2.

) For the Low Voltage Switchboards:

For the short circuit calculation of the low voltage we shall follow a new approach as
the concept here is little bit different where the nominated B.B. for short circuit study
has multiple short circuit current in-feed with different current paths either separate or
common current paths, and each one has a different method of calculations.

Referring to Fig No. (1) where the complete network with different load feeders are
drawn and it shows the main elements which damp the short circuit currents such as
the transformers, cables and internal motors reactances and Fig. (2) represents the
values of the dynamic loads which will generate power at the short circuit instant.
Fig. No. (3) shows the equivalent impedance circuit of the network, and all the
impedances shall be calculated as follows:

The base voltage shall be 0.4 kv:

From VDE O 102/DIN 57102-2

U 2B
Zs = 1.1 x
Sn
The network on 20 kv side is 750 MVA and related to 400 V shall be:

(0.4) 2
Zs = 1.1 x = 0.235 x 10-3 W
750

UK U 2B
ZT2 = x , Where UK = 9 % for T2
100 ST2
= 6 % for T4 & T6
UB = 0.4 kv

ST2 = 15 MVA

ST4 = 1 MVA

ST6 = 1600 MVA ……….…… 1

9 (0.4) 2
 ZT2  x = 0.96 x 10-3 W
100 15

By the same way :

6 (0.4) 2
ZT4 = x = 9.6 x 10-3 W
100 1
6
2
( 0.4 )
& ZT6 = x 1 .6 = 6 x 10-3 W
100

2/40
 750 M V A
20 kv
20 kv
P1

T2
P2 11 kv
C able
3x185
30 m C able M otors
2 (3x185) C ables
T4 500 m
P3 0.4 K V
M2

M otors T6
C ables
ZL5 0.4 K V
P6
1 (4x240) C able
M3 150 m
1 (4x240)
M otors
200 m
C able C ables
P4
2 (4x185)
P5 M otors 400 m
C ables
M6
M otors M4
C ables

M5 C able
P7
2 (4x3 00)
M otors
330 m
C ables

M7

P8
M otors
C ables

M8

Fig. (1)

3/40
 750 M V A
20 kv
20 kv ZS
P1

ZT2
P2 11 kv

ZLT6 ZLM 2*

ZL6
ZT4
P3 M2
8800 kw
ZLM 3 * ZT6

ZL5 P6
M3 96 kw ZL4 ZLM 6*

P4
P5 ZLM 4* ZL7
M6
925 kw
ZLM 5* M4

24 kw

M5 ZL8
P7
46 kw ZLM 7 *

M7

42 kw
P8
ZLM 8 *

M8 82 .5 kw

Fig. (2)

* The feeder cables for the motors are measured according to the proposed cable
routes, and the impedance values are calculated in the next following pages (Table 1
to 7).

4/40
 750 M V A

ZS

P1

ZT2

P2

ZL6 ZLM 2
ZL4

ZT4 ZT6 ZM 2

P3
M
2

ZL3
P6

ZM 3 ZL4 ZLM 6

ZL5
P4
M3 ZM 6
ZL8
ZLM 4
M
6

ZM 4 P8
P5
ZM 8
ZLM 5 M
4
ZL7

M
8

ZM 5 P7

ZLM 7
M
5

ZM 7

M
7

Fig. (3)

5/40
To calculate the cables resistances per unit length :

1. For Medium Voltage Cables:

The chosen cables shall be 8.7/15 kv. , XLPE steel wire Armored Cu cable with the
following sizes and lengths:

(3 x 185) mm2
(3 x 35) mm2

From El-SEWEIDI cable catalogue (a copy is attached at the end of the report) we
got these data:

Cable 3 x 185 mm2

L = 0.308 mH / km , R20 (DC at 20 ° C) = 0.0991 W / km

Cable 3 x 35 mm2

L = 0.395 mH / km , R20 (DC at 20° C) = 0.524 W / km

For a maximum ambient temp. of (50 ° C) and for A/C system we use this equation:

Rq = R20 [ 1 +  (q - 20) ] + DR
Where
R20 = Conductor DC resistance at 20° C W / km
q = New operation temperature = 50 ° C
 = Resistance temperature coefficient
= 3.93 x 10-3 for Copper
 R = Additional resistance in case of A/C system.

For an ambient temperature of 50 ° C and for a cable (3 x 185) mm2 :

 R50 = R20 [ 1 + 3.93 x 10-3 (50 - 20) ] + R

= 0.0991 [ 1 + 3.93 x 10-3 (30) ] +  R
= 0.11 +  R W / km.

