CHAPTER 4 - COMPRESSION MEMBERS

4.3-1

(a) L c  KL  1. 010  12  45. 28

r r 2. 65
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 139. 6 ksi
L c /r 45. 28 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since L c /r  45. 28  113. 4, use AISC Eq. E3-2.
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/139.6 50  43. 04 ksi
P n  F cr A g  43. 0429. 3  1260 kips P n  1260 kips
1. 030  12
(b) Lrc  KL
r   135. 8
2. 65
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 15. 52 ksi
L c /r 135. 8 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since L c /r  135. 8  113. 4, use AISC Eq. E3-3:
F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87715. 52  13. 61 ksi
P n  F cr A g  13. 6129. 3  399 kips P n  399 kips

4.3-2
L c  KL  1. 025  12  81. 52
r r 3. 68
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 43. 07 ksi
L c /r 81. 52 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  135. 6
Fy 35
Since L c /r  81. 52  135. 6, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 35/43.07 35  24. 91 ksi
P n  F cr A g  24. 9111. 5  287 kips P n  287 kips

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4.3-3
L c  KL  2. 115  12  154. 3
r r 2. 45
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 12. 02 ksi
L c /r 154. 3 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since L c /r  154. 3  113. 4, use AISC Eq. E3-3:
F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87712. 02  10. 54 ksi
P n  F cr A g  10. 5416. 7  176. 0 kips P n  176 kips

4.3-4

(a) L c  KL  0. 6515  12  48. 95

r r 2. 39
 2 E   29000  119. 5 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 48. 95 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3
Fy 46
Since L c /r  48. 95  118. 3, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/119.5 46  39. 15 ksi
P n  F cr A g  39. 1513. 5  528. 5 kips
Design strength   c P n  0. 90528. 5  475. 7 kips  c P n  476 kips

Allowable strength  P n  528. 5  316. 5 kips P n  316 kips

c 1. 67 c
(b) From Manual Table 4-14, for L c /r  48. 95 and F y  46 ksi,
 c F cr  35. 2 ksi (for L c /r  49)
 c P n   c F cr A g  35. 213. 5  475 kips  c P n  475 kips
F cr  23. 4 ksi (for L /r  49)
c
c
P n  F cr A g  23. 413. 5  316 kips P n  316 kips
c c c

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4.3-5

(a) L c  KL  0. 813  12  50. 32

r r 2. 48
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 113. 0 ksi
L c /r 50. 32 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since L c /r  50. 32  113. 4, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/113.0 50  41. 55 ksi
P n  F cr A g  41. 5524. 0  997. 2 kips
Design strength   c P n  0. 90997. 2  897. 5 kips  c P n  897 kips

Allowable strength  P n  997. 2  597. 1 kips P n  597 kips

c 1. 67 c
(b) From Manual Table 4-14, for L c /r  50. 32 and F y  50 ksi,
 c F cr  37. 40 ksi (by interpolation)
 c P n   c F cr A g  37. 4024. 0  897. 6 kips  c P n  898 kips
F cr  24. 87 ksi (by interpolation)
c
P n  F cr A g  24. 8724. 0  596. 9 kips P n  597 kips
c c c

4.3-6

(a) L c  KL  0. 812  12  42. 83

r r 2. 69
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 156. 0 ksi
L c /r 42. 83 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since L c /r  42. 83  113. 4, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/156.0 50  43. 72 ksi
P n  F cr A g  43. 7235. 1  1535 kips
Design strength   c P n  0. 901535  1382 kips  c P n  1380 kips

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Allowable strength  P n  1535  919. 2 kips P n  919 kips
c 1. 67 c
(b) From Manual Table 4-14, for L c /r  42. 83 and F y  50 ksi,
 c F cr  39. 33 ksi (by interpolation)
 c P n   c F cr A g  39. 3335. 1  1380 kips  c P n  1380 kips
F cr  26. 22 ksi (by interpolation)
c
P n  F cr A g  26. 2235. 1  920. 3 kips P n  920 kips
c c c

4.3-7
L c  KL  0. 810  12  57. 83
r r 1. 66
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 85. 58 ksi
L c /r 57. 83 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3  57. 83

Fy 46
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/85.58 46  36. 73 ksi
P n  F cr A g  36. 735. 24  192. 5 kips
(a) Let P u   c P n
1. 2D  1. 62D  0. 90192. 5, Solution is: D  39. 38
P  D  L  39. 38  239. 38  118 kips P  118 kips
(b) Let P a  P n / c
D  L  192. 5/1. 67  115 kips P  115 kips

4.3-8
L c  KL  0. 830  12  93. 81
r r 3. 07
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 32. 52 ksi
L c /r 93. 81 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  93. 81

Fy 50

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 ∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/32.52 50  26. 27 ksi
P n  F cr A g  26. 2725. 6  672. 5 kips
(a)  c P n  0. 90672. 5  605 kips
P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2110  1. 6280  580 kips  605 kips (OK)
A W12  87 is adequate

(b) P n  672. 5  403 kips

c 1. 67
P a  D  L  110  280  390 kips  403 kips (OK)
A W12  87 is adequate

4.4-1
Compute the overall, or flexural, buckling strength.
L c  KL  2. 012  12  288 in.

Maximum Lrc  Lr yc  288  87. 8  200 (OK)

3. 28

4. 71 E  4. 71 29, 000  118

Fy 46
Since 87.8  118, use AISC Equation E3-2.
 2 E   29000  37. 13 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 87. 8 2
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/37.13 46  27. 39 ksi
The nominal strength is
P n  F cr A g  27. 396. 06  166. 0 kips
Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual,
the width-thickness ratio for the larger overall dimension is
h  54. 5
t
The ratio for the smaller dimension is
b  43. 0
t
From AISC Table B4.1, case 12 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for
nonslender elements is

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  r  1. 40 E  1. 40 29, 000  35. 15
Fy 46

Since both h and b are  1.40 E , both elements are slender and the local buckling
t t Fy
strength must be computed. (Although the limiting width-thickness ratio is labeled b/t
in the table, that is a generic notation, and it applies to h/t as well.)
For the larger dimension,

  h  54. 5
t
Fy 46
r  35. 15  45. 55
F cr 27. 39
Since   54. 5  45. 55,

be  b 1 − c1 F eℓ F eℓ
F cr F cr
From AISC Table E7-1, Case b,
c 1  0. 20
c 2  1. 38
The elastic buckling stress is

F eℓ  c 2  r
2 2
F y  1. 38 35. 15 46  36. 44 ksi
 54. 5
The unreduced length of the longer side can be taken as
b  10 − 3t  10 − 30. 174  9. 478 in.
and the effective width is

be  b 1 − c1 F eℓ F eℓ
F cr F cr

 9. 478 1 − 0. 20 36. 44 36. 44  8. 41 in.

