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Azhar Ahmad
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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The accompanying figure shows a 6 storey rc structure with 250mm thk shear walls
located along Grid 1, 10, A & D. Apart from providing vertical support to suspended
slabs from 1st floor to roof, these shear walls provide lateral stability against wind
forces in both the North-South & East-West direction. The walls are supported on
independent foundation and the ground floor is of non-suspended slab.
Given:
Floor Slab Roof
Qk (kN/m2) 3.0 0.50
Gk (kN/m2) 1.25 1.5
Note:
i. Gk from finishes & mech. services, not incl. self wt of slab
ii. To include removable partition load of 0.75 kN/m2 in addition to the 2.5 kN/m2
as Qk on slabs
iii. Characteristic wind pressure taken as 1.2 kN/m2 uniformly distributed over the
entire height of building acting in the N-S direction
iv. Characteristic strength of concrete and steel reinforcement taken as 30 N/mm2
and 500 N/mm2 respectively
Ref Calculation Output
N
1 2 3 4 5 Z 6 7 8 9 10
10000 10000
A
Ref. Pt B
6000 S
7000
Ref. Pt A Cm
8000
7000
C
6000
15000
D
Shear Wall
9@5000 = 45000
Note:
All slabs 175 mm thk Cm= centre of mass
All Shear Walls 250 mm thk
All Beams 250 x 600 mm
All Columns 400 x 400 mm Wind
Ref Calculation Output
6@3500 = 21000
walls Grid/A and Grid/D) are:
Ecc e = (45/2)-11.5 = 11 m
Ref Calculation Output
The second moment of area values (inertia in m4) of walls Grid/A and Grid/D about Z direction
(discounting the stiffness of walls Grid/1 and Grid/10) are:
1 2 3 4 5 Z 6 7 8 9 10
10000 10000
A
Zc =5930
Ref. Pt B S
6000
Cs
B
7000
Ecc e =4070
Yc =11500
Mt Cm
8000
Y
Ref. Pt
7000
C
Ecc e =11000
6000
D
Shear Wall
9@5000 = 45000
+Z
𝑘𝑘
• Fd = 𝐹𝐹 : (Wall @ Grid 1) Fd = (7.58/10.18)x1134 = 844.37 kN
∑𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘 𝑦𝑦
• Ft = Mt: (Wall @ Grid 1) Ft = (87.17/4820.4)x12474 = 225.57 kN
∑𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2
Ref Calculation Output
Zc =5930
6000 116.5 kN
Cs
B
Cm
14000
515 kN
619 kN
8000
C
6000
116.5 kN
D
15000
+Z 9@5000 = 45000
+Y
1134 kN
Ref Calculation Output
Floor Slab:
Variable 2.5
Finishes 0.50
Suspended ceiling & Services 0.50
Removable partition 0.75
Self wt 175mm thk slab 4.375
∑ 5.375 ∑ 3.25
Ref Calculation Output
Gk kN Qk kN
Gk kN Qk kN
5.0 Summary of Gravity Loads Wall Grid 1 (Ground Floor to 1st Floor)
30 kN/m
6@3.5=21m
630 kN
Wk = 6M/L2
= 6 (7245)/202
1st Fl
= 109 kN/m
Grd Fl
1m
1m
20 m
Ref Calculation Output
5th Fl
H5
Hi =ɸi(Nb – Na)
ɸ 4th Fl
H4 where ɸi = 1/410 (Table 3.1 pg 17)
3rd Fl (Nb – Na) = axial load from each level
H3
2nd Fl
H2
1st Fl
H1
Grd Fl
20 m
Ref Calculation Output
20 m
Ref Calculation Output
For the purpose of evaluating the transverse moment, slabs of 1000mm width is assumed
framing into Wall 1. One Free Joint sub frame is used to evaluate transverse moments.
Stiffness K: EI/L
Kwall upper 3.72 x105
Gk & Qk
1st Floor
0.5Kslab 0.45 x105
Mtlower
As Ground floor is non suspended, total height
3500+1000
5000
Ref Calculation Output
LC1: Qk as lead action Wk as accompanying action LC2: Wk as lead action Qk as accompanying action
N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Qk + 1.05Wk N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Wk + 1.05Qk
Mt lower: Mt lower:
=(Klower /∑K)xFEM =(Klower /∑K)xFEM
=(2.89/7.06)x25.5 =(2.89/7.06)x22.5
=(0.41)x25.5 = 10.5 kNm/m =(0.41)x22.5 = 9.25 kNm/m
Ref Calculation Output
LC1: Qk as lead action Wk as accompanying action LC2: Wk as lead action Qk as accompanying action
N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Qk + 1.05Wk N Ed = 1.35Gk +1.5Wk + 1.05Qk
N Ed = 1.0Gk ± 1.5Wk
= 1.0(202+6.7) ± 1.5(109)
= 372.2 or 45.20 kN/m…………No Tension
Ref Calculation Output
Momen due to imperfections M imp = Ned x (Lo/400) = 486.50 x (3.676/400) = 4.5 kNm/m
2.63 kNm/m
Note that Ned obtained from LC2 where as M01 = 2.63 + 4.5 = 7.15 kNm/m
Med is derived from LC1
Ref Calculation Output
In Summary:
Ned = 486.50 kN/m
(Gk, Qk, Wk)
M02 = 15 kNm/m
(Gk, Qk)
Transverse Moment
1st Fl - Foundation
10.1 Column Design Procedure (Ned 486.5 kN/m & Med 15 kNm/m)
Adopt cover to horizontal bars as 30mm, thus cover to main vertical bars = 30 +10+(16/2) cover=48mm
where lacer bars taken as 10mm and main vertical bars as 16mm.
Thus,
Asc = {(486.5x103) – (0.43 x 30 x 250)} / (0.67 x 500)
= 1443 mm2/m or 722 mm2/m each face….>>250 mm2/m @ each face Provide:
H16-250
(The distance between two adjacent vertical bars should not exceed the lesser of either (804 mm2/m
three times the wall thickness or 400 mm…………..ok) @ each face)
Ref Calculation Output
The minimum area of horizontal reinforcement in walls is the greater of either 25% of
vertical reinforcement or 0.001 Ac. However, where crack control is important, early age
thermal and shrinkage effects should be considered explicitly.
Normal stress due to min permanent action, Ϭcp = Ned / A = (202+6.7)x103 / 250x1000
= 0.83 N/mm2
Overturning Moments @ A:
i) Wind:
= 30 x 21 x (21/2 + 2) = 7875 kNm
Self Wt Component
30 kN/m
6@3.5=21m
Restoring Moments @ A:
={4263.75 + (0x902.5) + (21.8x2x1x25)} x (21.8/2)
1st Fl
= 58,356 kNm
Grd Fl @ULS
1m Overturning Moment:
1m H =(1.5x7875) + (1.1x956) = 12,864.5 kNm
A 20 m FoS= 4.0
L= 21.80 m Restoring Moment:
= (0.9x58,356) = 52,520 kNm…>>12,864.5 kNm OK!!
Ref Calculation Output
H10-350 EF
1st Fl
9H16-175 9H16-175
EF EF
H16-250 EF
Ground Fl
*EF=Each Face
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