(i) Describe the distribution of soil erosion in Balochistan.

[3]
(ii) Explain why the dry climate of Balochistan increases the risk of soil erosion. [3]
(iii) Where does eroded soil go to? [3]
(iv) How can soil be protected in areas of low and unreliable rainfall? [4] *
(i) Name the cities A, B and C.
A: Karachi
B: Hyderabad
C: Sukkar
(ii) Name the desert D.
Thall
(iii) Name the river E. [5]
Indus

(b)
(i) Explain the physical reasons for a high density of population in area Y. [4]
(ii) Explain the low population density in area X. [3]
(i) On the map name the following:
• Mountain range A
• City B
• River C [3]

(ii) Explain the causes of high rainfall at city B.

2 (a) (i) Suggest one reason why farming is more productive on flat land.
(i) On the map name the following:
• Line of longitude A
62
• River B
• City C
(iii) Explain the difficulties for people living in areas of low rainfall. [3]

Explain the effect of flooding on the local economy and transport links in communities along the
River Indus. [4]
(i) Name the towns A, B and C.
A ............................................................
.B ............................................................
C ............................................................. [3]

(ii) Name one of the passes D, E and F shown on Fig. 5, and name the country that it links to
Pakistan.
Letter
Name
Country [2]

2.
(a) Study Fig. 2 and name the following:
(i) the line of latitude A;
(ii) the mountain pass B;
(iii) the province D. [3]

In what ways does the winter climate make life difficult for people who live in mountainous
areas?

1 (a) Study Photograph A (Insert), a Persian Wheel.

(i) With reference to the photograph, explain how this machine is used for water supply. [3]

(iv) What are the advantages and disadvantages of winter rainfall in Northern Pakistan?

Explain how topography and drainage cause problems for farming in Balochistan [4]

Define Irrigation [1]

Name and deceive one type of conventional irrigation system used in Pakistan [2]
Name either desert X or desert Y.

letter chosen: X= Kharan Y=Thal

name of desert: [1]

(ii) Using Fig. 2.1 only, describe the location of the desert named in (a)(i) above. [3]

X - KHARAN DESERT Y - THAL DESERT

In Balochistan In Punjab

In the west/south-west of Pakistan In central Pakistan

(close to) border with Afghanistan/Iran Not near an international border/on KPK
border
(iii) Study Fig. 2.2 (Insert), a photograph of part of the Thar desert. Using Fig. 2.2 only, state two
features of the desert shown.
● sandy soil/sand/sand dunes
● ridges/depressions/undulating/rolling/uneven/crescentic dunes/curved dunes
● flat land in distance
● dry/arid/barren/infertile land/lack of rain/water
● sparsely vegetated/low/lack of vegetation/scanty vegetation

Describe how water is obtained for irrigation using this method. [4]
(i) Label on Fig. 1.1 the province-level areas in the correct locations using the letters from the
list below.
 <- ANSWER for (i)

(ii) Name the cities Y and Z.

Y: Multan
Z: Hyderabad
(i) On the map name the following landforms in the boxes provided:
Balochistan Plateau; Himalayan Ranges; Karakoram Range; Salt Range. [4]

(b) (i) Define the term ‘topography’. [1]

(The study or description of) features of the landscape, (which includes both natural and
artificial features) / natural characteristics of land / structural features of landscape.

(ii) Describe the natural topography of the northern regions. [3]

• V shaped valleys / deep valleys / narrow valleys / gorges;
• U shaped valleys;
• High altitude (6000 m+) / snow-capped or high peaks / hilly / mountainous;
• Steep slopes / uneven / rugged;
• Scree; • Bare rocks / rocky / barren;
• Snowfields / glaciers;
• Parallel ranges; •
High passes (Khunjerab / Shandur / Lawarai);
• Rivers / streams / rapids / waterfalls.

(iii) Describe the importance of the Northern Mountains to Pakistan [4]

• Snow-capped peaks melt during summer to drain water into rivers;
• Provides water from high rainfall;
• Provides water for hydel power / energy;
• River water used for irrigation / agriculture;
• Historical passes connect Pakistan to China and Afghanistan;
• A natural border (to China and the Central Asian Republics); \
• Provides a land /trade route through Karakoram Highway;
• Source of valuable minerals, timber and fruits;
• Provides raw material to several industries or examples: furniture / paper / chipboard /
industry / chemical industry;
• Mountain peaks provide protection to Pakistan against the cold winds from Central
Asia;
• Scenic beauty promotes tourism / named landmarks, e.g. K2;
• Source of income from tourism / tourists / contribute to economy

(i) Name rivers V, W, X and Y.

V INDUS
W JHELUM
X CHENAB
Y RAVI [4]

(ii) Name dam Z shown on Fig. 2.1.

Z MANGLA DAM [1]