10-5

CHAPTER 10 - PLATE GIRDERS
10.4-1
Check classification of shape.
h  45  120, 3. 76 E  3. 76 29000  90. 55
tw 3/8 Fy 50
5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

50
Since 3. 76 E  h  5. 70 E , the web is noncompact, and the provisions of

Fy tw Fy
AISC F4 apply. However, the slender-web provisions of AISC F5 may be used (see
User Note in AISC F4).
Because the girder has continuous lateral support, lateral-torsional buckling does not
apply.
Tension flange yielding:
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/845 3  210 45  1  13, 430 in. 4
12 2 12 2
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  13, 430  571. 5 in. 3

h/2  t f  45/2  1
M n  F y S xt  50571. 5  2. 858  10 4 in.-kips  2382 ft-kips
Compression flange strength:
 10  5. 0   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

bf

2t f 21 Fy 50
∴ F cr  F y  50 ksi
M n  R pg F cr S xc
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
453/8
aw  Aw   1. 688  10
Af 101
R pg  1 − 1. 688 120 − 5. 7 29000

1200  3001. 688 50
 1. 017  1. 0 ∴ use R pg  1. 0
[10-1]
M n  R pg F cr S xc  1. 050571. 5  2. 858  10 4 in.-kips  2380 ft-kips
10.4-2
Check classification of shape.
h  70  140. 0 5. 70 E  798. 0 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3
tw 0. 5 Fy Fy 50
Since h  5. 70 E , this is a slender-web shape (plate girder).

tw Fy
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 570 3  23  22 70  3
12 2 12 2
 1. 901  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  190100  5003 in. 3

h/2  t f  70/2  3
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  505003  2. 502  10 5 in.-kips
Compression flange: LTB is not a factor in this problem. Check FLB:
 22  3. 667   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

bf

2t f 23 Fy 50
∴ F cr  F y  50 ksi
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
700. 5
aw  Aw   0. 530 3  10
Af 223
R pg  1 − 0. 5303 140 − 5. 7 29000  0. 998 9

1200  3000. 5303 50
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 9989505003  2. 499  10 5 in.-kips
Compression flange strength controls.
M n  249900/12  2. 083  10 4 ft-kips
M n  20, 800 ft-kips
[10-2]
10.4-3
h  60  160, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

tw 3/8 Fy 50
Since h  5. 70 E , the web is slender.

tw Fy
2 2
h  tf 60  7/8
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/860 3  27/8  12
12 2 12 2
 2. 621  10 4 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  26210  848. 9 in. 3

h/2  t f  60/2  7/8
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  848. 950  4. 245  10 4 in.-kips
Compression flange: Check FLB:
 12  6. 857   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

bf

2t f 27/8 Fy 50
∴ F cr  F y  50 ksi
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
603/8
aw  Aw   2. 143  10
Af 127/8
R pg  1 − 2. 143 160 − 5. 7 29000  0. 973 6

1200  3002. 143 50
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 973650848. 9  4. 132  10 4 in.-kips
Check lateral-torsional buckling.
[10-3]
7/8" 12"
10"
3/8"
(not to scale)
h  60  10 in., I  1 103/8 3  1 7/812 3  126. 0 in. 4

6 6 12 12
A  103/8  127/8  14. 25 in. 2 , rt  I  126  2. 974 in.
A 14. 25
L b  40/2  20 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 12. 974 29000  78. 79 in.  6.566 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  2. 974 29000  268. 9 in.  22.41 ft.

0. 7F y 0. 750
Since L p  L b  L r ,
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 30 50 − 0. 350 20 − 6. 566  48. 47 ksi  50 ksi

22. 41 − 6. 566
where C b  1. 30 is from Figure 5.15 in the textbook.
LTB controls and F cr  48. 47 ksi.
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 973648. 47848. 9
 4. 006  10 4 in.-kips  3340 ft-kips
M n  3340 ft-kips
10.4-4
h  52  208, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

tw 1/4 Fy 50
[10-4]
tw Fy
2 2
h  tf 52  3/4
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 1/452 3  23/4  18
12 2 12 2
 2. 171  10 4 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  21710  811. 6 in. 3

h/2  t f  52/2  3/4
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  50811. 6  4. 058  10 4 in.-kips

bf
 18  12. 0,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 23/4 Fy 50
kc  4  4  0. 277 4  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

h/t w 208
F L  0. 7F y  0. 750  35. 0 ksi
0. 3529000
 r  0. 95 k c E  0. 95  16. 18
FL 35. 0
Since  p     r ,
 − p
F cr  F y − 0. 3F y ≤ F yf
r − p
 50 − 0. 350 12. 0 − 9. 152  43. 92  50 ksi

16. 18 − 9. 152
3/4" 18"
8.667"
1/4"
(not to scale)
[10-5]
h  52  8. 667 in., I  1 8. 6671/4 3  1 3/418 3  364. 5 in. 4
6 6 12 12
A  8. 6671/4  183/4  15. 67 in. 2 , rt  I  364. 5  4. 823 in.
A 15. 67
L b  50/2  25 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 14. 823 29000  127. 8 in.  10.65 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  4. 823 29000  436. 1 in. 36.34 ft.

0. 7F y 0. 750
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 30 50 − 0. 350 25 − 10. 65  54. 11 ksi  50 ksi

36. 34 − 10. 65
where C b  1. 30 is from Figure 5.15 in the textbook. Since F cr  F y , use
F cr  F y  50 ksi
FLB controls and F cr  42. 94 ksi. Compute the plate girder strength reduction factor.
521/4
ar  Aw   0. 963 0  10
Af 183/4
R pg  1 − ar h c − 5. 70 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a r tw Fy
 1− 0. 9630 208 − 5. 70 29000  0. 954 3  1. 0

1200  3000. 9630 50
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 954343. 92811. 6  3. 402  10 4
 3. 402  10 4 in.-kips  2840 ft-kips
M n  2840 ft-kips
10.4-5
h  78  156, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

tw 0. 5 Fy 50

tw Fy
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 578 3  22. 5  22 78  2. 5
12 2 12 2
[10-6]
 1. 980  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  198000  4771 in. 3

h/2  t f  78/2  2. 5
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  504771  281 300 in.-kips
Compression flange: LTB is not a factor in this problem. Check FLB:
 22  4. 4   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

bf

2t f 22. 5 Fy 50
∴ F cr  F y  50 ksi
R pg  1 − ar h c − 5. 70 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a r tw Fy
780. 5
aw  Aw   0. 709 1  10
Af 222. 5
R PG  1 − 0. 7091 156 − 5. 70 29000  0. 990 6  1. 0

1200  3000. 7091 50
Compression flange strength controls. M n  236300/12  1. 969  10 4 ft-kips
(a) LRFD solution
 b M n  0. 901. 969  10 4   1. 772  10 4 ft-kips
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 0  1. 62  4. 4 kips/ft
P u  1. 6P L  1. 6475  760. 0 kips
76080
M u  1 w u L 2  P u L  1 4. 480 2   1. 872  10 4 ft-kips
8 4 8 4
Since 18,700 ft-kips  17,700 ft-kips, flexural strength is not adequate
(b) ASD solution
M n  1. 969  10 4  1. 179  10 4 ft-kips
b 1. 67
w a  1. 0  2. 0  3. 0 kips/ft
P a  475 kips
47580
M a  1 w a L 2  P a L  1 380 2   1. 19  10 4 ft-kips
8 4 8 4
Since 11,900 ft-kips  11,800 ft-kips, flexural strength is not adequate
[10-7]
10.5-1
(a) h  70  140, a  70  1  3
tw 1/2 h 70
Tension field action cannot be used in an end panel. From AISC Equation G2-6,
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1
kv  5  5  5 5  10
2
a/h 1. 0 2
1029000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  83. 77
Fy 50
Since h/t w  83. 77,
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1   83. 77  0. 598 4
h/t w 140
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 6500. 5  700. 5984  628. 3 kips
V n  628 kips
(b) a  200  2. 857  3 ∴ tension field action can be used.

h 70
kv  5  5  5 5  5. 613
a/h 2 2. 857 2
5. 61329000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  62. 76
Fy 50
Since h  62. 76, use AISC Equation G2-7 or G2-8

tw
A w  dt w  70  3  30. 5  38. 0 in. 2
2A w 238. 0
  0. 575 8  2. 5
A fc  A ft 23  22
h  h  70  3. 182  6. 0
b fc b ft 22
∴ use AISC Equation G2-7.
V n  0. 6F y A w C v2  1 − C v2
1. 15 1  a/h 2
5. 61329000
Compute C v2 . 1. 37 k v E  1. 37  78. 17
Fy 50
[10-8]
1. 515. 61329000
Since h  78. 11, C v2  1. 51k2v E   0. 250 8
tw h/t w  F y 140 2 50
V n  0. 65038. 0 0. 2508  1 − 0. 2508  531 kips