 R = 0.012 W / km (As per the attached graph at the end of the report, see sheet
35)

 R50 = 0.11 + 0.012 = 0.122 W / km

and ;

XL = WL = 2 P fL = 314 x 0.308 = 96.7 x 10-3 W / km

 ZL = 0.122 + J 96.7 x 10-3 W / km

6/40
ZL = ( 0.122) 2  ( 96.7 x10 3 ) 2 = 0.155 W / km
500mt
For ZL6 = 0.155 x = 0.0775 W
1000
and referring the impedance to the base voltage (0.4 KV)
( 0.4) 2
For ZL6 = 0.0775 x 2 = 0.102 x 10 W
-3
(11)

For cable (3 x 35) mm2:

 R50 = R20 [ 1 + a (q - 20) ] +  R

= 0.524 x 1.1179 +  R
= 0.5857 +  R ,  R = 0.0268 W / km

 R50 = 0.6126 W / km

and X = WL = 314 x 0.395 = 124.03 x 10-3 W / km

 Z = R 2  X 2 = 0.625 W / km

2. For Low voltage cables :

The chosen cables shall be 0.6 (1.2) KV, XLPE steel wire Armored and PVC
sheathed as per the attached table at the end of the report .

In this case the reactances are neglected where there values are very small in
comparison with the cable resistances.

As shown from Fig. (1), cable sizes and their resistivity at A/C system and with the
same ambient temp. shall be as follows:

* Cable (4 x 150)mm2:

R50 = R20 [ 1 + a (q - 20) ] +  R ,  R = 0.01229 W / km

= 0.151 W / km

* Cable (4 x 50) mm2:

R50 = 0.387 [ 1.1179] +  R ,  R = 0.0116 W / km

= 0.445 W / km

* Cable (4 x 25) mm2:

R50 = 0.727 [ 1.1179] +  R ,  R = 0.01 W / km

= 0.822 W / km

* Cable (4 x 16) mm2 :

7/40
R50 = 1.15 [ 1.1179] +  R ,  R = 0.010 W / km
= 1.298 W / km

* Cable (4 x 10) mm2 :

R50 = 1.83 [ 1.1179] +  R ,  R = 0.01 W / km

= 2.055 W / km

* Cable (4 x 6) mm2:

R50 = 3.08 [ 1.1179] +  R ,  R = 0.01 W / km

= 3.46 W / km

* Cable (4 x 4) mm2:

R50 = 4.61 (1.1178) +  R ,  R = 0.01 W / km

5.1632 + 0.01
= 5.17 W / km

8/40
Calculation of motors and motors feeders impedances:

From the consumer list and the proposed cable routes with the cable data taken from
EL-SEWEIDI cable catalogue (copy is attached at the end of the report), we got the
results in the motor feeders data tables.

In these tables the calculations are made for each individual motors, and we took all
the feeders together in parallel to get the equivalent impedances.

The explanation of the tables is as follows:-

1. Medium voltage cables (table 1)

1st column : the motor size i.e. the motor power in kw.
2nd column : the numbers of motors of the same power rate.
3rd column : the power factor of the motors.
4th column : Internal impedance of each motor and is calculated as per VDE 0102,

1 U 2 rn
Zm =  ,
Ia / Irn Srn / cos 

where: Zm = motors impedance

Ian
= locked rotor current
Irn
Srn = motor power in KW
Urn = rated voltage
cos ö = power factor

Urn = 11 KV
Ia/Irn = 5.5 as an average value.

P
5th column : the rated current, (Ir = )
3V cos
6th column : the motor feeder length as per the proposed cable route.
7th column : the motor feeder size.
8th column : the motor feeder resistivity calculated at the Max. ambient
temperature 50°C as per the specifications.
th
9 column : the motor feeder reactances and the data is taken from EL-SEWIDI
cable catalogue.
10th column: the motor feeder impedances (Zl = R 2 l  X 2 l x 10-3 x l)
where l is the feeder length.
11 column: the calculated voltage drop when choosing the motor feeder size
th

against the length and the rated current.

9/40
 -3
V drop = 3 I L. (R cos ö + Xsin ö) x 10

where : I = the rated motor current

L = the feeder length
R = the feeder resistance /km
cos ö = motor power factor
X = the feeder reactance / km.

12th column: the summation of the motor and cable impedances.

13th column: The equivalent impedances for the parallel motor feeders of the
same power rate.
14 column: the equivalent impedance when referred to the base voltage (0.4 kv)
th

( 0.4) 2
Z0.4 = Z11 x
(11) 2
At the bottom of the 14th column, we get the equivalent impedance of all parallel
motors for the nominated panel board.