27. 39 27. 39
For the smaller dimension,
b  43. 0
t
Fy 46
r  35. 15  45. 55
F cr 27. 39
Since   43. 0  45. 55, be  b

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The effective cross-sectional area is
A e  A g − ∑b − b e t
 6. 06 − 29. 478 − 8. 410. 174  5. 688 in. 2
The nominal compressive strength is
P n  F cr A e  27. 395. 688  156 kips P n  156 kips

4.4-2
Compute the overall, or flexural, buckling strength.
2. 1010  12
Maximum Lrc  KL
ry   87. 20  200 (OK)
2. 89
4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since 87.20  113.4, use AISC Equation E3-2.
 2 E   29000  37. 64 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 87. 20 2
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/37.64 50  28. 68 ksi
The nominal strength is
P n  F cr A g  28. 6829. 8  855 kips
Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual,
the width-thickness ratio of the web is
h  37. 5
tw
From AISC Table B4.1 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for nonslender
elements is

1. 49 E  1. 49 29000  35. 88
Fy 50

Since h  1.49 E , the web is slender.

tw Fy

For the flange,

bf
 7. 68  0. 56 E  0. 56 29000  13. 49 ∴ flange is not slender
2t f Fy 50
For the web,

[4-7]
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   h  37. 5
tw

 r  1. 49 29000  35. 88
50
Fy 50
r  35. 88  47. 37
F cr 28. 68
Since   47. 37, b e  b, and there is no reduction in area. P n  855 kips

4.6-1

L c  KL  1. 018  18 ft
(a-1) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2265  1. 6130  526. 0 kips
From the column load tables for L c  18 ft, a W14  74 has a design strength of 563
kips. Use a W14  74
(a-2) P a  D  L  265  130  395 kips
From the column load tables for L c  18 ft, a W14  82 has an allowable strength of
413 kips. Use a W14  82
(b-1) Assume F cr  25 ksi

Ag  P u  526. 0  23. 4 in. 2

 c F cr 0. 9025
Try W16  77 (a nonslender shape), A g  22. 6 in. 2 , r y  2.47 in.
L c  18  12  87. 45  200 (OK)
ry 2. 47
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 37. 43 ksi
L c /r 87. 45 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5  87. 45

Fy 60
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/37.43 60  30. 67 ksi
P n  F cr A g  30. 6722. 6  693. 1 kips
 c P n  0. 90693. 1  624 kips  P u  526 kips (OK, but try a lighter shape.)
Try a W16  67 (a slender shape), A g  19. 6 in. 2 , r y  2. 46 in.
Compute the overall, or flexural, buckling strength.
18  12
Maximum Lrc  Lr yc   87. 8  200 (OK)
2. 46

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 4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5
Fy 60
Since 87.8  103.5, use AISC Equation E3-2.
 2 E   29000  37. 13 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2
87. 8 2
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/37.13 60  30. 51 ksi
The nominal flexural buckling strength is
P n  F cr A g  30. 5119. 6  598. 0 kips
Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual,
the width-thickness ratio of the web is
h  35. 9
tw
From AISC Table B4.1 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for nonslender
elements is

1. 49 E  1. 49 29000  32. 76
Fy 60

Since h  1.49 E , the web is slender.

tw Fy

For the flange,

bf
 7. 70  0. 56 E  0. 56 29000  13. 49 ∴ flange is not slender
2t f Fy 50
For the web,

  h  35. 9
tw

 r  1. 49 29000  32. 76
60
Fy 60
r  32. 76  45. 94
F cr 30. 51
Since   45. 94, b e  b, and there is no reduction in area. Therefore,
P n  598. 0 kips, and  c P n  0. 90598  538 kips  526 kips (OK)
Use a W16  67
(b-2) Assume F cr  25 ksi

[4-9]
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 Ag  P a  395  26. 3 in. 2
0. 6F cr 0. 625
Try W16  89 (a nonslender shape), A g  26. 2 in. 2 , r y  2.49 in.
L c  18  12  86. 75  200 (OK)
ry 2. 49
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 38. 03 ksi
L c /r 86. 75 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5  86. 75

Fy 60
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/38.03 60  31. 0 ksi
P n  F cr A g  31. 026. 2  812. 2 kips
P n  812. 2  486  P  395 kips (OK, but try a smaller shape)
a
c 1. 67
Try W16  77 (a nonslender shape) , A g  22. 6 in. 2 , r y  2.47 in.
L c  18  12  87. 45  200 (OK)
ry 2. 47
 2 E   29000  37. 43 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 87. 45 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5  87. 45

Fy 60
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/37.43 60  30. 67 ksi
P n  F cr A g  30. 6722. 6  693. 1 kips
P n  693. 1  415  P  395 kips (OK) Use a W16 77
a
c 1. 67

4.6-2
L c  KL  2. 020  40 ft
(a-1) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2110  1. 6110  308 kips
From the column load tables for L c  40 ft, a W12  120 has a design strength of 339
kips. Use a W12  120
(a-2) P a  D  L  110  110  220 kips
From the column load tables for L c  40 ft, a W12  120 has an allowable strength of
225 kips. Use a W12  120

[4-10]
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(b-1) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2110  1. 6110  308 kips
Assume F cr  25 ksi

Ag  Pu  308  13. 69 in. 2

 c F cr 0. 9025
Try W18  65 (a nonslender shape), A g  19. 1 in. 2 , r y  1.69 in.
L c  KL  2. 020  12  284. 0  200
ry ry 1. 69
Try W18  86 (a nonslender shape), A g  25. 3 in. 2 , r y  2.63 in.
L c  KL  2. 020  12  182. 5  200
ry ry 2. 63
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 8. 594 ksi
L c /r 182. 5 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  108. 2  182. 5