1. 15 1  2. 857 2
Check the no-tension field case:
From AISC Equation G2-6,
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1
k v  5. 613
1. 10 k v E  62. 76
Fy
Since h/t w  62. 76,
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1   62. 76  0. 448 3
h/t w 140
A w  dt w  70  3  30. 5  38. 0 in. 2
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 650380. 4483  511 kips  531 kips
V n  531 kips
(c) If no intermediate stiffeners are used, a  3, and k v  5. 34 (no tension field
h
permitted)
5. 3429000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
Since h  61. 22, C v1   61. 22  0. 437 3
tw h/t w 140
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65038. 00. 4373)  498. 5kips
V n  499 kips
10.5-2
(a) h  90  160
tw 9/16
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 24  1. 65  12. 8 kips/ft
[10-9]
12. 875
Reaction  w u L   480. 0 kips  required  v V n in end panel
2 2
Required V n  480  533. 3 kips
0. 90
A w  90  1  19/16  51. 75 in. 2
V n  0. 6A w F y C v1  0. 651. 7550C v1  533. 3, Solution is: C v1  0. 343 5
1. 10 k v E/F y 1. 10 k v 29000/50
C v1    0. 3435, Solution is: k v  4. 304
h/t w  160
kv  5  5  5 5  4. 304
a/h 2 a/h 2
This will result in a negative value of a.
If no intermediate stiffeners are used, a  3, and k v  5. 34 (no tension field
h
permitted)
5. 3429000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
Since h  61. 22, C v1   61. 22  0. 382 6
tw h/t w 160
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65051. 750. 3826  594. 0 kips  533.3 kips
No intermediate stifferers are required.
(b) h  90  160
tw 9/16
wa  D  L  4  5  9
975
Reaction  w a L   337. 5 kips  required V n / v in end panel
2 2
Required V n   v V n  1. 67337. 5  563. 6 kips
v
A w  90  1  19/16  51. 75 in. 2
V n  0. 6A w F y C v1  0. 651. 7550C v1  563. 6, Solution is: C v1  0. 363
1. 10 k v E/F y 1. 10 k v 29000/50
C v1    0. 363, Solution is: k v  4. 807
h/t w  160
kv  5  5  5 5  4. 807
a/h 2 a/h 2
This will result in a negative value of a.
[10-10]
If no intermediate stiffeners are used, a  3, and k v  5. 34 (no tension field
h
permitted)
5. 3429000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
Since h  61. 22, C v1   61. 22  0. 382 6
tw h/t w 160
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65051. 750. 3826  594. 0 kips  563.6 kips
No intermediate stifferers are required.
10.5-3
Before developing the LRFD and ASD solutions, compute the nominal shear strength
of each panel.
h  66  211. 2
tw 5/16
End panel: a  612  2  74 in., a  74  1. 121  3
h 66
kv  5  5  5 5  8. 979
2
a/h 1. 121 2
8. 97929000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  79. 38
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
Since h  79. 38, C v1   79. 38  0. 375 9
tw h/t w 211. 2
A w  66  1. 5  1. 55/16  21. 56
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65021. 560. 3759  243. 1 kips
Second panel:
a  1212  9 − 74  79 in.
a  79  1. 197  3, therefore, tension-field action can be used,
h 66
kv  5  5  5 5  8. 490
a/h 2 1. 197 2
8. 49029000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  77. 19
Fy 50
[10-11]
tw
A w  dt w  66  1. 5  1. 55/16  21. 56 in. 2
2A w 221. 56
  0. 958 2  2. 5
A fc  A ft 21. 5  15
h  h  66  4. 4  6. 0
b fc b ft 15
V n  0. 6F y A w C v2  1 − C v2
1. 15 1  a/h 2
8. 49029000
Compute C v2 . 1. 37 k v E  1. 37  96. 14
Fy 50
1. 518. 49029000
Since h  96. 14, C v2  1. 51k2v E   0. 166 7
tw h/t w  F y 211. 2 2 50
V n  0. 65021. 56 0. 1667  1 − 0. 1667  408. 3 kips

1. 15 1  1. 197 2
Middle panel:
a  5512 − 212  12  9  354 in.,
a  354  5. 364  3 ∴ k v  5. 34 and tension-field action cannot be used.
h 66
5. 3429000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
Compute C v1 .
Since h  61. 22
tw
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1   61. 22  0. 289 9
h/t w 211. 2
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65021. 560. 2899  187. 5 kips
(a) LRFD solution
End panel: Design strength   v V n  0. 90243. 1  218. 8 kips
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 20. 225  1. 62. 0  3. 470 kips/ft
[10-12]
3. 47055
Left reaction  V L   95. 4 kips  219 kips (OK)
2
Second panel: Design strength   v V n  0. 90390. 6  352 kips
V u at beginning of panel  V L − w u x  95. 43 − 3. 4706. 167
 74. 0 kips  408 kips (OK)
Middle panel: Design strength   v V n  0. 90187. 5  169 kips
V u at beginning of panel  V L − w u x  95. 43 − 3. 47012. 75
 51. 2 kips  169 kips (OK)
Girder has enough shear strength
(b) ASD solution
End panel: Allowable strength  V n  243. 1  146 kips

v 1. 67
w a  w D  w L  0. 225  2. 0  2. 225 kips/ft
2. 22555
Left reaction  V L   61. 19 kips  146 kips (OK)
2
Second panel: Allowable strength  V n  390. 6  234 kips
v 1. 67
V a at beginning of panel  V L − w a x  61. 19 − 2. 2256. 167
 47. 5 kips  234 kips (OK)
Middle panel: Allowable strength  V n  187. 5  112 kips

v 1. 67
V a at beginning of panel  V L − w a x  61. 19 − 2. 22512. 75
 32. 8 kips  112 kips (OK)
Girder has enough shear strength
10.5-4
Compute the shear strength of each panel. h  78  156

tw 0. 5
A w  78  2. 5  2. 50. 5  41. 5 in. 2
End panel: a  48  0. 615 4  3
h 78
kv  5  5  5 5  18. 2
a/h 2 0. 6154 2
[10-13]
18. 229, 000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  113. 0
Fy 50
Since h  113. 0,
tw
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1   113  0. 724 4
h/t w 156
V n  0. 6A w F yw C v  0. 641. 5500. 7244  901. 9 kips
First interior panel. a  144  1. 846  3. Tension field action can be used.
h 78
kv  5  5  5 5  6. 467
a/h 2 1. 846 2
6. 46729000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  67. 37
F yw 50

tw
2A w 241. 5
  0. 754 5  2. 5
A fc  A ft 22. 5  22
h  h  78  3. 545  6. 0
b fc b ft 22
V n  0. 6F y A w C v2  1 − C v2
1. 15 1  a/h 2
6. 46729000
Compute C v2 . 1. 37 k v E  1. 37  83. 9
Fy 50
1. 516. 46729000
Since h  83. 9, C v2  1. 51k2v E   0. 232 7
tw h/t w  F y 156 2 50
V n  0. 65041. 5 0. 2327  1 − 0. 2327  685. 4 kips

1. 15 1  1. 846 2
(a) Compute the factored-load shear at the beginning of each panel (this will be the
maximum shear in the panel).
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 0  1. 62  4. 4 kips/ft
P u  1. 6P L  1. 6475  760. 0 kips
[10-14]
4. 480  760
Left reaction  V L  w u L  P u   556. 0 kips
2 2
At 4 ft, V u  V L − 4. 4x  556 − 4. 44  538. 4 kips
At 16 ft, V u  556 − 4. 416  485. 6 kips
At 28 ft, V u  556 − 4. 428  432. 8 kips
End panel:
Design strength   v V n  0. 9901. 9  812 kips  556 kips (OK)
First interior panel:
Design strength   v V n  0. 9685. 4  617 kips  538 kips (OK)
The shear strength of all of the 12-ft panels will be the same, and the shear is less than
617 kips in each 12-ft panel. Therefore, there will be enough shear strength in all of the
12-ft panels.
The girder has enough shear strength.
(b) Compute the required strength at the beginning of each panel (this will be the
maximum shear in the panel).
w a  1  2  3 kips/ft
P a  P L  475 kips
380  475
Left reaction  V L  w a L  P a   357. 5 kips
2 2
At 4 ft, V a  V L − 4. 4x  357. 5 − 34  345. 5 kips
At 16 ft, V a  357. 5 − 316  309. 5 kips
At 28 ft, V u  357. 5 − 328  273. 5 kips
End panel:
Allowable strength  V n  901. 9  540 kips  358 kips (OK)

v 1. 67
First interior panel:
Allowable strength  V n  685. 4  410 kips  346 kips (OK)

v 1. 67
[10-15]
The shear strength of all of the 12-ft panels will be the same, and the shear is less than
346 kips in each 12-ft panel. Therefore, there will be enough shear strength in all of the
12-ft panels.
The girder has enough shear strength.
10.6-1
Bearing strength: A pb  6 − 0. 51/2  2  5. 5 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8365. 5  356. 4 kips
Compressive strength: Use a length of web equal to
25t w  255/16  7. 813 in.
Compute the radius of gyration about an axis along the middle of the web:
I  1 7. 8135/16 3  2 1 1/26 3  61/23  5/32 2  77. 79 in. 4
12 12
A  7. 8135/16  261/2  8. 442 in. 2
r I  77. 79  3. 036 in.

