝑛) + 6m𝑛2 (5)

=6m𝑛2 (3m𝑛2 - 2𝑚2 𝑛 +5)
Factoring Trinomials
In factoring a trinomial, we apply the guess-and-check strategy in getting the
sum of the factorsd for the middle term:

𝑥 2 + 8x +12 The product of 1 and 12 is 12.

𝑥 2 + (____+ ____) x +12 We need to find two integers whose
product is 12 and whose sum is 8 (middle
term)

Factors of 12 Sum of Factors

1,12 1+12= 13 no
2,6 2+6=8 yes
3,4 3+4=7 no
Factoring Trinomials
𝑥 2 + (2+6)x +12 select the factors 2 and 6
𝑥 2 + 2x +6x +12 distribute x to 2 and 6
(𝑥 2 + 2x) +(6x +12) group terms with common monominal factors
x (x+ 2) +6 (x +2) factor out the common monominal factors
(x+6) (x +12) apply the distributive property

Therefore, the factors of 𝑥 2 + 8x +12 are x +6 and x +2.

Example #1:

The Product of 2 and -12 is -24. Since

the product is negative, one of the factors
should be positive and the other must be
negative. the sum should be -5.
Example #2:
Example #3:

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Measure of Central Tendency
 Mean
The mean of a set of scores is the sum of all the scores divided by the
number of scores in a given group. it is also known as the average. the mean for
ungrouped data is given by the formula:

Example:

What is the mean of 32, 45, 37, 41,

58,60, and 39?

32+45+37+41+58+60+39
7

=44.57
 Median
The median of a set of scores is the middlemost score when the scores are
arranged in either ascending or descending order. When there is an even number of
scores in a distribution, we obtain the median by getting the mean of the two
middlemost scores in the set.
Example:
What is the median of the set of scores 12,22,17,30,18, and 25?
First we have to arrange the scores in ascending order:
12, 17,18, 22,25,30

Since there are 6 scores, we get the median by solving for thhe mean of the 3rd and
4th scores in the set.

18+ 22 =20
2
 Mode

The mode of a set of scores is the most frequently occuring score in

the set. A set of scores may have one or more modes depending on the
set given.

Example:
 References!
• LET Comprehensive Reviewer Based on NCBTS and
Table of Specifications (TOS)