Fy 55

∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 8778. 594  7. 537 ksi

P n  F cr A g  7. 53725. 3  190. 7 kips
 c P n  0. 90190. 7  171. 6 kips  P u  308 kips (N.G.)
Assume F cr  8 ksi

Ag  P u  308  42. 8 in. 2

 c F cr 0. 908
Try W18  158 (a nonslender shape), A g  46. 3 in. 2 , r y  2.74 in.
L c  KL  2. 020  12  175. 2  200
ry ry 2. 74
 2 E   29000  9. 325 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 175. 2 2
L c  4. 71 E ∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 8779. 325  8. 178 ksi
ry Fy

P n  F cr A g  8. 17846. 3  378. 6 kips

 c P n  0. 90378. 6  341 kips  P u  308 kips (OK)
Try the next lightest shape; try a W18  143 (a nonslender shape), A g  42. 0 in. 2 ,
r y  2.72 in.
L c  KL  2. 020  12  176. 5  200
ry ry 2. 72

[4-11]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  2 E   29000  9. 188 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 176. 5 2
L c  4. 71 E ∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 8779. 188  8. 058 ksi
ry Fy

P n  F cr A g  8. 05842. 0  338. 4 kips

 c P n  0. 90338. 4  305 kips  P u  308 kips (N.G.) Use a W18  158
(b-2) P a  D  L  110  110  220 kips
Assume F cr  8 ksi

Ag  P a  220  45. 8 in. 2

0. 6F cr 0. 68
Try W18  158 (a nonslender shape), A g  46. 3 in. 2 , r y  2.74 in.
L c  KL  2. 020  12  175. 2  200
ry ry 2. 74
 2 E   29000  9. 325 ksi
2
Fe 
KL/r 2 175. 2 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  108. 2  175. 2

Fy 55

∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 8779. 325  8. 178 ksi

P n  F cr A g  8. 17846. 3  378. 6 kips
P n  378. 6  227  P  220 kips (OK) Use a W18  158
a
c 1. 67

4.6-3
L c  KL  2. 112  25. 2 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2100  1. 6300  600. 0 kips
HSS 16  12  3
8
:  c P n  614 kips  600 kips, w  68. 3 lb/ft
Use HSS 16  12  3
8

(b) P a  D  L  100  300  400 kips

HSS 16  12  3
8
:: P n / c  408 kips  400 kips, w  68. 3 lb/ft
Use HSS 16  12  3
8
:

[4-12]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4.6-4
L c  KL  0. 815  12 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 242  1. 642  118 kips
Pipe 6 Std:  c P n  133 kips  118 kips; w  19. 0 lb/ft Use a Pipe 6 Std.
(b) P a  D  L  42  42  84 kips
Pipe 6 Std: P n / c  88. 4 kips  84 kips; w  19. 0 lb/ft Use a Pipe 6 Std.

4.6-5
L c  KL  2. 112  25. 2 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2100  1. 6300  600 kips
HP16  88:  c P n  709 kips Use HP16  88
(b) P a  D  L  100  300  400 kips
HP12  87: P n / c  430 kips Use HP12  87

4.6-6
L c  KL  0. 815  12 ft
Use Grade C, F y  50 ksi.
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 242  1. 642  118 kips
HSS 7  5  3/16:  c P n  125 kips, w  14. 5 lb/ft Use HSS 7  5  3/16
(b) P a  D  L  42  42  84 kips
HSS 8  6  3/16: P n / c  104 kips  84 kips, w  17. 1 lb/ft
Use HSS 8  6  3/16

4.6-7
P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 290  1. 6260  524 kips
L c  KL  0. 6515. 33  9. 965 say 10 ft
(a) Use a W16  67 ( c P n  741 kips)
(b) Use a Pipe 12 XS (w  65. 5 lb/ft,  c P n  530 kips)

[4-13]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 (c) Use an HSS 10  10  3
8
(w  47. 9 lb/ft,  c P n  555 kips)
(d) Use an HSS 12 8  3
8
(w  47. 9 lb/ft,  c P n  538 kips)

4.6-8
P a  D  L  90  260  350 kips
L c  KL  0. 6515. 33  9. 965 say 10 ft
(a) Use a W16  67 (P n / c  493 kips)
(b) Use a Pipe 12 XS (w  65. 5 lb/ft, P n / c  353 kips)
(c) Use an HSS 10  10 x 3/8 (w  47. 9 lb/ft, P n / c  369 kips)
(d) Use an HSS 9  7  1/2 (w  48. 9 lb/ft, P n / c  351 kips)
4.6-9
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 290  1. 6260  524 kips
L c  KL  0. 6515. 33  9. 965 ft say 10 ft
From Manual Table 6-2, Try a W21 x 62:
 c P n  572 kips 524 kips (OK) Use a W21 x 62

(b) P a  D  L  90  260  350 kips

From Manual Table 6-2, Try a W21 x 62:
P n  381 kips 350 kips (OK) Use a W21 x 62
c

4.7-1
K x L  2. 113  12  46. 14, KyL 1. 013  12
rx r y
  62. 15 (controls)
7. 10 2. 51
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 74. 10 ksi
L c /r 62. 15 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5  62. 15

Fy 60
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/74.10 60  42. 75 ksi

[4-14]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 P n  F cr A g  42. 7529. 4  1260 kips
Check for slender compression elements for F y  60 ksi.
bf E  0. 56 29000  12. 3
Flange:    5. 29,  r  0. 56
2t f Fy 60
Since    r , flange is nonslender.

Web:   h  24. 3,  r  1. 49 E  1. 49 29000  32. 8

tw Fy 60
Since    r , web is nonslender. Therefore, the nominal compressive strength is
P n  1260 kips.
P n  1260 kips

4.7-2
For an HSS 10  6  5/16, A g  8. 76 in. 2 , r x  3. 66 in., r y  2. 47 in., and there are
no slender elements (see Manual Table 1-12A).
K x L  15  12  49. 18, KyL 9  12
rx 3. 66 r y  2. 47  43. 72
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 118. 3 ksi
L c /r 49. 18 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3
Fy 46
Since L c /r  49. 18  118. 3, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/118.3 46  39. 09 ksi
P n  F cr A g  39. 098. 76  342. 4 kips
(a)  c P n  0. 90342. 4  308. 2 kips  c P n  308 kips

(b) P n  342. 4  205. 0 kips P n  205 kips

c 1. 67 c

4.7-3

For a W12  79, A g  23. 2 in. 2 , r x  5. 34, in., r y  3. 05 in.

