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EXAMPLE OF SHEAR WALL DESIGN TO EC2

Presentation · June 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13448.03841

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EXAMPLE OF SHEAR WALL DESIGN TO EC2
Ref Calculation Output

The accompanying figure shows a 6 storey rc structure with 250mm thk shear walls
located along Grid 1, 10, A & D. Apart from providing vertical support to suspended
slabs from 1st floor to roof, these shear walls provide lateral stability against wind
forces in both the North-South & East-West direction. The walls are supported on
independent foundation and the ground floor is of non-suspended slab.

Given:
Floor Slab Roof
Qk (kN/m2) 3.0 0.50
Gk (kN/m2) 1.25 1.5

Note:
i. Gk from finishes & mech. services, not incl. self wt of slab
ii. To include removable partition load of 0.75 kN/m2 in addition to the 2.5 kN/m2
as Qk on slabs
iii. Characteristic wind pressure taken as 1.2 kN/m2 uniformly distributed over the
entire height of building acting in the N-S direction
iv. Characteristic strength of concrete and steel reinforcement taken as 30 N/mm2
and 500 N/mm2 respectively
Ref Calculation Output

N
1 2 3 4 5 Z 6 7 8 9 10
10000 10000
A
Ref. Pt B
6000 S

7000
Ref. Pt A Cm
8000

7000
C
6000

15000
D
Shear Wall
9@5000 = 45000
Note:
All slabs 175 mm thk Cm= centre of mass
All Shear Walls 250 mm thk
All Beams 250 x 600 mm
All Columns 400 x 400 mm Wind
Ref Calculation Output

1.0 Shear Centre Location Y:

By observation the location of the 4 shear Typical Cross Section

walls are non symmetrical about both the Z &
Y axis. The second moment of area values
(inertia in m4) of walls Grid/1 and Grid/10
about Z direction (discounting the stiffness of

6@3500 = 21000
walls Grid/A and Grid/D) are:

I1y =(0.25 x 203)/12 = 166.7 m4

K1y =(166.7)/(21+1) = 7.58 m3

I10y=(0.25 x 143)/12 = 57.2 m4

K10y=(57.2)/(21+1) = 2.60 m3
Thus the distance of the shear center Cs from GL
the reference point A:-
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Yc =
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Yc = {(7.58x0.0) + (2.60x45)}/(7.58 + 2.60) A B C D

= 11.5 m

Ecc e = (45/2)-11.5 = 11 m
Ref Calculation Output

Shear Centre Location Z:

The second moment of area values (inertia in m4) of walls Grid/A and Grid/D about Z direction
(discounting the stiffness of walls Grid/1 and Grid/10) are:

IAz =(0.25 x 203)/12 = 166.7 m4

KAz =(166.7)/(21+1) = 7.58 m3

IDz=(0.25 x 153)/12 = 70.3 m4

KDz=(70.3)/(21+1) = 3.20 m3
Thus the distance of the shear center Cs from the reference point B:-
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Zc =
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Zc = {(7.58x0.0) + (3.20x20)}/(7.58 + 3.20)

= 5.93 m

Ecc e = (20/2)-5.93 = 4.07 m

Ref Calculation Output

1 2 3 4 5 Z 6 7 8 9 10
10000 10000
A

Zc =5930
Ref. Pt B S
6000
Cs
B

7000
Ecc e =4070
Yc =11500
Mt Cm
8000

Y
Ref. Pt

7000
C
Ecc e =11000
6000

D
Shear Wall
9@5000 = 45000
+Z

Cs= shear centre Cm= centre of mass

+Y
Wind
Ref Calculation Output
2.0 Lateral Load Distribution
𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 𝑦𝑦
Lateral Force on wall = 𝐹𝐹 + Mt
∑𝑘𝑘 ∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2
Where:
• F is the total wind load (kN) =1.2x(45x21)= 1134 kN
• Mt is the Torsional Moment about respective axis (kNm) = (1134x11.0) = 12 474 kNm
• y is the perpendicular distance between the axis of each wall and the centre of
rotation about their respective axis (m)
Wall ky kz y ky Ky2 Fd Ft F
Grid 1 7.58 0 11.5 87.17 1002.46 844.37 -225.57 618.80
Grid 10 2.60 0 33.5 87.10 2917.85 289.63 +225.39 515.02
Grid A 0 7.58 5.93 44.95 266.55 0 -116.32 -116.32
Grid D 0 3.20 14.07 45.02 633.49 0 +116.50 +116.50