2. Low voltage cable (table 2-7)

1st to 8th column : same as for MV cables except for the 4th column the Urn is
taken as 0.4 KV.
9th column : the feeder resistances at 50° C multiplied by the feeder length.
10th column: voltage drop calculated as for M.V.
11th column: the summation of the motor and cable impedances.
12th column: the equivalent impedances for the parallel motors of the same power
rate. At the end of this column is the equivalent impedances for all
motors in parallel connected to the nominated panel board.
13th column: the current delivered by motors at the short circuit instant:
11
.  0.4
Isc = KA
3Zeq  10  3

and almost it equals to the locked rotor current (5.5 - 6) x Ir

10/40
11/40
12/40
13/40
14/40
15/40
16/40
17/40
 .

Since all the impedances are calculated, the network impedances shall be as shown in
Fig. 4.
750 M V A

0 .2 3 5 x 1 0 -3
P1

0 .9 6 x 1 0 -3

P2

0 .0 0 6 x 1 0 -3 0 .1 0 3 x 1 0 -3 0 .0 3 8 x 1 0 -3

9 .6 x 1 0 -3 6 x 1 0 -3 2 .9 7 x 1 0 -3

P3
M
2

9 .7 4 x 1 0 -3
P6

1 9 .4 4 x 1 0 -3 4 .0 6 6 x 1 0 -3
2 4 0 .2 x 1 0 -3
1 4 .5 8 x 1 0 -3
P4
M3 2 7 .0 5 x 1 0 -3
2 1 .8 x 1 0 -3 1 3 .2 8 x 1 0 -3
M
6

1000 P8
P5
1 5 .9 7 x 1 0 -3
M
2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3
1 1 .4 x 1 0 -3 4

-3
305 x 10

5 1 3 x 1 0 -3 P7
M
8

9 .7 2 x 1 0 -3
M
5

5 7 6 .5 x 1 0 -3

M
7

Fig. (4)

·All the above values are in OHMS.

·All the impedances are referred to the base voltage (0.4 KV).

18/40
In Fig. (5) all the impedances in series are added together to simplify the network.

1 .2 x 1 0 -3

P2

9 .6 x 1 0 -3
3 x 1 0 -3

P3
M
6 .1 0 3 x 1 0 -3
2
2 5 0 x 1 0 -3

M3 1 4 .5 8 x 1 0 -3
P6

1 9 .4 4 x 1 0 -3 3 1 .1 1 6 x 1 0 -3
P5
P4
5 2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3 M
6

1 0 2 1 .8 x 1 0 -3
M
5 1 3 .2 8 x 1 0 -3

M
4 P8

3 2 1 x 1 0 -3
2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3
M
8

P7

5 8 6 .2 2 x 1 0 -3

M
7

Fig. (5)

·All the above values are in OHMS.

19/40
 For a short circuit at P3 :

The circuit shall be simplified as follows:

1 .2

P2

Isc u s 9 .6
3

P3
M
2
250 5 3 8 .9 8 6 .1 0 3

M3 M
5

P6

1 0 4 1 .2 4 6 1 0 .6 2 3 3 4 .2 5 3 1 .1 1 6

M M M M
4 7 8 6

Fig. (6)

·All the above values are multiplied by 10-3

20/40
The equivalent circuit shall be as follows:
P3
P3

9 .6 9 .6

6 .1 0 3 6 .1 0 3

1 .2 1 .2 3
3
2 6 .5 0 5
1 0 4 1 .2 4 6 1 0 .6 2 3 3 4 .2 5 3 1 .1 1 6

N N

P3 P3

9 .6

1 0 .4 3 5 x 1 0 -3

0 .8 3 5
N
N

Fig. (7)

The upstream short circuit current shall be:

U 0.4
 Iscus = 3Z
=
3x10.435x10  3
= 22.157 K.A.

Short circuit delivered by motors of P3 : (from table 2)

Isc3 = 1.0102 K.A.

Short circuit delivered by motors of P5: (refer to drawings 4, 5, 6)

11
.  0.4
Isc5 = = 0.471 K.A.
3  538.98

The total short circuit at P3 :

22.157 + 1.0102 + 0.471 = 23.6382 K.A.

21/40
 For a short circuit at P6 (Fig. 8):

Referring to the circuit of Fig. 8, the equivalent circuit shall be as shown in Fig. 9:

1 .2

P2

9 .6
3

P3
M
2
250 5 3 8 .9 8 6 .1 0 3

M3 M
5

P6

1 0 4 1 .2 4 6 1 0 .6 2 3 3 4 .2 5 3 1 .1 1 6

M M M M
4 7 8 6

Fig. (8)

·All the above values are multiplied 10 -3

22/40
P6 P6

6 .1 0 3 6 .1 0 3

9 .6

1 .2 1 .2 1 8 0 .3 8 3
3

250 5 3 8 .9 8
N
N

P6

6 .9 5 6 x 1 0 -3

Fig. (9)

The Upstream short circuit currents shall be:

U 0.4
 ISCus = 3xZ
=
3 x 6.956 x10  3
= 33.23 K.A.