K x L  28  12  62. 92, KyL 16  12
rx 5. 34 r y  3. 05  62. 95 (controls)

[4-15]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  2 E   29000  72. 23 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 62. 95 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  103. 5
Fy 60
Since L c /r  62. 95  103. 5, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 60/72.23 60  42. 38 ksi
P n  F cr A g  42. 3823. 2  983. 2 kips
Check for slender compression elements for F y  60 ksi.

Flange:   b  8. 22,  r  0. 56 E  0. 56 29000  12. 3

2t f Fy 60
Since    r , flange is nonslender.

Web:   h  20. 7,  r  1. 49 E  1. 49 29000  32. 8

tw Fy 60
Since    r , web is nonslender. Therefore, the nominal compressive strength is
P n  983. 2 kips.
(a) LRFD Solution:
 c P n  0. 90983. 2  885 kips
P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2180  1. 6320  728 kips  885 kips (OK)
Yes; member is satisfactory.
(b) ASD Solution:
P n  983. 2  589 kips
c 1. 67
P a  D  L  180  320  500 kips  589 kips (OK)
Yes; member is satisfactory.

4.7-4
L cx  K x L  22 ft, L cy  K y L  22 − 10  12 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2142  1. 6356  740. 0 kips
From the column load tables for L c  12 ft, try a W14  74
 c P n  767 kips for L c  12 ft.

[4-16]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 L cx  22  9. 02 ft  12 ft Use a W14  74
r x /r y 2. 44
(b) P a  D  L  142  356  498 kips
From the column load tables for L c  12 ft, try a W14  74
P n  510 kips for L  12 ft.
c
c
L cx  22  9. 02 ft  12 ft Use a W14  74
r x /r y 2. 44

4.7-5
L cx  K x L  35 ft, L cy  K y L  15 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2380  1. 61140  2280 kips
From the column load tables for L c  15 ft, there are no W8 or W10 shapes with
enough strength. Try a W12  230 :
 c P n  2450 kips for L c  15 ft
L cx  35  19. 44 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 80
For L c  19 ft,  c P n  2150 kips  2280 kips (N.G.)
Try a W12  252:
L cx  35  19. 34 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 81
For L c  20 ft,  c P n  2290 kips  2280 kips (OK)
Investigate W14 shapes: Try a W14  211.  c P n  2420 kips for L c  15 ft
L cx  35  21. 74 ft.  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 61
For L c  20 ft,  c P n  2160 kips  2280 kips (N.G.)
Try a W14  233:
K x L  35  21. 60 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 62
For L c  21. 60 ft,  c P n  2360 kips  2280 kips (OK)
The W14  233 is the lightest W shape (in the column load tables) that will work.
Use a W14  233
(b) P a  D  L  380  1140  1520 kips

[4-17]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
From the column load tables for L c  15 ft, there are no W8 or W10 shapes with
enough strength.
Try a W12  230 :
P n  1630 kips for L  15 ft
c
c
L cx  35  19. 44 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 80

For L c  19 ft, P n  1430 kips  1520 kips (N.G.)

c
Try a W12  252:
L cx  35  19. 34 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 81

For L c  20 ft, P n  1520 kips  P a (OK)

c
Investigate W14 shapes: Try a W14  211. P n  2000 kips for L c  15 ft
c
L cx  35  21. 74 ft.  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 61

For L c  20 ft, P n  1440 kips  1520 kips (N.G.)

c
Try a W14  233:
L cx  35  21. 60 ft  15 ft
r x /r y 1. 62

For L c  21. 60 ft, P n  1530 kips  1520 kips (OK)

c
The W14  233 is the lightest W shape (in the column load tables) that will work.
Use a W14  233

4.7-6
L cx  K x L  15 ft, L cy  K y L  7. 5 ft

The x-axis strength will control when r x /r y  L cx  2. 0. This is true for all
L cy
rectangular HSS.
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 235  1. 680  170. 0 kips

Assume r x /r y  1. 2, L cx  15  12. 5 ft
r x /r y 1. 2

[4-18]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Try an HSS 9  7  3/16 (w  19. 6 lb/ft):
L cx  15  12. 40 ft,  c P n  180 kips for L c  13 ft (OK)
r x /r y 1. 21
Use an HSS 9  7  3/16
(b) P a  D  L  35  80  115 kips

Assume r x /r y  1. 2, L cx  15  12. 5 ft
r x /r y 1. 2
Try an HSS 9  7  3/16 (w  19. 7 lb/ft):
L cx  15  12. 4 ft, P n  120 kips  P (OK)
a
r x /r y 1. 21 c
Use an HSS 9  7  3/16

4.7-7
L cx  K x L  27 ft, L cy  K y L  15 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 233  1. 682  171 kips
Try an HSS 10 x 8 x 1/4.
L cx  K x L  27  12  84. 16 L cy KyL 15  12
rx rx 3. 85 r y  r y  3. 25  55. 38
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 40. 41 ksi
L c /r 84. 16 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3
Fy 46
Since L c /r  84. 16  118. 3, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/40.41 46  28. 57 ksi
P n  F cr A g  28. 578. 03  229. 4 kips
Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual,
the width-thickness ratio for the larger overall dimension is
h  39. 9
t
The ratio for the smaller dimension is
b  31. 3
t
From AISC Table B4.1, case 12 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for

[4-19]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
nonslender elements is

 r  1. 40 E  1. 40 29, 000  35. 15

Fy 46

Since h is  1.40 E , this element is slender and the local buckling strength must be
t Fy
computed.
  h  54. 5
t
Fy 46
r  35. 15  38. 13
F cr 39. 09
Since   54. 5  38. 13,

be  b 1 − c1 F eℓ F eℓ
F cr F cr
From AISC Table E7-1, Case b,
c 1  0. 20
c 2  1. 38
The elastic buckling stress is

F eℓ  c 2  r
2 2
F y  1. 38 35. 15 46  36. 44 ksi
 54. 5
The unreduced length of the longer side can be taken as
b  10 − 3t  10 − 30. 233  9. 301 in.
and the effective width is

be  b 1 − c1 F eℓ F eℓ
F cr F cr

 9. 301 1 − 0. 20 36. 44 36. 44  7. 246 in.