• ∑10.18 ∑10.78 ∑4820.4 ∑1134 ∑ 0.00 ∑1134

𝑘𝑘
• Fd = 𝐹𝐹 : (Wall @ Grid 1) Fd = (7.58/10.18)x1134 = 844.37 kN
∑𝑘𝑘

𝑘𝑘 𝑦𝑦
• Ft = Mt: (Wall @ Grid 1) Ft = (87.17/4820.4)x12474 = 225.57 kN
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2
Ref Calculation Output

SUMMARY OF LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBUTION

N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Yc =11500 20000
A

Zc =5930
6000 116.5 kN
Cs
B
Cm

14000
515 kN
619 kN
8000

C
6000

116.5 kN
D
15000

+Z 9@5000 = 45000

+Y
1134 kN
Ref Calculation Output

3.0 Gravity Load Distribution (Wall Grid 1)

Actions Gk kN/m2 Qk kN/m2

Roof:
Variable 0.5
Metal cladding & trusses 0.75
Suspended ceiling & Services 0.50
∑ 1.25 ∑ 0.5

Floor Slab:
Variable 2.5
Finishes 0.50
Suspended ceiling & Services 0.50
Removable partition 0.75
Self wt 175mm thk slab 4.375
∑ 5.375 ∑ 3.25
Ref Calculation Output

Actions Gk kN/m2 Qk kN/m2

Ground Floor Slab: (Ground
Bearing)
Variable 2.5
Finishes 0.50
Services 0.35
Removable partition 0.75
Self wt 175mm thk slab 4.375
∑ 5.225 ∑ 3.25

Actions Gk kN/m2 Qk kN/m2

Self wt Wall @250mm thk 6.25
Self wt Brick Wall @ 115mm thk 2.60
Wind Load Wk 1.2
Ref Calculation Output

4.0 Load Take Down (Wall Grid 1)

Gk kN Qk kN

Roof Gk:(5/2x20)(1.25) Qk:(20x0.5)(5/2) 62.50 25.00

Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 500 ∑ 25
@above 5th floor ∑500 ∑ 25
5th FL Gk:(5/2x20)(5.375) Qk:(5/2x20)(3.25) 268.75 162.5
Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 706.25 ∑ 162.5
@above 4th floor ∑1206.25 ∑ 187.5
4th FL Gk:(5/2x20)(5.375) Qk:(5/2x20)(3.25) 268.75 162.5
Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 706.25 ∑ 162.5
@above 3rd floor ∑1912.5 ∑ 350
Ref Calculation Output

Gk kN Qk kN

3rd FL Gk:(5/2x20)(1.25) Qk:(20x0.5)(5/2) 62.50 162.5

Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 706.25 ∑ 162.5
@above 2nd floor ∑2618.75 ∑ 512.5
2nd FL Gk:(5/2x20)(5.375) Qk:(5/2x20)(3.25) 268.75 162.5
Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 706.25 ∑ 162.5
@above 1st floor ∑3325 ∑ 675
1st FL Gk:(5/2x20)(5.375) Qk:(5/2x20)(3.25) 268.75 162.5
Wall Gk:(3.50x20)(6.25) 437.50
∑ 706.25 ∑ 162.5
@above Ground floor ∑4031.25 ∑ 837.5
Ref Calculation Output

Gk kN Qk kN

Grd FL Gk:(1x20)(5.375) Qk:(1x20)(3.25) 107.50 65

Wall Gk:(1.00x20)(6.25) 125.00
Assume 1m width slab to wall as suspended ∑232.50 ∑ 65
@above Foundation ∑4263.75 ∑ 902.50
Ref Calculation Output

5.0 Summary of Gravity Loads Wall Grid 1 (Ground Floor to 1st Floor)

Gk = 4031.5 kN Gk/m = 4031.5/20 = 202 kN/m

Qk = an x 837.5 where an = {2+(4-2)0.7}/4 = 0.85

= 0.85 x 837.5
= 712 kN

Qk = 712 kN Qk/m = 712/20 = 36 kN/m

Ref Calculation Output

6.0 Vertical Loads from Wind Actions: Moments In-Plane

From earlier calculation, Wall Grid 1 takes aprox. 55% (619/1134=0.546) of wind load
Wk = 55% x 1.2 x 45 = 30 kN/m height