A 8. 442
Compute the compressive strength:
L c  KL  0. 7556  42. 0 in.
L c  42  13. 83
r 3. 036
From AISC J4.4, for compression elements with L c /r  25, the nominal strength is
R n  F y A g  368. 442  303. 9 kips
(a) LRFD solution:
For R n  356. 4 kips. R u  R n  0. 75356. 4  267 kips
Maximum factored concentrated load  267 kips
(b) ASD solution:
For R n  356. 4 kips. R a  R n /  356. 4/2. 00  178 kips
Maximum service concentrated load  178 kips
[10-16]
10.6-2
Bearing strength: A pb  6 − 0. 59/16  4  12. 38 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 85012. 38  1114 kips
Compressive strength: The maximum permissible length of web is
12t w  123/16  2. 25 in.
(This small contribution could be ignored, but we will include it here.)
I  1 2. 253/16 3  4 1 9/166 3  69/163  3/32 2  169. 7 in. 4
12 12
A  2. 253/16  469/16  13. 92 in. 2
r I  169. 7  3. 492 in.

A 13. 92
L c  KL  0. 7536  27. 0 in.
L c  27. 0  7. 732
r 3. 492
R n  F y A g  5013. 92  696. 0 kips
(a) LRFD solution:
For R n  1114 kips. R u  R n  0. 751114  836 kips
Maximum factored concentrated load  626 kips
(b) ASD solution:
For R n  1114 kips. R a  R n /  1114/2. 00  557 kips
Maximum service concentrated load  417 kips
10.7-1
Try t f  ¾ in., h  73 − 20. 75  71. 5 in.
h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3
tw Fy 50
[10-17]
∴ tw ≤ h  71. 5  0. 520 8 in.
137. 3 137. 3
From h ≤ 11. 7 E  11. 7 29, 000  281. 8

tw F yf 50
h ≤ 0. 48E 0. 4829, 000

and   241. 4
tw F yf F yf  16. 5 5050  16. 5
tw ≥ h  71. 5  0. 296 2 in.

241. 4 241. 4
5
Try a 16
in.  71 12 in. web.
h  71. 5  228. 8, A w  5/1671. 5  22. 34 in. 2
tw 5/16
Estimate required flange size.
360012
Af  Mu − Aw  − 22. 34  9. 703 in. 2
0. 9hF y 6 0. 971. 550 6
b f ≥ 9. 703  12. 94 in.
0. 75
3
Try a 4
-in.  14-in. flange, A f  0. 7514  10. 5 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 5/1671. 5 3  210. 5 71. 5  0. 75
12 2 12 2
 3. 692  10 4 in. 4
36, 920
S x  Icx  Ix   1012 in. 3
h/2  t f  71. 5/2  0. 75
Tension flange: M n  S x R e F yf  10121. 050  5. 06  10 4 in.-kips

bf
 14  9. 333,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 20. 75 Fy 50
kc  4  4  0. 264  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

h/t w 228. 8
r  230  230  19. 24

F yf / k c 50 / 0. 35
Since  p     r ,
 − p
F cr  C b F yf 1 − 1 ≤ F yf
2 r − p
 1. 050 1 − 1 9. 333 − 9. 152  49. 55 ksi

2 19. 24 − 9. 152
[10-18]
Compute the plate girder strength reduction factor.
a r  A w  22. 34  2. 128  10
Af 10. 5
R PG  1 − ar h c − 5. 70 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a r tw F cr
 1− 2. 128 228. 8 − 5. 70 29, 000  0. 894 8  1. 0

1200  3002. 128 49. 55
M n  S x R PG R e F cr  10120. 89481. 049. 55  4. 487  10 4 in.-kips
 b M n  0. 944, 870/12  3370 ft-kips  3600 ft-kips (N.G.)
3
Try a 4
-in.  17 12 -in. flange, A f  0. 7517. 5  13. 13 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 5/1671. 5 3  213. 13 71. 5  0. 75
12 2 12 2
 4. 379  10 4 in. 4
43, 790
S x  Icx  Ix   1200 in. 3
h/2  t f  71. 5/2  0. 75
Tension flange: M n  S x R e F yf  12001. 050  6. 0  10 4 in.-kips

bf
 17. 5  11. 67,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 20. 75 Fy 50
kc  4  4  0. 264  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

h/t w 228. 8
r  230  230  19. 24

F yf / k c 50 / 0. 35
Since  p     r ,
 − p
F cr  C b F yf 1 − 1 ≤ F yf
2 r − p
 1. 050 1 − 1 11. 67 − 9. 152  43. 76 ksi

2 19. 24 − 9. 152
a r  A w  22. 34  1. 701  10
Af 13. 13
R PG  1 − ar h c − 5. 70 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a r tw F cr
[10-19]
 1− 1. 701 228. 8 − 5. 70 29, 000  0. 918 4  1. 0
1200  3001. 701 43. 76
M n  S x R PG R e F cr  12000. 91841. 043. 76  4. 823  10 4 in.-kips
 b M n  0. 948, 230/12  3620 ft-kips  3600 ft-kips (OK)
5 3
Use a 16
 71 12 web and 4
 17 12 flanges
10.7-2
(a) Try t f  2.5 in., h  78 − 22. 5  73. 0 in.
For a slender web, h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3

tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  73  0. 531 7 in.
137. 3 137. 3
For a ≤ 1. 5, h ≤ 12. 0 E  12. 0 29000  289. 0
h tw Fy 50
0. 429000
For a  1. 5, h ≤ 0. 4E   232. 0
h tw Fy 50
tw ≥ h  73  0. 314 7 in.
232. 0 232. 0
3
Try a 8
in.  73 in. web.
h  73  194. 7, A w  3/873  2. 5  2  29. 25 in. 2
tw 3/8
M u  1. 2M D  1. 6M L  1. 23800  1. 67800  1. 704  10 4 ft-kips
M u / b 1704012/0. 90
Af  − Aw  − 29. 25  57. 37 in. 2
hF y 6 7350 6
b f ≥ 57. 37  22. 95 in.
2. 5
Try a 2. 5-in.  23-in. flange. A f  232. 5  57. 5 in. 2
Check web width-thickness ratio:
  h  194. 7,  p  3. 76 E  3. 76 29, 000  90. 55

tw Fy 50
 r  5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3
Fy 50
Since    r , web is slender and AISC Section F5 applies. Compute the section
[10-20]
modulus:
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/873 3  257. 5 73  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 1. 76  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  176000  4513 in. 3

h/2  t f  73/2  2. 5
From AISC Equation F5-10, the tension flange strength based on yielding is
M n  F y S xt  504513  2. 257  10 5 in.-kips  18810 ft-kips
The compression flange strength is given by AISC Equation F5-7:
where the critical stress F cr is based on either flange local buckling or yielding.
To compute the bending strength reduction factor R pg , the value of a w will be needed:
733/8
aw  hctw   0. 476 1  10
b fc t fc 232. 5
From AISC Equation F5-6,
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
 1− 0. 4761 194. 7 − 5. 7 29000  0. 979 6

1200  3000. 4761 50
For flange local buckling, the relevant slenderness parameters are
 23  4. 6 E  0. 38 29000  9. 152
bf
  p  0. 38
2t f 22. 5 Fy 50
Since    p , the flange is compact and F cr  F y  50 ksi
h  73  12. 17 in., I  1 12. 173/8 3  1 2. 523 3  2535 in. 4
6 6 12 12
A  232. 5  12. 173/8  62. 06 in. 2 , rt  I  2535  6. 391 in.
A 62. 06
L b  25. 0 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 16. 391 29000  169. 3 in.  14.11 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  6. 391 29000  577. 9 in.  48.16 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
[10-21]
Since L p  L b  L r , the girder is subject to inelastic lateral-torsional buckling. From
AISC Equation F5-3,
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 67 50 − 0. 3  50 25. 0 − 14. 11  75. 49  50 ksi ∴ use 50 ksi

48. 16 − 14. 11
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 9796504513/12  1. 842  10 4 ft-kips
 b M n  0. 9018420  1. 658  10 4 ft-kips
M u  17000 ft-kips  16600 ft-kips (N.G.)
Try 2 12 in.  24 in. flanges.
The strength will be adequate for tension flange yielding.
A f  242. 5  60. 0 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/873 3  260. 0 73  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 1. 832  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  183200  4697 in. 3

h/2  t f  73/2  2. 5
733/8
aw  hctw   0. 456 3  10
b fc t fc 242. 5
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
 1− 0. 4563 194. 7 − 5. 7 29000  0. 980 4