39. 09 39. 09
The effective cross-sectional area is
A e  A g − ∑b − b e t
 8. 03 − 29. 301 − 7. 2460. 233  7. 072 in. 2
The nominal compressive strength is
P n  F cr A e  39. 097. 072  276. 4 kips ∴ flexural buckling controls, and
 c P n  0. 90229. 4  207 kips  171 kips (OK)

[4-20]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Use an HSS 10 x 8 x 1/4
(b) P a  D  L  33  82  115 kips
Try an HSS 10 x 8 x 1/4. From the LRFD solution, P n  276. 4 kips.
P n  276. 4  166 kips  115 kips (OK) Use an HSS 10 x 8 x 1/4
c 1. 67

4.7-8
∑ I col /L col 2303/12
(a) Column AB: G A  10, GB    0. 991
∑ I g /L g 2510/20
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 90 K x  1. 90
(b) Column BC: G C  G B  0. 991 and
K x  1. 31
(c) Column AB:
L cx  K x L  1. 9012  12  62. 61
rx rx 4. 37
4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic. Since K x for column BC is smaller,

x Fy
K x L/r x is smaller, so column BC is also inelastic.
 b is applicable to both columns.
4.7-9
∑ I col /L col 2460/13  1750/13
G A  1. 0, GB    10. 1
∑ I g /L g 800/25
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 9
L cx  1. 913  12  36. 91
rx 8. 03
4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic.

x Fy

(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 2204  1. 6408  897. 6 kips

[4-21]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 P u  897. 6  23. 4 ksi
Ag 38. 3
From Table 4-13 in the Manual,  b  1. 00.
Use G B  1. 010. 1  10. 1
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 9 K x  1. 9
(b) P a  D  L  204  408  612 kips
P a  612  16. 0 ksi
Ag 38. 3
From Table 4-13 in the Manual,  a  0. 999
Use G B  0. 99910. 1  10. 1
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 86 K x  1. 9

4.7-10
∑ I col /L col 597/15
GA    0. 471, G B  10
∑ I g /L g 800/18  800/20
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 78
L cx  K x L  1. 7815  12  60. 34
rx rx 5. 31

4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic.

x Fy

(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 250  1. 6150  300 kips

P u  300  14. 22 ksi
Ag 21. 1
From Table 4-13 in the Manual,  b  1. 00 ∴ no modification is necessary.
L cy KyL 1. 015  12
ry  ry   59. 21  60. 34 ∴ Lrcx
x
controls
3. 04
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 78. 61 ksi
L c /r 60. 34 2
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/78.61 50  38. 31 ksi
P n  F cr A g  38. 3121. 1  808. 3 kips
 c P n  0. 90808. 3  728 kips  c P n  728 kips

[4-22]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
(b) P a  D  L  50  150  200 kips
P a  200  9. 479 ksi
Ag 21. 1
From Table 4-13 in the Manual,  a  1. 00 ∴ no modification is necessary. From part
(a), P n  808. 3 kips. The allowable strength is
P n  808. 3  484 kips P n  484 kips
c 1. 67 c

4.7-11
∑ I col /L col 2I/13
(a) Member AB: G A  10, GB    2. 3
∑ I g /L g 2I/30
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 2. 15 K x  2. 15
(b) Member BC: From part (a), G B  2. 3
∑ I col /L col I/13
GC    1. 54 K x  1. 57
∑ I g /L g 1. 5I/30
∑ I col /L col I/13
(c) Member DE: G D    0. 77
∑ I g /L g 21. 5I/30
∑ I col /L col 2I/13
GE    1. 15 K x  1. 3
∑ I g /L g 22I/30
(d) Member EF: From part (c), G E  1. 15. Use G F  1. 0 K x  1. 35

4.7-12
∑ I col /L col 2  640/15
GG    1. 92
∑ I g /L g 1330/30
∑ I col /L col 2  640/15
GF    0. 962
∑ I g /L g 2  1330/30
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 45
L cx  K x L  1. 4515  12  43. 65
rx rx 5. 98
4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

[4-23]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic.
x Fy

(a) Use LRFD to determine the stiffness reduction factor (Alternatively, ASD could
be used).
P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 280  1. 6159  350. 4 kips
P u  350. 4  19. 58 ksi
Ag 17. 9
From Table 4-13 in the Manual,  a  1. 0.
Use G G  1. 01. 92  1. 92, G F  1. 00. 962  0. 962
From the alignment chart,
K x ≈ 1. 42 K x  1. 42

(b) L cx  K x L  1. 4215  12  42. 74,

rx rx 5. 98
KyL 1. 015  12
ry  2. 45
 73. 47 (controls)

 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 53. 02 ksi
L c /r 73. 47 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  73. 47

Fy 50
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/53.02 50  33. 69 ksi
P n  F cr A g  33. 6917. 9  603 kips P n  603 kips

4.7-13
∑ I col /L col 55. 2/13
(a) G A  10. 0, GB    0. 27
∑ I g /L g 156/20  156/20
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 7
L cx  K x L  1. 713  12  122. 2
rx rx 2. 17

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3
Fy 46

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is elastic, and the stiffness reduction factor
x Fy
cannot be used.