@ just above Ground Floor level In Plane

Moments :-
= (30 x 21) x {(21/2) + 1}
= 7245 kNm/m
Using

30 kN/m
6@3.5=21m

630 kN

Wk = 6M/L2
= 6 (7245)/202
1st Fl
= 109 kN/m
Grd Fl
1m
1m
20 m
Ref Calculation Output

7.0 Effects of Global Imperfections (Notional Horizontal Load)

Global imperfections can be represented by forces Hi at floor level where
Hi =ɸi(Nb – Na) kN
Roof
HR

5th Fl
H5
Hi =ɸi(Nb – Na)
ɸ 4th Fl
H4 where ɸi = 1/410 (Table 3.1 pg 17)
3rd Fl (Nb – Na) = axial load from each level
H3
2nd Fl
H2
1st Fl
H1

Grd Fl

20 m
Ref Calculation Output

(Nb – Na) @ each floor

Gk kN Qk kN

Roof Gk:(45x20)(1.25) Qk:(45x20)(0.5) 1125 450

B/Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x0 0
∑ 1125 ∑ 450
(Nb – Na) @Roof ∑1125 ∑ 450
5th FL Gk:(45x20)(5.375) Qk:(45x20)(3.25) 4837.50 2925
B/Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x3.075 1039.50
∑ 5877 ∑ 2925
(Nb – Na) @5th floor ∑5877 ∑ 2925
4th FL Gk:(45x20)(5.375) Qk:(45x20)(3.25) 4837.50 2925
B/Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x3.075 1039.50
∑ 5877 ∑ 2925
(Nb – Na) @4th floor ∑5877 ∑ 2925
Ref Calculation Output

(Nb – Na) @ each floor

Gk kN Qk kN

3rd FL Gk:(45x20)(5.375) Qk:(45x20)(3.25) 4837.50 2925

Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x3.075 1039.50
∑ 5877 ∑ 2925
(Nb – Na) @3rd floor ∑5877 ∑ 2925
2nd FL Gk:(45x20)(5.375) Qk:(45x20)(3.25) 4837.50 2925
Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x3.075 1039.50
∑ 5877 ∑ 2925
(Nb – Na) @2nd floor ∑5877 ∑ 2925
1st FL Gk:(45x20)(5.375) Qk:(45x20)(3.25) 4837.50 2925
Wall Gk:(45+20)x2(2.6)x3.075 1039.50
∑ 5877 ∑ 2925
(Nb – Na) @1st floor ∑5877 ∑ 2925
Ref Calculation Output

Summary of Effects of Global Imperfections (Notional Horizontal Load)

Hi =ɸi(Nb – Na)
where ɸi = 1/410 (Table 3.1 pg 17)
Roof HRGk 2.7 kN
HRQk 1.1 kN (Nb – Na) = axial load from each level

5th Fl HRGk 14.3 kN Ex:

HRQk 7.1 kN HRGk = {1/410}{1125} = 2.74 kN
ɸ 4th Fl HRGk 14.3 kN
HRQk = {1/410}{450} = 1.10 kN
HRQk 7.1 kN Characteristic design moment @ ground floor:
6@3.5=21m

3rd Fl HRGk 14.3 kN MkGk=(2.7x21)+{14.3x(17.5+14+10.5+7+3.5)}

HRQk 7.1 kN = 807.5 kNm
MkQk=(1.1x21)+{7.10x(17.5+14+10.5+7+3.5)}
2nd Fl HRGk 14.3 kN = 396.0 kNm
HRQk 7.1 kN
1st Fl HRGk 14.3 kN
HRQk 7.1 kN
Grd Fl Gk = 0.55x(6x807.5/202) = ±6.7 kN/m
Qk = 0.55x(6x396/202) = ±3.3 kN/m

20 m
Ref Calculation Output

8.0 Design Moments Perpendicular to Wall @ 1st Floor (Transverse Moments)

For the purpose of evaluating the transverse moment, slabs of 1000mm width is assumed
framing into Wall 1. One Free Joint sub frame is used to evaluate transverse moments.