1200  3000. 4563 50

bf
 24  4. 8  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29000  9. 152
2t f 22. 5 Fy 50
h  73  12. 17 in., I  1 12. 173/8 3  1 2. 524 3  2880 in. 4
6 6 12 12
[10-22]
A  242. 5  12. 173/8  64. 56 in. 2 , rt  I  2880  6. 679 in.
A 64. 56
L b  25. 0 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 16. 679 29000  176. 9 in.  14.74 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  6. 679 29000  604. 0 in.  50.33 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
AISC Equation F5-3,
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 67 50 − 0. 3  50 25. 0 − 14. 74  76. 28  50 ksi ∴ use 50 ksi

50. 33 − 14. 74
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 9804504697/12  1. 919  10 4 ft-kips
 b M n  0. 901. 919  10 4   1. 727  10 4 ft-kips
M u  17000 ft-kips  17300 ft-kips (OK)
3
Use a 8
 73 web and 2 12  24 flanges
(b) Try t f  2.5 in., h  78 − 22. 5  73. 0 in.
For a slender web, h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3

tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  73  0. 531 7 in.
137. 3 137. 3
For a ≤ 1. 5, h ≤ 12. 0 E  12. 0 29000  289. 0
h tw Fy 50
0. 429000
For a  1. 5, h ≤ 0. 4E   232. 0
h t w Fy 50
tw ≥ h  73  0. 314 7 in.
232. 0 232. 0
3
Try a 8
in.  73 in. web.
h  73  194. 7, A w  3/873  2. 5  2  29. 25 in. 2
tw 3/8
M a  M D  M L  3800  7800  11 600 ft-kips
1. 671160012
Af  bMa − Aw  − 29. 25  58. 81 in. 2
hF y 6 7350 6
[10-23]
b f ≥ 58. 81  23. 52 in.
2. 5
Try a 2. 5-in.  25-in. flange. A f  252. 5  62. 5 in. 2
Check web width-thickness ratio:
  h  194. 7,  p  3. 76 E  3. 76 29, 000  90. 55

tw Fy 50
 r  5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3
Fy 50
Since    r , web is slender and AISC Section F5 applies. Compute the section
modulus:
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/873 3  262. 5 73  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 1. 903  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  190300  4879 in. 3

h/2  t f  73/2  2. 5
From AISC Equation F5-10, the tension flange strength based on yielding is
M n  F y S xt  504879  2. 440  10 5 in.-kips  20330 ft-kips
The compression flange strength is given by AISC Equation F5-7:
where the critical stress F cr is based on either flange local buckling or yielding.
733/8
aw  hctw   0. 438  10
b fc t fc 252. 5
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
 1− 0. 438 194. 7 − 5. 7 29000  0. 981 1

1200  3000. 438 50
 25  5. 0 E  0. 38 29000  9. 152
bf
  p  0. 38
2t f 22. 5 Fy 50
[10-24]
h  73  12. 17 in., I  1 12. 173/8 3  1 2. 525 3  3255 in. 4
6 6 12 12
A  252. 5  12. 173/8  67. 06 in. 2 , rt  I  3255  6. 967 in.
A 67. 06
L b  25. 0 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 16. 967 29000  184. 6 in.  15.38 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  6. 967 29000  630. 0 in.  52.5 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
AISC Equation F5-3,
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 67 50 − 0. 3  50 25. 0 − 15. 38  77. 01  50 ksi ∴ use 50 ksi

52. 5 − 15. 38
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 9811504879
 2. 393  10 5 in.-kips  19940 ft-kips
M n  19940  1. 194  10 4 ft-kips  M  11 600 ft-kips (OK)
b 1. 67 a
3
Use a 8
in.  73 in. web. and 2 12 -in.  25-in flanges
10.7-3
Assume a girder weight of 160 lb/ft.
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 20. 5  0. 160  0. 792 kips/ft
P u  1. 6P L  1. 6115  184. 0 kips
18450
M u  1 w u L 2  P u L  1 0. 79250 2   2548 ft-kips
8 4 8 4
0. 79250  184
Vu  VL  wuL  Pu   111. 8 kips
2 2
Total depth: L  5012  60 in., L  5012  50 in.
10 10 12 12
Try a total depth of 55 in. and t f  1. 5 in.
h  55 − 21. 5  52 in.
[10-25]
Determine web thickness.
For h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

tw Fy 50
tw ≤ h  52  0. 378 7 in.
137. 3 137. 3
From h ≤ 12 E  12 29000  289. 0
tw Fy 50
and h ≤ 0. 40E  0. 4029000  232. 0

tw Fy 50
tw ≥ h  52  0. 224 1 in.
232 232
In order for intermediate stiffeners to not be required, a  25 ft. Also,
h ≤ 260 (This is satisfied) and web area  compression flange area ≤ 10.
tw
3
Try a 8
-in.  52-in. web
h  52  138. 7, A w  52  2  1. 53/8  20. 63 in. 2
tw 3/8
Check shear. a  2512  300 in.
a  300  5. 769  3
h 52
Since a/h  3, k v  5. 34 and tension-field action is not permitted.
5. 3429000
Compute C v1 . 1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
Since h  61. 22,

tw
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1   61. 22  0. 441 4
h/t w 138. 7
V n  0. 6A w F y C v1  0. 620. 63500. 4414  273. 2 kips
Design strength   v V n  0. 9273. 2  245. 9 kips  V u (OK)
Af  M u − A w  254812 − 20. 63  9. 628 in. 2

0. 9hF y 6 0. 95250 6
b f ≥ 9. 628  6. 419 in.
1. 5
Try a 1 12 -in.  9-in. flange, A f  1. 59  13. 5 in. 2
[10-26]
Check for web area  compression flange area ≤ 10 :
20. 63  1. 528  10 (OK)
13. 5
Girder weight  20. 63  213. 5 0. 490
144
 0. 162 1 kips/ft ≈ 0.160 kips/ft (Say OK)
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 3/852 3  213. 5 52  1. 5
12 2 12 2
 2. 371  10 4 in. 4
23, 710
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix   862. 2 in. 3
h/2  t f  52/2  1. 5
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  50862. 2  4. 311  10 4 in.-kips

bf
 9  3. 0,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 21. 5 Fy 50
Since    p , F cr  F y  50 ksi
1½" 9"
8.667"
3/8"
(not to scale)
h  52  8. 667 in., I  1 8. 6673/8 3  1 1. 59 3  91. 16 in. 4

6 6 12 12
A  8. 6673/8  91. 5  16. 75 in. 2 , rt  I  91. 16  2. 333 in.
A 16. 75
L b  12. 5 ft
[10-27]
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 12. 333 29000  61. 8 in.  5.15 ft
Fy 50
L r  r t E  2. 333 29000  211. 0 in.  17.58 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
The central unbraced length is critical. Conservatively, use C b  1. 0
F cr  1. 0 50 − 0. 350 12. 5 − 5. 15  41. 13 ksi  50 ksi

17. 58 − 5. 15
∴ F cr  41. 13 ksi
a r  A w  20. 63  1. 528  10
Af 13. 5
R pg  1 − ar h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a r tw Fy
 1− 1. 528 138. 7 − 5. 7 29000  0. 998 7

1200  3001. 528 50
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 998 741. 13862. 2  3. 542  10 4 in.-kips
 b M n  0. 935420/12  2657 ft-kips  2548 ft-kips (OK)
3
Use a 8
10.7-4
248
(a) At the support, Vu  VL  wuL  Pu   120  168 kips
2 2
M u  16824 − 224 2 /2 − 1208  2496 ft-kips
(Girder weight is included.)
Try t f  2 in., h  50 − 22  46. 0 in.
Try a slender web: h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  46  0. 335 in.
137. 3 137. 3
[10-28]
For a ≤ 1. 5, h ≤ 12. 0 E  12. 0 29000  289. 0
h tw Fy 50
0. 429000
For a  1. 5, h ≤ 0. 4E   232. 0
h t w Fy 50
tw ≥ h  46  0. 198 3 in.
232. 0 232. 0
1
Try a 4
in.  46 in. web.
h  46  184. 0, A w  1/446  2  2  12. 5 in. 2
tw 1/4
M u / b 249612/0. 90
Af  − Aw  − 12. 5  12. 39 in. 2
hF y 6 4650 6
b f ≥ 12. 39  6. 195 in.
2
Try a 2-in.  9-in. flange, A f  29  18. 0 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 1/446 3  218 46  2
12 2 12 2
 2. 276  10 4 in. 4
4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  2. 276  10  910. 4 in. 3
h/2  t f  46/2  2

bf
 9  2. 25,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 22 Fy 50
h  46  7. 667 in., I  1 7. 6670. 25 3  1 29 3  121. 5 in. 4

6 6 12 12
A  7. 6670. 25  92  19. 92 in. 2 , rt  I  121. 5  2. 470 in.
A 19. 92
L b  16 ft.
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 12. 470 29000  65. 43 in.  5.453 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  2. 470 29000  223. 4 in.  18.62 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
[10-29]
Since L p ≤ L b  L r ,
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 0 50 − 0. 350 16 − 5. 453  37. 98 ksi (controls)