[4-24]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 K x  1. 7
L cy KyL 1. 013  12
(b) ry  ry   71. 89  Lrcx
x
2. 17
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 19. 17 ksi
L c /r 122. 2 2
F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87719. 17  16. 81 ksi
P n  F cr A g  16. 8111. 7  196. 7 kips P n  197 kips

4.7-14
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 225  1. 675  150. 0 kips
For purposes of determining G, assume that y-axis buckling controls and select a shape
for AB. For L c  KL  1. 014  14 ft, select a W8  31 with  c P n  248 kips.
∑ I col /L col 110/14
GA    0. 27
∑ I g /L g 2291/20
∑ I col /L col 110/14  248/14
GB    0. 57
∑ I g /L g 2448/20
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 14
L cx  K x L  1. 1414  12  55. 19
rx rx 3. 47
4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic, and the stiffness reduction factor can
x Fy
be used. But
L cy KyL 1. 014  12
ry  ry   83. 17  Lrcx
x
2. 02
so y-axis buckling controls, and the stiffness reduction factor is not needed.
Use a W8  31
(b) P a  D  L  25  75  100 kips
For purposes of determining G, assume that y-axis buckling controls and select a shape
for AB. For L c  KL  1. 014  14 ft, select a W8  31 with P n  165 kips.
c

[4-25]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ∑ I col /L col 110/14
GA    0. 27
∑ I g /L g 2291/20
∑ I col /L col 110/14  248/14
GB    0. 57
∑ I g /L g 2448/20
From the alignment chart, K x ≈ 1. 14
L cx  K x L  1. 1414  12  55. 19
rx rx 3. 47
4. 71 E  113. 4
Fy

Since Lrcx  4. 71 E , the column is inelastic, and the stiffness reduction factor can
x Fy
be used. But
L cy KyL 1. 014  12
ry  ry   83. 17  Lrcx
x
2. 02
so y-axis buckling controls, and the stiffness reduction factor is not needed.
Use a W8  31

4.8-1
Compute the flexural buckling strength for the x-axis:
L cx  18  12  70. 36
rx 3. 07
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 57. 82 ksi
L c /r 70. 36 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29, 000  113

Fy 50

Since Lrc  4. 71 E , AISC Equation E3-2 applies.

Fy

F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/57.82 50  34. 82 ksi

The nominal strength is
P n  F cr A g  34. 8226. 8  933 kips
Compute the flexural-torsional buckling strength about the y-axis (the axis of
symmetry):
L cy 18  12
r y  3. 00  72. 00

[4-26]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
From the AISC Shapes Database, r̄ o  4.64 in. and H  0.859
Compute F ey using AISC E4. From AISC Equation E4-6,
2E  2 29000
F ey    55. 21 ksi
L cy /r y  2 72. 00 2

F ez  GJ  1120015. 3  297. 0 ksi

A g r̄ 2o 26. 84. 64 2
F ey  F ez  55. 21  297. 0  352. 2 ksi

F ey  F ez 4F ey F ez H
Fe  1− 1−
2H F ey  F ez  2

352. 2 455. 21297. 00. 859

 1− 1−  53. 55 ksi
20. 859 352. 2 2
Fy
 50  0. 933 7  2. 25 ∴ use AISC Equation E3-2.
Fe 53. 55
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e F y  0. 658 50/53.55 50  33. 83 ksi
P n  F cr A g  33. 8326. 8  907 kips
The flexural-torsional buckling strength controls. P n  907 kips

4.8-2
AISC E4(b) must be used, because this shape is nonslender and is neither a
double-angle shape nor a tee shape. Check flexural buckling strength about the y axis
(this is the axis of no symmetry for a channel):
L cy KyL 0. 6512  12
ry  ry  0. 762
 122. 8  200 (OK)

 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 18. 98 ksi
L c /r 122. 8 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  122. 8

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87718. 98  16. 65 ksi
P n  F cr A g  16. 658. 81  147 kips
Flexural-torsional buckling strength about the x axis (this is the axis of symmetry for a
channel):

[4-27]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 L cx  K x L  0. 6512  12  21. 82
rx rx 4. 29
 2 E   29000  601. 2 ksi
2
F ey 
L c /r 2 21. 82 2

F ez   2 EC W  GJ 1
K z L 2 Ar̄ 2o
 2 29000151 1
  112000. 861  80. 27 ksi
0. 65  12  12 2 8. 814. 54 2
F ey  F ez  601. 2  80. 27  681. 5 ksi

F ey  F ez 4F ey F ez H
Fe  1− 1−
2H F ey  F ez  2

681. 5 4601. 280. 270. 919

 1− 1−  79. 29 ksi
20. 919 681. 5 2
To determine which compressive strength equation to use, compare this value of F e
with
0. 44F y  0. 4450  22. 0 ksi
Since 79.29 ksi  22.0 ksi, use AISC Equation E3-2.
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/79.29 50  38. 40 ksi
P n  F cr A g  38. 408. 81  338 kips
The flexural buckling strength controls. P n  147 kips

4.8-3
L c  KL  0. 821  16. 8 ft
For a live load-to-dead load ratio of 2.5,
D  2. 5D  175, D  50 kips, L  2. 550  125 kips
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 250  1. 6125  260. 0 kips
From the column load tables, a WT9  38 has a design strength of 306 kips based on
buckling about the y axis.
Use a WT9  38
(b) P a  175 kips
From the column load tables, a WT9  38 has an allowable strength of 204 kips based

[4-28]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
on buckling about the y axis.
Use a WT9  38

4.8-4
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 230  1. 670  148 kips
Try a C15  33.9
AISC E4(b) must be used, because this shape is nonslender and is neither a
double-angle shape nor a tee shape. Check the flexural buckling strength about the y
axis (this is the axis of no symmetry for a channel):
L c  K y L  0. 6512  12  103. 9  200 (OK)
ry ry 0. 901
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 26. 51 ksi
L c /r 103. 9 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  133. 7
Fy 36

Since Lrc  4. 71 E , AISC Equation E3-2 applies.

Fy

F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 36/26.51 36  20. 39 ksi

P n  F cr A g  20. 3910. 0  203. 9 kips
 c P n  0. 90203. 9  184 kips  148 kips (OK)
Flexural-torsional buckling strength about the x axis (this is the axis of symmetry for a
channel):
L cx  K x L  0. 6512  12  16. 68
rx rx 5. 61
 2 E   29000  1029 ksi
2
F ey 
L c /r 2 16. 68 2

F ez   2 EC W  GJ 1
K z L 2 Ar̄ 2o
 2 29000358 1
  112001. 01  65. 21 ksi
0. 65  12  12 2 10. 05. 94 2
F ey  F ez  1029  65. 21  1094 ksi

[4-29]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 F ey  F ez 4F ey F ez H
Fe  1− 1−
2H F ey  F ez  2