The Downstream short circuit current delivered by different motors are as follows :

 M6’s (from table 5):

ISC6 = 8.163 K.A.

 M7’s :
11
. x 0.4
ISC7 = = 0.416 K.A.
3x 610.62 x10  3

 M8’s :

23/40
 11
. x 0.4
ISC8 = = 0.76 K.A.
3 x 334.25x10  3

 M4’s:
11
. x 0.4
ISC4 = = 0.244 K.A.
3 x1041.24 x10  3

Total short circuit current at P6:

33.23 + 8.163 + 0.416 + 0.76 + 0.244 = 42.822 K.A.

24/40
 For a short circuit at P8 (Fig. 10):

Referring to Fig. 10 the equivalent circuit shall be as shown in Fig. 11.

1 .2

P2

9 .6 3

P3
M
6 .1 0 3 2

250

M3 1 4 .5 8
P6

1 9 .4 4 3 1 .1 1 6
P5
P4
5 2 4 .4 M
6

1 3 .2 8
1 0 2 1 .8
M
5

M
4 P8

321
2 4 .4
M
8

P7

5 8 6 .2 2

M
7

Fig. (10)

·All the above values are multiplied by 10-3.

25/40
 P8

1 3 .2 8

6 .1 0 3

3 1 .1 1 6 6 1 0 .6 2 1 0 4 1 .2 4
9 .6

1 .2 3 .0
250 5 3 8 .9 8
N

P8

1 3 .2 8
P8

6 .1 0 3 1 3 .2 8

2 8 .7 8 8
9 .6 6 .1 0 3

0 .8 5 7 2 8 .7 8 8
250 5 3 8 .9 8 1 8 0 .3 8 0 .8 5 7
N

P8 P8

1 3 .2 8

1 8 .8 8 2 x 1 0 -3
2 8 .7 8 8 6 .9 5 6

Fig. (11)

26/40
The Upstream short circuit currents shall be:

U 0.4
 ISCus = 3xZ
=
3 x18.882 x10  3
= 12.245 K.A.

The down stream short circuit currents delivered by  M8’s

ISC8 = 0.77 K.A. (from table 7).

The total short circuit current at P8 :

12.245 + 0.77 = 13.015 K.A.

27/40
For a short circuit at P7 (Fig. 12):

Referring to Fig. 12 the equivalent circuit shall be as shown in Fig. 13.

1 .2

P2

9 .6 3

P3
M
6 .1 0 3 2

250

M3 1 4 .5 8
P6

3 1 .1 1 6
P5 1 9 .4 4
P4
5 2 4 .4 M
6

1 3 .2 8
1 0 2 1 .8
M
5

M
4 P8

321
2 4 .4
M
8

P7

5 8 6 .2 2

M
7

Fig. (12)

·All the above values are multiplied by 10-3.

28/40
 P7

2 4 .4

6 .1 0 3

3 1 .1 1 6 3 3 4 .2 8 1 0 4 1 .2 4
9 .6

3 1 .2
250 5 3 8 .9 8

2 4 .4

6 .1 0 3

P7 P7

2 7 .7 0 8
2 4 .4

0 .8 5 7 1 8 0 .3 8 2 9 .9 6 x 1 0 -3
2 7 .7 0 8 6 .9 5 6

Fig. (13)

The upstream short circuit current shall be:

0.4
ISCus = = 7.717 K.A.
3x 29.96 x10  3

& adding the down stream short circuit current delivered by  M7’s:

ISC7 = 0.431 K.A. (from table 6).

Total short circuit currents at P7 :

7.717 + 0.431 = 8.148 K.A.