18. 62 − 5. 453
(C b  1. 0 is a conservative estimate.)
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
460. 25
aw  hctw   0. 638 9  10
b fc t fc 92
R pg  1 − 0. 638 9 184 − 5. 7 29000  0. 978 5  1. 0

1200  3000. 638 9 50
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 978537. 98910. 4  3. 383  10 4 in.-kips
 b M n  0. 93. 383  10 4 /12  2537 ft-kips  2496 ft-kips (OK)
Use a 1/4-in.  46-in. web and a 2-in.  9-in. flange.
(b) Shear:
For the first stiffener, determine the required a/h manually (i.e., do not use the Manual
Curves).
From V n  0. 6A w F y C v1 ,
Vn 168/0. 9
Required C v1    0. 497 8
0. 6A w F y 0. 612. 550
Determine required k v . Assuming that AISC Eq. G2-4 controls,
1. 10 k v E
Fy
C v1 
h/t w
C 2v1 h/t w  2 F y 0. 4978 2 184 2 50
kv    11. 95
1. 10 2 E 1. 10 2 29000
kv  5  5
a/h 2
a  5  5  1. 038
h kv − 5 9. 643 − 5
[10-30]
The required stiffener spacing is
a  1. 038h  1. 03846  47. 75. Use a  48 in.
At 48 in. from left end, V u  168 − 2 48  160. 0 kips
12
a  48  1. 043  3 ∴ tension field action can be used.
h 46
kv  5  5  5 5  9. 596
a/h 2 1. 043 2
9. 59629000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  82. 06
Fy 50
Since h  184. 0  82. 06,

tw
use AISC Equation G2-7 or G2-8 (Manual Table 3-17b or c)
2A w 212. 5
  0. 694 4  2. 5
A fc  A ft 22  9
h  h  46  5. 111  6. 0
b fc b ft 9
∴ use Manual Table 3-17b.
vVn
 160. 0  12. 8 ksi
Aw 12. 5
h/t w  184.
vVn vVn
For  12 ksi, a  2. 30 For  15 ksi, a  1. 60
Aw h Aw h
 V 12. 8 − 12 2. 30 − 1. 60  2. 113
For v n  12. 8 ksi, a  2. 30 −
Aw h 15 − 12
a  2. 113h  2. 11346  97. 20. Use a  97 in.
That puts the next stiffener at 48  97  145 in. from the left end. Distance remaining
to concentrated load is 1612 − 145  47 in. (Shear strength will be adequate).
At 16 ft from the left end (to the right of the concentrated load),
V u  168 − 216 − 120  16 kips
vVn
Required  16  1. 896 ksi
Aw 8. 438
For a  16  12  4. 174  3, tension field not allowable.
h 46
k v  5. 34
[10-31]
5. 3429000
1. 10  61. 22
50
Since h  184. 0  61. 22,
tw
C v1  61. 22  0. 332 7
184
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 65012. 50. 3327  124. 8 kips
V n  0. 9124. 8  112. 3 kips  V u (OK)
∴ stiffeners not needed in middle 1/3.
The theoretical required stiffener spacing is 1@48 in., 1@97 in. each end
For a symmetrical spacing, use 1@48, 1@97/2 ≈ 48 in. each end
10.7-5
1
From Problem 10.7-4, use a 4
 46 web and 2  9 flanges. Reaction  168 kips
Design the bearing stiffeners at the supports and use the same design for the interior
stiffeners.
bf − tw 9 − 1/4
Maximum stiffener width    4. 375 in.
2 2
Try b  4 in. and
t≥ b F yst
 4 50  0. 296 6 in.
0. 56 E 0. 56 29000
5
Try two plates, 16
in.  4 in., with 1-in. cutouts.
Bearing strength: A pb  4 − 15/16  2  1. 875 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8501. 875  168. 8 kips
R n  0. 75168. 8  126. 6 kips  V L  168 kips (N.G.)
Determined required thickness.
Required R n  168/0. 75  224. 0 kips
Required A pb  R n  224. 0  2. 489 in. 2

1. 8F y 1. 850
From A pb  2b − 1t, t  A pb /2b − 1  2. 489  0. 414 8 in.
24 − 1
Try 7/16  4 plates.
[10-32]
12t w  121/4  3. 0 in.
(This small contribution could be ignored, but we will include it here.)
I  1 3. 00. 25 3  2 1 7/164 3  47/162. 0  1  1  2  20. 48 in. 4
12 12 2 4
A  31/4  247/16  4. 25 in. 2
r I  20. 48  2. 195 in.

A 4. 25
L c  KL  0. 7546  15. 72
r r 2. 195
Since L c /r  25, use F cr  F y .
 c P n  0. 90F cr A  0. 90504. 25  191. 3 kips  168 kips (OK)
7
Use 2 PL 16
 4, with 1-in. cutouts.
10.7-6
(a) w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 0  1. 62  4. 4 kips/ft
P u  1. 6P L  1. 6475  760. 0 kips
4. 480  760
Left reaction  V L  w u L  P u   556. 0 kips
2 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 578 3  22. 5  22 78  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 1. 980  10 5 in. 4
The shear flow is
 2. 522 78  2. 5
tf
Q  Af h   2214 in. 3
2 2 2 2
VuQ 556. 02214
At the support,   6. 217 kips/in.
Ix 198000
3
Minimum weld size  16
in. (AISC Table J2.4)
Minimum length of intermittent fillet welds  4 3  0. 75 in.  1.5 in., use 1.5 in.
16
Use E70 electrodes, R n  1. 392D kips/in., where D  weld size in sixteenths.
[10-33]
5
Try 16
-in.  1 12 -in. intermittent fillet welds. For two welds,
Weld strength  2  1. 3925  13. 92 kips/in.
Base metal shear yield strength  0. 6tF y  0. 60. 550  15. 0 kips/in.
Base metal shear rupture strength  0. 45tF u  0. 450. 565  14. 63 kips/in.
For a 1.5-in. length, R n  1. 513. 92  20. 88 kips
Required spacing:
R n VuQ 20. 88  6. 217
s  Ix  s  s  3. 358 in.
For a center-to-center spacing of 3 in., the clear spacing is 3 − 1. 5  1. 5 in.

Maximum clear spacing: From AISC E6,
d ≤ 0. 75 E t  0. 75 29000 2. 5  45. 16 in. (or 12 in.; 12 in. controls.)

Fy 50
Maximum s  12  1.5 in.  13.5 in.
For s  13.5 in.,
R n VuQ 20. 88  V u 2214
s  Ix   V u  138. 3 kips
13. 5 198000
Shear at mid-span, left of load,  556 − 4. 440  380. 0 kips, so maximum spacing
will never be used.
R n I x 20. 88198000
Spacing required at mid-span    4. 914 in.
VuQ 3802214
The small variation in required spacing does not warrant using more than one spacing.
5
Use 16
-in.  1 12 -in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 3 in. c-c.
5
Alternate: Use a 16
-in. E70 continuous fillet weld.
(b) w a  1  2  3 kips/ft
P a  475 kips
380  475
Left reaction  V L   357. 5 kips
2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 578 3  22. 5  22 78  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 1. 980  10 5 in. 4
The shear flow is
[10-34]
 2. 522 78  2. 5
tf
Q  Af h   2214 in. 3
2 2 2 2
VLQ 357. 52214
Ix 198000
3
Minimum length of intermittent fillet welds  4 3  0. 75 in.  1.5 in., use 1.5 in.
16
Use E70 electrodes, R n /  0. 9279D kips/in., where D  weld size in sixteenths.
5
Try 16
For a 1.5-in. length, R n /  1. 59. 279  13. 92 kips
Required spacing:
R n / V Q 13. 92  3. 998
s  a  s  s  3. 482 in.
Ix

Fy 50
Maximum s  12  1.5 in.  13.5 in.
For s  13.5 in.,
R n / V Q 13. 92  V a 2214
 a   V a  92. 21 kips
s Ix 13. 5 198000
Shear at mid-span, left of load,  357. 5 − 340  237. 5 kips, so maximum spacing
will never be used.
R n /I x 13. 92198000
Spacing required at mid-span    5. 242 in.
VaQ 237. 52214
[10-35]
The small variation in required spacing does not warrant using more than one spacing.
5
Use 16
-in.  1 12 -in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 3 in. c-c.
5
Alternate: Use a 16
-in. E70 continuous fillet weld.
10.7-7
(a) Assume a girder weight of 200 lb/ft.
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 3  0. 200  1. 62. 3  5. 48 kips/ft
P u  1. 2P D  1. 6P L  1. 228  1. 649  112. 0 kips
5. 4866
Vu  VL  wuL  Pu   112  292. 8 kips
2 2
M u  292. 833 − 5. 4833 2 /2 − 11266/6  5447 ft-kips
Try t f  1. 5 in.  h  80 − 21. 5  77. 0 in.
Try a slender plate girder.
h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3
tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  77  0. 560 8 in.
137. 3 137. 3
From h ≤ 12. 0 E  12. 0 29000  289. 0
tw Fy 50
and h ≤ 0. 40E  0. 4029000  232. 0

tw Fy 50
tw ≥ h  77. 0  0. 331 9 in.
232. 0 232. 0
1
Try a 2
in.  77 in. web.
h  77  154. 0, A w  0. 577  2  1. 5  40. 0 in. 2
tw 0. 5
Af  M u − A w  544712 − 40. 0  12. 20 in. 2