Stiffness K: EI/L
Kwall upper 3.72 x105

Mtupper Kwall upper= (1000x2503)/12x3500

= 3.72 x105 mm3
3500

Gk & Qk

1st Floor
0.5Kslab 0.45 x105

Mtlower
As Ground floor is non suspended, total height
3500+1000

Kwall lower 2.89 x105 of lower wall taken up to foundation level ie

3500+1000=4500 mm

5000
Ref Calculation Output

LC1: Qk as lead action Wk as accompanying action LC2: Wk as lead action Qk as accompanying action
N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Qk + 1.05Wk N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Wk + 1.05Qk

LC#1=1.35Gk +1.5Qk LC#1=1.35Gk +1.05Qk

=1.35(5.375)+1.5(3.25) =1.35(5.375)+1.05(3.25)
=12.15 kN/m2 =10.75 kN/m2
FEM = 12.15x52/12 FEM = 10.75x52/12
= 25.5 kNm/m width of slab = 22.5 kNm/m width of slab
LC1: 1.35Gk +1.5Qk LC2: 1.35Gk +1.05Qk
10.5 kNm 1st Floor 9.25 kNm 1st Floor
13.5 kNm 12 kNm
Mt upper: Mt upper:
=(Kupper /∑K)xFEM =(Kupper /∑K)xFEM
=(3.72/7.06)x25.5 =(3.72/7.06)x22.5
=(0.53)x25.5 = 13.5 kNm/m =(0.53)x22.5 = 12 kNm/m

Mt lower: Mt lower:
=(Klower /∑K)xFEM =(Klower /∑K)xFEM
=(2.89/7.06)x25.5 =(2.89/7.06)x22.5
=(0.41)x25.5 = 10.5 kNm/m =(0.41)x22.5 = 9.25 kNm/m
 Ref Calculation Output

LC1: Qk as lead action Wk as accompanying action LC2: Wk as lead action Qk as accompanying action
N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Qk + 1.05Wk N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Wk + 1.05Qk

LC2: 1.35Gk +1.5Qk LC2: 1.35Gk +1.05Qk

10.5 kNm 9.25 kNm
1st Floor 1st Floor
13.5 kNm 12 kNm

N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Qk + 1.05Wk N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Wk + 1.05Qk

1.05Wk = 1.35(202+6.7)+1.5(36+3.3)+1.05(109) 1.5Wk = 1.35(202+6.7)+1.5(109)+1.05(36+3.3)
= 455.15 kN/m @ 1st FL to Grd FL = 486.50 kN/m @ 1st FL to Grd FL
Ref Calculation Output

LC3: Wk as lead action favourable vertical loads

N Ed = 1.0Gk + 1.5Wk

N Ed = 1.0Gk ± 1.5Wk
= 1.0(202+6.7) ± 1.5(109)
= 372.2 or 45.20 kN/m…………No Tension
Ref Calculation Output

9.0 Slenderness Check of Wall 1 @Ground Floor to 1st Floor

Effective height Lo= 0.85 (4500-175) = 3676.25 mm

Thus λ = Lo / (I/A)0.5 = 3676.25/{(1000x2503/12)/(250x1000)} 0.5
λ = 3676.25/72.2 = 51
Ref Calculation Output

Momen due to imperfections M imp = Ned x (Lo/400) = 486.50 x (3.676/400) = 4.5 kNm/m

λ l i m = 20 A.B.C/√n where A = 0.7, B = 1.1 & C = 1.7 – rm

rm = M01/M02 = -7.15/15 = -0.48
Therefore C – 1.7 – (-0.48) = 2.18

n = Ned/Ac x fcd = 485.50 x 103/{1000x250x(0.85x30/1.5)} = 0.1142

λ l i m = 20 A.B.C/√n = (20x0.7x1.1x2.18)/√0.1142 = 99 M02 = 10.5 + 4.5 = 15kNm/m

λ < λ l i m ………..Non Slender !!

