GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED

EXCEL REVIEW CENTER

SCIENCES
CEBU: JRT Building, Imus Avenue,
Day-As, Cebu City 09173239235
my.excelreviewcenter.com.ph
Physics Part 1

P H YS I C S Newton’s Laws of Motion If a ball were rolling on a

First Law The ball will no move
unless there is a force
frictionless surface, it
would keep moving
(Law of Inertia) to cause it to move. unless met with an
“A body at rest will remain at rest, and a outside force.
Physics is the branch of science that studies body in motion will remain in motion
how nature behaves. It relates to all other types unless it is acted upon by an external
of sciences: chemistry, biology, geology, force.”
astronomy, mechanics, etc. Since the Because the mass of each ball is
knowledge that we have about the behavior of
nature is constantly growing and changing, so is
Second Law different, each ball will travel a
different distance and at a different
this branch of science. (Law of Acceleration) speed when it is hit with the same
“The force acting on an object is equal force.

FORCE and
to the mass of that object times its
acceleration.” F = ma

MOTION Excel Review Center

Third Law
When there is a force by
one side, there will be
opposite and equal force
Force is any interaction that, when (Law of Reaction) by the other side, cause
unopposed, will change the motion of “For every action, there is an equal and each to move in
an object. Force can cause an object opposite reaction.” opposite direction.
with mass to change its velocity
(which includes to begin moving from
a state of rest), i.e. to accelerate. Force
can also be described intuitively as a Newton’s “The gravitational force between two masses is directly
proportional to the product of the two masses (m1 and
Law of
push or a pull. The SI unit of force is
newton (N). Its SI base units is kg- m2) and inversely proportional to the square distance, d,
m/s2. Other units are dyne, poundal, between them.”
pound-force and kip.

1 N = 1 kg (1 m/s2)
Universal d
F=G
m1m2

Gravitation
F
1 dyne = 1 g (1 cm/s2) d2
1 lbf = 1 slug (1 ft/s2)
G = gravitational constant = 6.673 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2
Motion is the phenomenon in which an
object changes its position over time.

Inertia is the property of matter that

Work, Power and Energy
causes it to resist a change in its state Work is the product of the force applied to an object and the displacement through which the force
of motion. acts on an object.

SCALAR and W=Fxd or W = Fd cos θ (if displacement makes an angle θ with the force)

VECTOR The standard unit of work and energy is joule (J).

1 J = 1 N-m = 1 kg-m2/s2 1 erg = (1 dyne)(1 cm) 1 ft-lb = (1 lbf)(1 ft)

Scalar quantity is a quantity that has
only magnitude. Energy is the capacity to do work. Potential energy (PE) is the energy in a body due to its
position. Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy in a body due to its motion.
Examples: Length, Area, Volume, Speed,
Distance, Mass, Density, Temperature, 1 1
Pressure, Energy, Work, Entropy, KE translational = mv 2 KE rotational = I2
Power, Resistance, Charge, Mechanical 2 2
Advantage, Electric and Magnetic PE = mgh v = r
Potential, Angle, etc.
Where: I = rotational inertia of an object, ω = angular velocity, v = linear velocity
Vector quantity is a quantity that has
both a magnitude and a direction.
Power is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is expended. Unit of power is
watt (W). Another unit of power is horsepower (hp).
Examples: Displacement, Direction,
Velocity, Acceleration, Momentum,
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N-m/s 1 hp = 746 W = 550 ft-lb/s
Impulse, Force, Electric Field, Magnetic
Field, Weight, Torque, Moment of
Force, Dipole moment, etc. Excel Review Center