0. 9hF y 6 0. 97750 6
b f ≥ 12. 20  8. 133 in.
1. 5
Try a 1 12 -in.  8 14 -in. flange, A f  1. 58. 25  12. 38 in. 2
Girder weight  40. 0  212. 38 0. 490  0. 220 4 kips/ft  0.200 kips/ft
144
[10-36]
Assume girder weight  0.25 kips/ft
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 3  0. 250  1. 62. 3  5. 54 kips/ft
5. 5466
Vu  VL  wuL  Pu   112  294. 8 kips
2 2
M u  294. 833 − 5. 5433 2 /2 − 11266/6  5480 ft-kips
Af  M u − A w  548012 − 40. 0  12. 31 in. 2

0. 9hF y 6 0. 97750 6
b f ≥ 12. 31  8. 207 in.
1. 5
Try a 1 12 -in.  8 14 -in. flange
Weight is the same as before: 0.2204 kips/ft  0.25 kips/ft assumed (OK)
A f  1. 58. 25  12. 38 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 577 3  212. 38 77  1. 5
12 2 12 2
 5. 717  10 4 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  57170  1429 in. 3

h/2  t f  77/2  1. 5
Compression flange: Compute the plate girder strength reduction factor.
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
770. 5
aw  hctw   3. 111  10
b fc t fc 8. 251. 5
R pg  1 − 3. 111 154 − 5. 7 29000  0. 975 6  1. 0

1200  3003. 111 50
Check FLB:

bf
 8. 25  2. 75,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 21. 5 Fy 50
h  77  12. 83 in., I  1 12. 830. 5 3  1 1. 58. 25 3  70. 32 in. 4

6 6 12 12
[10-37]
A  12. 830. 5  8. 251. 5  18. 79 in. 2 , rt  I  70. 32  1. 935 in.
A 18. 79
L b  22 ft.
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 11. 935 29000  51. 26 in.  4.272 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  1. 935 29000  175. 0 in.  14.58 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
Since L b  L r ,
2 1. 0 2 29000
F cr  C b  E2   15. 38 ksi (Controls)
Lb 22  12 2
rt 1. 935
M n  R pg F cr S xc  0. 975615. 381429  2. 144  10 4 in.-kips
 b M n  0. 92. 144  10 4 /12  1608 ft-kips  5480 ft-kips (N.G.)
Try a 0.5  77 web and a 1.5  14 flange. (Preliminary trials not shown.)
A f  1. 514  21. 0 in. 2
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 577 3  221. 0 77  1. 5
12 2 12 2
 8. 373  10 4 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  83730  2093 in. 3

h/2  t f  77/2  1. 5
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
770. 5
aw  hctw   1. 833  10
b fc t fc 141. 5
R pg  1 − 1. 833 154 − 5. 7 29000  0. 982 5  1. 0

1200  3001. 833 50
Check FLB:

bf
 14  4. 667,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 21. 5 Fy 50
h  77  12. 83 in., I  1 12. 830. 5 3  1 1. 514 3  343. 1 in. 4
6 6 12 12
[10-38]
A  12. 830. 5  141. 5  27. 42 in. 2 , rt  I  343. 1  3. 537 in.
A 27. 42
L b  22 ft.
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 13. 537 29000  93. 7 in.  7.808 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  3. 537 29000  319. 9 in.  26.66 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
 1. 0 50 − 0. 350 22 − 7. 808  38. 71 ksi (controls)

26. 66 − 7. 808
 b M n  0. 907. 96  10 4 /12  5970 ft-kips
Check weight:
w  1. 5142  770. 5490/144  273. 9 lb/ft
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 3  0. 2739  1. 62. 3  5. 569 kips/ft
5. 56966
Vu  VL  wuL  Pu   112  295. 8 kips
2 2
M u  295. 833 − 5. 56933 2 /2 − 11266/6  5497 ft-kips
5970 ft-kips  5497 ft-kips (OK)
1
Try a 2
Shear: A w  77  2  1. 51/2  40. 0 in. 2

At the left end,
vVn
Required  295. 8  7. 395 ksi, h  154
Aw 40. 0 tw
From Table 3-17a in the Manual, no stiffeners are required.
(b) Intermediate stiffener size:
There are no intermediate stiffeners.

Design the bearing stiffeners at the supports for a load of V L  295. 8 kips
[10-39]
bf − tw
Maximum stiffener width   14 − 0. 5  6. 75 in.
2 2
Try b  6 in. and t ≥ 1. 79b

Fy
 1. 796 50  0. 446 0 in.
E 29000
1
Try two plates, 2
Bearing strength: A pb  6 − 10. 5  2  5. 0 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8505. 0  450. 0 kips
R n  0. 75450. 0  337. 5 kips  V L  294. 8 kips (OK)
12t w  120. 5  6 in.
I  1 60. 5 3  2 1 0. 56 3  60. 53  1/4 2  81. 44 in. 4
12 12
A  60. 5  260. 5  9. 0 in. 2
r I  81. 44  3. 008 in.

A 9. 0
L c  KL  0. 7577  57. 75 in.
L c  57. 75  19. 20
r 3. 008
R n  F y A g  509. 0  450. 0 kips
 c R n  0. 90450. 0  405. 0 kips  294. 8 kips (OK)
Because the stiffener was sized for dimensional constraints, it cannot be made any
smaller. This size also has adequate strength for the interior stiffeners.
1
Use 2 PL 2
 6 with 1-in. cutouts for all bearing stiffeners.
(c) Design the flange-to-web welds.
 1. 5  14 77  1. 5
tf
The shear flow is Q  Af h   824. 3 in. 3
2 2 2 2
VuQ 295. 8824. 3
Ix 83730
5
[10-40]
Minimum length  4 5  1. 25 in.  1.5 in., use 1.5 in.
16
5
Try 16
Required spacing:
R n VuQ 20. 88  2. 912
s  Ix  s  s  7. 195 in.

d ≤ 0. 75 E t  0. 75 29, 000 1. 5  27. 1 in. (or 12 in.; 12 in. controls.)

Fy 50
Maximum s  12  1.5 in.  13.5 in.

For s  13.5 in.,
R n VuQ 20. 88  V u 824. 3 , Solution is: V u  157. 1 kips
s  Ix 
13. 5 83730
Shear at first interior load, left of load,  295. 8 − 5. 56922  173. 3 kips, so
maximum spacing will not be used in the first third of the span.
Spacing required at left side of first interior load:
R n I x 20. 8883730
  12. 18 in.
VuQ 174. 2824. 3
In addition to the 7-in. spacing, try a spacing of 10 inches. This can be used where
20. 88  V u 824. 3 , Solution is: V u  212. 1 kips
10 83730
This occurs where 295. 8 − 5. 569x  212. 1, Solution is: x  15. 03 ft.
Check middle third of span. Shear on right side of load  173. 3 − 112. 0  61. 3 kips
R n I x 20. 8883730
s   34. 60 in.  13.5 in. maximum ∴ use s  13 12 in.
VuQ 61. 3824. 3
Summary for flange-to-web welds:
[10-41]
5
Use 16
in.  1 12 in. intermittent E70 fillet welds.
27 spaces at 7 in., 7 spaces at 10 in., each end.

Spacing between interior loads 13 12 in.
Welds for intermediate stiffeners: There are no intermediate stiffeners.

Welds for bearing stiffeners at the supports (1/2  6):
3
in. (AISC Table J2.4, based on a thickness of 1/2 in.)

16
3
Try 16
in.  1 12 in. intermittent fillet welds. For four welds, the weld strength is
4  1. 3923  16. 7 kips/in.
Base metal shear yield strength  0. 6tF y  0. 62  0. 550  30. 0 kips/in.
Base metal shear rupture strength  0. 45tF u  0. 452  0. 565  29. 25 kips/in.
Weld strength controls. For a 1.5-in. length,
R n  1. 516. 7  25. 05 kips
Reaction  length available for weld  295. 8  3. 944 kips/in.
77 − 21. 0
25. 05  3. 944
s
s  6. 351 in.
For a center-to-center spacing of 6 14 in., the clear spacing is 6. 25 − 1. 5  4. 75 in
Maximum clear spacing:
d ≤ 0. 75 E t  0. 75 29000 0. 5  9. 03 in. (or 12 in.; 9.03 in. controls.)

Fy 50
Use 1
4
in.  1 12 in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 4 34  0. 75 in. c-c
for bearing stiffener at support.