1094 4102965. 210. 920

 1− 1−  64. 87 ksi
20. 920 1094 2
To determine which compressive strength equation to use, compare this value of F e
with
0. 44F y  0. 4436  15. 8 ksi
Since 64.88 ksi  15.8 ksi, use AISC Equation E3-2.
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 36/64.87 36  28. 54 ksi
P n  F cr A g  28. 5410. 0  285. 4 kips
 c P n  0. 90285. 4  257 kips  148 kips (OK) Use a C15  33.9
(b) P a  D  L  30  70  100 kips
Try a C15  33.9
AISC E4(b) must be used, because this shape is nonslender and is neither a
double-angle shape nor a tee shape. First, check the flexural buckling strength about
the y axis (this is the axis of no symmetry for a channel). From the LRFD solution in
Part (a),
P n  203. 9 kips
P n  203. 9  122 kips  100 kips (OK)
c 1. 67
Next, check the flexural-torsional buckling strength about the x axis (this is the axis of
symmetry for a channel). From the LRFD solution in Part (a),
P n  285. 4 kips
P n  285. 4  171 kips  100 kips (OK) Use a C15  33.9
c 1. 67

4.9-1
With the long leg vertical, the needed properties of a single angle are
I y  4. 02 in. 4 , x̄  0. 901 in., A  4. 00 in. 2
For the two angles,
2
Iy  4. 02  4. 00 0. 901  3  2  17. 52 in. 4
16

[4-30]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Iy 17. 52  1. 48 in.
ry   r y  1. 48 in.
A 24. 00

4.9-2
x-axis:

Component A y Ay I d I  Ad 2
C10 × 15.3 4.48 0.6340 2.840 2.27 3.598 60.27
W12 × 26 7.65 6.340 48.50 204 2.108 238.0
Sum 12.13 51.34 298.3

∑ Ay
ȳ   51. 34  4. 232 in. I x  298. 3 in. 4
∑A 12. 13

rx  Ix  298. 3  4. 959 in.

A 12. 13
Iy 84. 60  2. 641 in
y-axis: I y  67. 3  17. 3  84. 60 in. 4 , ry  
A 12. 13
y 2  4. 23 in., r x  4. 96 in., r y  2. 64 in.

4.9-3
For one angle, A  7. 13 in. 2 , I x  I y  24. 1 in. 4 , x̄  ȳ  1. 72 in.
I  24. 1  7. 131. 72  6/2 2   4  731. 8 in. 4 , A  7. 13  4  28. 52 in. 2

r I  731. 8  5. 07 in. r x  r y  5. 07 in.

A 28. 52

4.9-4
x-axis:

Segment A y Ay Ī d Ī  Ad 2
Top fl. 6 0.25 1. 5 0. 125 6. 918 287. 3
Web 6 8.5 51. 0 128 1. 332 138. 6
−2
Bot. fl. 3.5 16.75 58. 63 7. 292  10 9. 582 321. 4
∑ 15. 5 111. 1 747. 3

[4-31]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ∑ Ay
ȳ   111. 1  7. 168 in. I  747. 3 in. 4
∑A 15. 5

rx  Ix  747. 3  6. 94 in.
A 15. 5
y-axis:
I y  1 0. 512 3  1 163/8 3  1 0. 57 3  86. 36 in. 4
12 12 12
Iy 86. 36  2. 36 in.
ry   r x  6. 94 in., r y  2. 36 in.
A 15. 5

4.9-5
F y  42 ksi
A  3227 − 2015  564 in. 2
I min  I x  1 3227 3 − 1 2015 3  4. 686  10 4 in. 3
12 12

r min  r x  Ix  46860  9. 115 in.

A 564
L c  KL  0. 812  12  12. 64
r r 9. 115
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 1791 ksi
L c /r 12. 64 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  123. 8  12. 64

Fy 42
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 42/1791 42  41. 59 ksi
P n  F cr A g  41. 59564  2. 346  10 4 kips P n  23, 500 kips

4.9-6
From Table 2-4 in Part 2 of the Manual, for A242 steel and 1-in.-thick plate material,
F y  46 ksi.
A  218  16  52 in. 2
I x  ∑ Ī  Ad 2  2 1 181 3  188. 5 2  1 116 3  2944 in. 4
12 12

rx  Ix  2944  7. 524 in.

A 52

[4-32]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 I y  1 161 3  118 3 2  973. 3 in. 4
12
Iy 973. 3  4. 326
ry  
A 52
L cx  K x L  26  12  41. 47
rx rx 7. 524
L cy KyL 13  12
ry  r y  4. 326  36. 06  41. 47 ∴ x-axis buckling controls.
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 166. 4 ksi
L c /r 41. 47 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  118. 3
Fy 46
Since L c /r  41. 47  118. 3, use AISC Eq. E3-2:
F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 46/166.4 46  40. 97 ksi
P n  F cr A g  40. 9752  2130 kips P n  2130 kips

4.9-7
(a) A  14. 4  29/1610  25. 65 in. 2

I x  272  2 1 9 10 3  365. 8 in. 4

12 16
1 109/16 3  109/16 10  9/16
2
I y  ∑ Ī  Ad 2  93. 4  2
12 2
 407. 5 in. 4  365. 8 in. 4 ∴ x axis controls.

rx  Ix  365. 8  3. 776 in.

A 25. 65
L c  25  12  79. 45
r 3. 776
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 45. 34 ksi
L c /r 79. 45 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  79. 45

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/45.34 50  31. 51 ksi
P n  F cr A g  31. 5125. 65  808. 2 kips P n  808 kips

(b) L c  K y L  25  12  118. 1
r ry 2. 54

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  2 E   29000  20. 52 ksi
2
Fe 
L c /r 2 118. 1 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  118. 1

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87720. 52  18. 00 ksi
P n  F cr A g  18. 0014. 4  259. 2 kips
% difference  808. 2 − 259. 2  100  211. 8 Increase  212%
259. 2

4.9-8

14.9"
0.805" y
7.10"

0.805" Component shapes

0.6  0.2546  0.3454"

4r 4(0.6)
  0.2546"
3 3
0.3454"
4r
 0.2546"
3
Components for fillet

Location of centroid and moment of inertia about the x axis:

[4-34]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Component A y Ay I d I  Ad 2
flange 11.99 0.4025 4.826 0.6477 1.051 13.89
square 0.3600 1.105 0.3978 0.01080 0.3480 0.05440
¼ circle -0.2827 1.150 -0.3251 -0.007112 0.3030 -0.03307
square 0.3600 1.105 0.3978 0.01080 0.3480 0.05440
¼ circle -0.2827 1.150 -0.3251 -0.007112 0.3030 -0.03307
web 5.067 3.953 20.03 16.73 -2.500 48.40
Sum 17.21 25.00 62.33