29/40
For a short circuit at P4 (Fig. 14):

Referring to Fig. (14), the equivalent circuit shall be as shown in Fig. (15):

1 .2 x 1 0 -3

P2

9 .6 x 1 0 -3 3 .0 x 1 0 -3

P3
M
6 .1 0 3 x 1 0 -3
2
2 5 0 x 1 0 -3

M3 1 4 .5 8 x 1 0 -3
P6

IS C u s 1 9 .4 4 x 1 0 - 3 3 1 .1 1 6 x 1 0 -3
P5
P4
5 2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3 M
6

1 3 .2 8 x 1 0 -3
1 0 2 1 .8 x 1 0 -3
M
5

M
4 P8

3 2 1 x 1 0 -3
2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3
M
8

P7

5 8 6 .2 2 x 1 0 -3

M
7

Fig. (14)

30/40
 P7

1 9 .4 4

6 .1 0 3

3 1 .1 1 6 6 1 0 .6 2 3 3 4 .2 8
9 .6

3 .0 1 .2
250 5 3 8 .9 8

P7

1 9 .4 4

6 .1 0 3

P7 P7

2 7 .1 9 8
2 4 .4

0 .8 5 7 1 8 0 .3 8 2 4 .9 7 9 x 1 0 -3
2 7 .1 9 8 6 .9 5 6

Fig. (15)

The short circuit currents delivered by the Upstream network shall be:

0.4
 ISCus = 3x 24.979 x10  3
= 9.256 K.A.

Adding the short circuit current delivered by the Downstream motors  M4 ‘s:

ISC4 = 0.25 K.A. (from table 3)

The total short circuit current at P4 :

9.256 + 0.251 = 9.51 K.A.

31/40
For a short circuit at P5 (Fig. 16):

Referring to Fig. (16), the equivalent circuit shall be as shown in Fig. (17):

1 .2 x 1 0 -3

9 .6 x 1 0 -3 3 .0 x 1 0 -3

P3
M
6 .1 0 3 x 1 0 -3
2

2 5 0 x 1 0 -3

M3 1 4 .5 8 x 1 0 -3
IS C u s P6

1 9 .4 4 x 1 0 -3 3 1 .1 1 6 x 1 0 -3
P5
P4
5 2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3 M
6

1 3 .2 8 x 1 0 -3
1 0 2 1 .8 x 1 0 -3
M
5

M
4 P8

3 2 1 x 1 0 -3
2 4 .4 x 1 0 -3
M
8

P7

5 8 6 .2 2 x 1 0 -3

M
7

Fig. (16)

32/40
 P5

1 4 .5 8

9 .6

250
6 .1 0 3

1 .2 3 .0

1 0 4 1 .2 5 6 1 0 .6 2 3 3 4 .2 8 3 1 .1 1 6

P5

1 4 .5 8

9 .6
P5 P5

250
1 4 .5 8

0 .8 5 7 3 2 .6 0 8 2 4 .5 9 6 x 1 0 -3
250 1 0 .4 3 5

Fig. (17)

The Upstream short circuit currents shall be:

0.4
ISCus = = 9.4 K.A.
3 x 24.596 x10  3

Adding the Downstream short circuit current delivered by  M5’s:

ISC5= 0.48 K.A. (from table 4)

The total short circuit current at P5 :

9.4 + 0.48 = 9.88 K.A.

The short circuit configuration at different Bus-bars:

33/40
As shown in Fig. (18), we have a general view of the calculated short circuit current
values at different bus-bars.

750 M V A
20 kv

P1

T2

P2 1 1 .6 K A 11 kv

T4

P3 2 3 .6 4 K A 0 .4 k v

9 .8 8 K A 0 .4 k v
P5 T6

4 2 .8 2 2 K A 0 .4 k v
P6

9 .5 1 K A 0 .4 kv P8 1 3 .0 1 5 K A 0 .4 k v
P4

P7 8 .1 4 8 K A 0 .4 k v

Fig. (18)

34/40
The proposed short circuit currents at different Bus-Bars shall be as follows:

750 M V A
20 kv

P1

T2

P2 25 K A 11 kv

T4

P3 25 K A 0 .4 k v

15 K A 0 .4 k v
P5 T6

50 K A 0 .4 k v
P6

15 K A 0 .4 k v P8 15 K A 0 .4 k v
P4

P7 15 K A 0 .4 k v

Fig. (19)

Note:
The same remarks on the M.V. short circuit calculations are also applied for the low
voltage, where these values of short circuit currents of Fig. (18) are higher than the
actual values for the same reasons mentioned in the M.V.

35/40
Time discrimination at different Bus-Bars shall be as follows:

750 M V A
20 kv

P1 25 K A / 1 Sec.

T2

P2 2 5 K A / 1 S e c. 1 1 kv

T4

P3 2 5 K A / 0.6 S e c , 0.4 k v

1 5 K A / 0 .4 S ec. 0 .4 kv
P5 T6

5 0 K A / 0.6 S e c . 0 .4 k v
P6

1 5 K A / 0.4 S ec . 0 .4 kv P8 1 5 K A / 0 .4 S e c. 0.4 k v
P4

P7 1 5 K A / 0.4 S e c . 0.4 kv

Fig. (20)

36/40