Welds for interior bearing stiffeners (1/2  6):
3
in. and minimum length  1.5 in.
3
Try 16
[10-42]
4  1. 3923  16. 7 kips/in.
Weld strength controls:
R n  1. 516. 7  25. 05 kips
The shear to be transferred is
P u  length available for weld  112  1. 493 kips/in.
77 − 21. 0
25. 05  1. 493 kips/in.  s  16. 78 in.
s
For a center-to-center spacing of 16 34 in., the clear spacing is
16. 75 − 1. 5  15. 25 in.  9 in. max. (9  1. 5  10. 5 in. c-c)
3
Use 16
in.  1 12 in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 10 12 in. c-c
for interior bearing stiffeners.
10.7-8
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 20. 3  0. 6  1. 60. 7  2. 2 kips/ft
P u  1. 2P D  1. 6P L  1. 250  1. 6150  300. 0 kips
2. 2100  3300
V u  V L  w u L  3P u   560. 0 kips
2 2
M u  56050 − 2. 250 2 /2 − 30025  1. 775  10 4 ft-kips
Total depth: L  10012  120 in., L  10012  100 in.

10 10 12 12
Try a total depth of 120 in. and t f  2. 5 in.
h  120 − 22. 5  115. 0 in.
For a slender girder,
h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3
tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  115  0. 837 6 in.

137. 3 137. 3
[10-43]
From h ≤ 12 E  12 29000  289. 0
tw Fy 50
and
h ≤ 0. 40E  0. 4029000  232. 0
tw Fy 50
tw ≥ h  115  0. 495 7 in.
232. 0 232. 0
3
Try a 4
in.  115 in. web.
h  115  153. 3, A w  3/4115  2. 5  2. 5  90. 0 in. 2
tw 3/4
Af  M u − A w  1775012 − 90  26. 16 in. 2

0. 9hF y 6 0. 911550 6
b f ≥ 26. 16  10. 46 in.
2. 5
Try a 2 12 in.  15 12 in. flange, A f  2. 515. 5  38. 75 in. 2
Girder weight  0. 75115  238. 75 0. 490

144
 0. 5572 kips/ft  0.600 kips/ft (OK)
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 75115 3  238. 75 115  2. 5
12 2 12 2
 3. 626  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  362600  6043 in. 3

h/2  t f  115/2  2. 5

bf
 15. 5  3. 1,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 22. 5 Fy 50
h  115  19. 17 in.

6 6
I  1 19. 170. 75 3  1 2. 515. 5 3  776. 5 in. 4
12 12
A  19. 170. 75  15. 52. 5  53. 13 in. 2
[10-44]
rt  I  776. 5  3. 823 in.
A 53. 13
L b  25 ft
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 13. 823 29000  101. 3 in.  8.442 ft

Fy 50
L r  r t E  3. 823 29000  345. 7 in.  28.81 ft

0. 7F y 0. 750
Lb − Lp
F cr  C b F y − 0. 3F y ≤ Fy
Lr − Lp
Compute C b .
M A  56025  25/4 − 2. 225  25/4 2 /2 − 25/4300  1. 455  10 4 ft-kips
M B  56025  2  25/4 − 2. 225  2  25/4 2 /2 − 2  25/4300
 1. 57  10 4 ft-kips
M C  56025  3  25/4 − 2. 225  3  25/4 2 /2 − 3  25/4300
 1. 677  10 4 ft-kips
M max  56025  4  25/4 − 2. 225  4  25/4 2 /2 − 4  25/4300
 1. 775  10 4 ft-kips
Cb  12. 5M max
2. 5M max  3M A  4M B  3M C
12. 517750
  1. 103
2. 517750  314550  415700  316770
F cr  1. 103 50 − 0. 350 25 − 8. 442  41. 70 ksi (controls)
28. 81 − 8. 442
Compute the bending strength reduction factor.
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
1150. 75
aw  hctw   2. 226  10
b fc t fc 15. 52. 5
R pg  1 − 2. 226 153. 3 − 5. 7 29000  0. 980 9  1. 0

1200  3002. 226 50
 b M n  0. 92. 472  10 5 /12  18, 540 ft-kips  17,750 ft-kips (OK)
[10-45]
3
Try a 4
in.  115 in. web and 2 12 in.  15 12 in. flanges
Shear: At left end,

Required  v V n  560 kips
Assume that a  25 ft (the distance to the first interior bearing stiffener)
a  2512  2. 609  3. 0
h 115
kv  5  5  5 5  5. 735
2
a/h 2. 609 2
5. 73529000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  63. 44
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
h  153. 3  63. 44 ∴ C v1   63. 44  0. 413 8
tw h 153. 3
tw
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 650900. 4138  1117 kips
 v V n  0. 901117  1005 kips  560 kips (OK)
No intermediate stiffeners (other than the bearing stiffeners) are required.
(b) Intermediate stiffeners: Intermediate stiffeners are not required.

Bearing stiffeners:
Design the bearing stiffeners at the supports for a load of V L  560 kips
bf − tw
Maximum stiffener width   15. 5 − 0. 75  7. 375 in.
2 2
Try b  7 in. and t ≥ 1. 79b

Fy
 1. 797 50  0. 520 3 in.
E 29000
5
Try two plates, 8
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8507. 5  675. 0 kips
R n  0. 75675  506. 3 kips  V L  560 kips (N.G.)
3
Try two plates, 4
A pb  7 − 10. 75  2  9. 0 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8509  810. 0 kips
[10-46]
R n  0. 75810  607. 5 kips  V L  560 kips (OK)
12t w  120. 75  9. 0 in.
I  1 9. 00. 75 3  2 1 0. 757 3  70. 753. 5  3/8 2  200. 9 in. 4
12 12
A  90. 75  270. 75  17. 25 in. 2
r I  200. 9  3. 413 in.

A 17. 25
L c  KL  0. 75115  86. 25 in.
L c  86. 25  25. 27
r 3. 413
2  2 29000
Fe   E 2   448. 2 ksi
Lc 25. 27 2
r
4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Since Lrc  4. 71 E
Fy
Fy 50
F cr  0. 658 F e Fy  0. 658 448. 2 50  47. 72 ksi
R n  0. 90F cr A g  0. 9047. 7217. 25  740. 9 kips  560 kips (OK)

3
Use 2 PL 4
 7 with 1-in. cutouts for bearing stiffeners at the supports.
Because there is a large difference between the reactions and the interior concentrated
loads, use a different size for the interior bearing stiffeners. Design the interior bearing
stiffeners for a load of P u  300 kips.
Try b  6 in. and t ≥ 1. 79b

Fy
 1. 796 50  0. 446 in.
E 29, 000
1
Try two plates, 2
Bearing strength: A pb  6 − 10. 5  2  5. 0 in. 2
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8505  450. 0 kips
[10-47]
R n  0. 75450  338 kips  P u  300 kips (OK)
25t w  250. 75  18. 75 in.
I  1 18. 750. 75 3  2 1 0. 56 3  60. 53  3/8 2  87. 0 in. 4
12 12
A  18. 750. 75  260. 5  20. 06 in. 2
r I  87  2. 083 in.
A 20. 06
L c  KL  0. 75115  86. 25 in.
L c  86. 25  41. 41
r 2. 083
2  2 29000
Fe   E 2   166. 9 ksi
Lc 41. 41 2
r
4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Fy
Fy 50
F cr  0. 658 F e Fy  0. 658 166. 9 50  44. 11 ksi
R n  0. 90F cr A g  0. 9044. 1120. 06  796. 4 kips  300 kips (OK)

1
Use 2 PL 2
 6 with 1-in. cutouts for the interior bearing stiffeners.
(c) Design the flange-to-web welds.
 38. 75 115  2. 5
tf
Shear flow: Q  Af h   2277 in. 3
2 2 2 2
VuQ 5602277
Ix 3. 626  10 5
1
Minimum length  4 1  1 in.  1.5 in., use 1.5 in.

4
[10-48]
1
Try 4
Weld strength controls.
Required spacing:
R n VuQ 16. 71  3. 517
s  Ix  s  s  4. 751 in.
For a center-to-center spacing of 4 12 in., the clear spacing is 4. 5 − 1. 5  3. 0 in.