∑ Ay
ȳ   25. 00  1. 453 in. I x  62. 33 in. 4
∑A 17. 21

Moment of inertia about the y axis:

Component A I d I  Ad 2
flange 11.99 221.9 0 221.9
square 0.3600 0.01080 0.7025 0.18846
¼ circle -0.2827 -0.007112 0.7479 -0.16524
square 0.3600 0.01080 0.7025 0.18846
¼ circle -0.2827 -0.007112 0.7479 -0.16524
web 5.067 0.2736 0 0.2736
Sum 17.21 222.2

I y  222. 2 in. 4  62. 33 in. 4 ∴ x axis controls.

rx  Ix  62. 33  1. 903 in.

A 17. 21
L c  KL  10  12  63. 06
r r 1. 903
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 71. 98 ksi
L c /r 63. 06 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  63. 06

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/71.98 50  37. 39 ksi
P n  F cr A g  37. 3917. 21  643 kips P n  643 kips

[4-35]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4.9-9
A  46. 98  27. 92 in. 2
2
I x  I y  ∑ Ī  Ad 2  4 15. 7  6. 94 18 − 1. 52  1616 in. 4
2

r I  1616  7. 608 in.

A 27. 92
L c  30  12  47. 32
r 7. 608
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 127. 8 ksi
L c /r 47. 32 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  47. 32

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 658 F y /F e  F y  0. 658 50/127.8 50  42. 45 ksi
P n  F cr A g  42. 4527. 92  1185 kips
(a)  c P n  0. 901185  1070 kips  c P n  1070 kips
(b) P n / c  1185/1. 67  710 kips P n / c  710 kips

4.9-10
Check width-thickness ratio. From AISC B4 (see also Figure 4.9 in textbook),

0. 45 E  0. 45 29000  10. 84
Fy 50
b  6  9. 6  10. 84 ∴ this is not a slender shape.
t 5/8
Flexural buckling strength about the x axis (this is the axis of no symmetry):
L c  18  12  114. 3
rx 1. 89
 2 29000
Fe   E 2 
2
 21. 91 ksi
L c /r 114. 3 2

4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4  114. 3

Fy 50
∴ F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87721. 91  19. 22 ksi
P n  F cr A g  19. 2211. 7  224. 9 kips
For flexural-torsional buckling strength about the y axis (the axis of symmetry), assume

[4-36]
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fully-tensioned bolts:
Lc  Lr yc  18  12  130. 1
r o 1. 66
a  18  12  72 in.
3 spaces
r i  r z  0. 859 in.
a 72
r i  0. 859  83. 82  40
Lc  Lc 2
 Kia 2
r m
r o
ri

 130. 1 2  0. 5  72 2
 136. 7
0. 859
112002  0. 775
F ez  GJ2   159. 5 ksi
Ar̄ o 11. 73. 05 2
 2 E   29000  16. 91 ksi
2
F ey 
L c /r 2 130. 1 2
F ey  F ez  16. 91  159. 5  176. 4 ksi

F ey  F ez 4F ey F ez H
Fe  1− 1−
2H F ey  F ez  2

176. 4 416. 91159. 50. 684

 1− 1−  16. 32 ksi
20. 684 176. 4 2
Fy
 50  3. 064  2. 25
Fe 16. 32
F cr  0. 877F e  0. 87716. 32  14. 31 ksi
P n  F cr A g  14. 3111. 7  167. 4 kips
Since 167.4 kips  224.9 kips, flexural-torsional buckling controls and P n  167. 4
kips
Available strength for LRFD   c P n  0. 90167. 4  150. 7 kips.
 c P n  151 kips
Available strength for ASD  P n / c  167. 4/1. 67  100. 2 kips
. P n / c  100 kips

[4-37]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4.9-11
L c  K x L  K y L  0. 6516  10. 4 ft
(a) P u  1. 2D  1. 6L  1. 233  1. 6100  200 kips
From the column load tables,
Try 2L6  4  ½ LLBB:  c P n  207 kips (y axis controls)
Determine the number of intermediate connectors. To obtain the tabulated strength for
the y axis, 2 connectors must be used. Also, from AISC E6.2,
a 3 Lc
ri ≤ 4 r
a  spacing  16  12
n1
r i  r z  0. 864 in., a 16  12
r i  n  10. 864

For the member, use the maximum slenderness ratio:

L c  10. 4  12  76. 10
r 1. 64
For rai ≤ 3 Lrc ,
4
16  12 ≤ 3 76. 10  n  2. 9, use 3
n  10. 864 4
Use 2L6  4  ½ LLBB with 3 intermediate connectors
(b) P a  D  L  33  100  133 kips
From the column load tables, Try 2L6  4  ½ LLBB:
P n  138 kips (y axis controls)
c
From Part (a), 3 intermediate connectors are required.
Use 2L6  4  ½ LLBB with 3 intermediate connectors

4.9-12
∑P
Reaction   11  12  66 kips
2 2
Consider the joint at the right support:

[4-38]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ∑ F y  66 − F sin9. 462 °  0  F  401 kips
(This is the maximum force in the top chord.)
Lc  KxL  KyL  9  9. 124 ft.
cos9. 462 °
From the column load tables, for L c  9. 124 ft,
Try 2L8  6  5
8
SLBB,  c P n  450 kips (x axis controls)
Determine the number of intermediate connectors. To obtain the tabulated strength for
the y axis, 3 connectors must be used. Also, from AISC E6.2,
a 3 Lc
ri ≤ 4 r
a  spacing  9. 124  12
n1
r i  r z  1. 29 in., a 9. 124  12
r i  n  11. 29

For the member, use the maximum slenderness ratio:

L c  K x L  9. 124  12  61. 86
r rx 1. 77
For rai ≤ 3 Lrc
4
9. 124  12 ≤ 3 61. 86  n ≥ 0. 829, 1 required for the x axis.
n  11. 29 4
Use 2L8  6  5
8
SLBB with 3 intermediate connectors

[4-39]
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or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.