Mmin = Ned x 0.02 = 472.25 x 0.02 = 9.75 kNm/m

Med = 15 kNm/m………Ned = 486.50 kN/m

0.25x10.5 (partially fixed)

2.63 kNm/m
Note that Ned obtained from LC2 where as M01 = 2.63 + 4.5 = 7.15 kNm/m
Med is derived from LC1
Ref Calculation Output

In Summary:
Ned = 486.50 kN/m
(Gk, Qk, Wk)

M02 = 15 kNm/m
(Gk, Qk)

Transverse Moment
1st Fl - Foundation

M01 = 7.15 kNm/m

(Gk, Qk)
Ref Calculation Output

10.0 Section Design

10.1 Column Design Procedure (Ned 486.5 kN/m & Med 15 kNm/m)

Adopt cover to horizontal bars as 30mm, thus cover to main vertical bars = 30 +10+(16/2) cover=48mm
where lacer bars taken as 10mm and main vertical bars as 16mm.

Effective depth d = 250 - 48 = 202 mm

d2 = 48 mm
d2 / h = 48 / 250 = 0.192…….use Column Design Chart (d2/h = 0.2)

Ned / bhfck = 486.5 x 103 /(1000 x 250 x 30) = 0.065

Med / bh2fck = 15 x 106 / (1000 x 2502 x 30) = 0.008 } As fyk /bh fck = 0

Provide minimum reinf……….. As = 0.002bh = 0.002x100 x250 = 500 mm2/m or

250 mm2/m @ each face
Ref Calculation Output

10.2 Walls Subjected to Insignificant Transverse Moment (Axial Load Control)

Thus,
Asc = {(486.5x103) – (0.43 x 30 x 250)} / (0.67 x 500)
= 1443 mm2/m or 722 mm2/m each face….>>250 mm2/m @ each face Provide:
H16-250
(The distance between two adjacent vertical bars should not exceed the lesser of either (804 mm2/m
three times the wall thickness or 400 mm…………..ok) @ each face)
Ref Calculation Output

10.3 Horizontal Reinforcement

The minimum area of horizontal reinforcement in walls is the greater of either 25% of
vertical reinforcement or 0.001 Ac. However, where crack control is important, early age
thermal and shrinkage effects should be considered explicitly.

Ashmin = 0.001Ac or 0.25 Asvert

= 0.001(1000 x 250) or (0.25 x 1443) Provide:
= 250 mm2/m (125 mm2/m each face) or 361 mm2/m (181 mm2/m each face) H10-350
(224 mm2/m
@ each face)
Ref Calculation Output

11.0 Horizontal Shear

Max. design ultimate horizontal shear, VEd = 1.5 x 630 = 945 kN

Therefore shear stress vEd = 945x103/(20x103x250) = 0.19 N/mm2

Normal stress due to min permanent action, Ϭcp = Ned / A = (202+6.7)x103 / 250x1000
= 0.83 N/mm2

vrdc = vmin + k1Ϭcp

= (0.035k3/2 √fck) + k1Ϭcp where k = 1+√(200/d) =1.99 & k1=0.15
= (0.035x1.993/2 x √30) + (0.15x0.83) vrdc >> vEd
= 0.66 N/mm2 > 0.19 N/mm2 ……….OK!!
Ref Calculation Output

12.0 Check Wall Stability

Say base extends 900 mm beyond either end of wall, thus
foundation dim taken as 21.80 x 2 x 1 m (LxWxH)

Overturning Moments @ A:
i) Wind:
= 30 x 21 x (21/2 + 2) = 7875 kNm

Self Wt Component

30 kN/m
6@3.5=21m

ii) Global Imperfections (Gk):

630 kN = (2.7x23)+(14.3x(19.5+16+12.5+9+5.5)) = 956 kNm

Restoring Moments @ A:
={4263.75 + (0x902.5) + (21.8x2x1x25)} x (21.8/2)
1st Fl
= 58,356 kNm

Grd Fl @ULS
1m Overturning Moment:
1m H =(1.5x7875) + (1.1x956) = 12,864.5 kNm
A 20 m FoS= 4.0
L= 21.80 m Restoring Moment:
= (0.9x58,356) = 52,520 kNm…>>12,864.5 kNm OK!!
 Ref Calculation Output

H10-350 EF

1st Fl

9H16-175 9H16-175
EF EF
H16-250 EF
Ground Fl

*EF=Each Face
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