Fy 50
Maximum s  12  1.5 in.  13.5 in.
For s  13.5 in.,
R n VuQ 16. 71  V u 2277 , Solution is: V u  197. 1 kips
s  Ix 
13. 5 3. 626  10 5
Shear at first interior load, left of load,  560 − 2. 225  505. 0 kips, so maximum
spacing will not be used in the first third of the span.
R n I x 16. 713. 626  10 5 
  5. 269 in.
VuQ 5052277
Since this is so close to the 4 12 -inch spacing, do not vary the spacing within the first 25
feet.
Check second quarter of span. Shear on right side of load  505 − 300  205. 0 kips
R n I x 16. 713. 626  10 5 
s 
VuQ 2052277
 12. 98 in.  13.5 in. maximum ∴ use s  12 12 in.
1
Summary for flange-to-web welds: Use 4
in.  1 12 in. intermittent E70 fillet welds.
67 spaces at 4 12 in.  each end.
Spacing between interior loads  12 12 in.
[10-49]
Welds for bearing stiffeners: Welds for bearing stiffeners at the supports (3/4  7):
1
in. (AISC Table J2.4, based on a thickness of 3/4 in.)
Minimum length  41/4  1 in.  1.5 in., use 1.5 in.
1
Try 4
4  1. 3924  22. 27 kips/in.
R n  1. 522. 27  33. 41 kips
Reaction  length available for weld  560  4. 956 kips/in.
115 − 21. 0
33. 41  4. 956, Solution is: 6. 74 in.
s
For a center-to-center spacing of 6 12 in., the clear spacing is 6. 5 − 1. 5  5. 0 in.
1
Use 4
in.  1 12 in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 6 12 in. c-c for bearing stiffener at support.
Welds for interior bearing stiffeners (1/2  6):

3
3
Try 16
4  1. 3923  16. 7 kips/in.
Weld strength controls:
R n  1. 516. 7  25. 05 kips
P u  length available for weld  300  2. 655 kips/in.
115 − 21. 0
25. 05  2. 655, Solution is: s  9. 435 kips/in.
s
For a center-to-center spacing of 9 in., the clear spacing is
9 − 1. 5  7. 5 in
[10-50]
Maximum clear spacing:
d ≤ 0. 75 E t  0. 75 29000 0. 5  9. 03 in. (or 12 in.; 9.03 in. controls.)

Fy 50
3
Use 16
in.  1 12 in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 9 in. c-c for interior bearing stiffeners.
10.7-9
w u  1. 2w D  1. 6w L  1. 21. 9  0. 875  1. 62. 8  7. 81 kips/ft
P u  1. 2P D  1. 6P L  1. 2112  1. 6168  403. 2 kips
7. 81120  3403. 2
V u  V L  w u L  3P u   1073 kips
2 2
M u  107360 − 7. 8160 2 /2 − 403. 230  3. 823  10 4 ft-kips
Try t f  3 in., h  1012 − 23  114 in.
In order for this flexural member to be a slender girder,
h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3
tw Fy 50
∴ tw ≤ h  114  0. 830 3 in.

137. 3 137. 3
From h ≤ 11. 7 E  12. 0 29000  289. 0
tw F yf 50
and h ≤ 0. 40E  0. 4029000  232. 0

tw Fy 50
tw ≥ h  114  0. 491 4 in.
241. 4 232
Try a 0. 75 in.  114 in. web.
h  114  152. 0, A w  0. 75114  2  3  90. 0 in. 2
tw 0. 75
Af  M u − A w  3823012 − 90  74. 43 in. 2

0. 9hF y 6 0. 911450 6
b f ≥ 74. 43  24. 81 in.
3
Try a 3 in.  28 in. flange, A f  328  84. 0 in. 2
[10-51]
Girder weight  0. 75114  284. 0 0. 490
144
 0. 863 kips/ft  0.875 kips/ft (OK)
2
h  tf 2
I x  1 t w h 3  2A f  1 0. 75114 3  284. 0 114  3
12 2 12 2
 6. 675  10 5 in. 4
S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  667500  1. 113  10 4 in. 3

h/2  t f  114/2  3
Tension flange: M n  F y S xt  501. 113  10 4   5. 565  10 5 in.-kips

bf
 28  4. 667,  p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152
2t f 23 Fy 50
h  114  19. 0 in., I  1 190. 75 3  1 328 3  5489 in. 4

6 6 12 12
A  190. 75  283  98. 25 in. 2 , rt  I  5489  7. 474 in.
A 98. 25
L b  10 ft.
L p  1. 1r t E  1. 17. 474 29000  198. 0 in.  16.5 ft

Fy 50
Since L b  L p , F cr  F y
Compute the bending strength reduction factor.
R pg  1 − aw h c − 5. 7 E ≤ 1. 0
1200  300a w tw Fy
1140. 75
aw  hctw   1. 018  10
b fc t fc 283
R pg  1 − 1. 018 152 − 5. 7 29000  0. 99  1. 0

1200  3001. 018 50
 b M n  0. 95. 509  10 5 /12
 4. 132  10 4 ft-kips  3. 823  10 4 ft-kips (OK)
[10-52]
3
Try a 4
in.  114 in. web and 3 in.  28 in. flanges
(b) Shear: At left end,

vVn
Required  1073  11. 92 ksi, h  152
Aw 90 tw
 V
From Table 3-17a in the Manual, for v n  12,
Aw
a  1.85.
h
a  1. 85h  1. 85114  210. 9 in.. Use a  210 in.
At 210 in. from left end, V u  1073 − 7. 81 210  936. 3 kips
12
Check the strength with no additional stiffeners.
k v  5. 34
5. 3429000
1. 10 k v E  1. 10  61. 22
Fy 50
1. 10 k v E
Fy
h  152  61. 22 ∴ C v1   61. 22  0. 402 8
tw h 152
tw
V n  0. 6F y A w C v1  0. 650900. 4028  1088 kips
 v V n  0. 901088  979. 2 kips  936.2 kips (OK)
No additional intermediate stiffeners are needed.
3
Use a 4
 114 web and 3  28 flanges
Use one intermediate stiffener at 210 in. from each end.

Intermediate stiffener size:
bf − tw
 28 − 0. 75  13. 63 in. Try b  12 in.
2 2
From b ≤ 0. 56 E
t st F yst
12 ≤ 0. 56 29000
t 50
t ≥ 0. 1258 in. Try t  5/16 in.
Use I st ≈ I st1
[10-53]
1.5
h 4  1.3 F yw
 st
40 E
 max 50 , 1
F yw
 st  max ,1 1
F yst 50
1.5
h 4  1.3 F yw 114 4 1 50 1.5
I st  st
  302. 3 in. 4
40 E 40 29000
Try two 5/16  12 plates.
5/1612 3
I st   5/16126  3/8 2 2
12
 394. 8 in. 4  302. 3 in. 4 (OK)
Length: From Figure 10.9 in the textbook,
c ≥ 4t w  40. 75  3. 0 in., and c ≤ 6t w  60. 75  4. 5 in.
3
Assume a flange-to-web weld size of w  16
in. (minimum size) and c  4 in.
Length  h − w − 4  114 − 3 − 4  109. 8 in., say 110 in.

16
5
Use two PL 16
in.  12 in.  9 ft-2 in. for intermediate stiffeners.
(c) Design bearing stiffeners for the concentrated loads of P u  403. 2 kips
bf − tw 28 − 3/4
Maximum stiffener width    13. 63 in.
2 2
Try b  7 in. and t ≥ 1. 79b

Fy
 1. 797 50  0. 520 3 in.
E 29000
Try two plates, 9/16 in.  7 in., with 1-in. cutouts.
R n  1. 8F y A pb  1. 8506. 75  607. 5 kips
R n  0. 75607. 5  455. 6 kips  P u  403. 2 kips (OK)
25t w  253/4  18. 75 in.
I  1 18. 753/4 3  2 1 9/167 3  79/163. 5  3/8 2  151. 1 in. 4

12 12
A  18. 753/4  279/16  21. 94 in. 2
r I  151. 1  2. 624 in.

A 21. 94
[10-54]
L c  KL  0. 75114  85. 5 in.
L c  85. 5  32. 58
r 2. 624
2  2 29000
Fe   E 2   269. 6 ksi
Lc 32. 58 2
r
4. 71 E  4. 71 29000  113. 4
Fy 50
Fy
Fy 50
F cr  0. 658 e
F Fy  0. 658 269. 6 50  46. 27 ksi
R n  0. 90F cr A g  0. 9046. 2721. 94  914 kips  403.2 kips (OK)

Use 2 PL 1  12 with 1-in. cutouts for bearing stiffeners.
(d) Design the flange-to-web welds.
 84 114  3
tf
Shear flow: Q  Af h   4914 in. 3
2 2 2 2
VuQ 10734914
Ix 6. 675  10 5
1

4
1
Try 4
R n  1. 511. 14  16. 71 kips
Required spacing:
R n VuQ 16. 71  7. 899
s  Ix  s  s  2. 12 in.
[10-55]
d ≤ 0. 75 E t  0. 75 29, 000 3  54. 2 in. (or 12 in.; 12 in. controls.)

Fy 50
Maximum s  12  1.5 in.  13.5 in.
For s  13.5 in.,
R n VuQ 16. 71  V u 4914
s  Ix   V u  168. 1 kips
13. 5 6. 675  10 5
Shear at first interior load, left of load,  1073 − 8. 3730  821. 9 kips, so the
maximum spacing will not be used in the first quarter of the span.
R n I x 16. 816. 675  10 5 
s   2. 778 in.
VuQ 821. 94914
Since the required center-to-center spacing within the first quarter of the span is less
than twice the weld length , use a continuous weld.
Check second quarter of span.
Shear on right side of load  821. 9 − 403. 2  418. 7 kips
R n I x 16. 816. 675  10 5 
s   5. 454 in., use 5 14 in.
VuQ 418. 74914
Determine where maximum spacing can be used. For s  13.5 in.,
R n VuQ 16. 81  V u 4914
s  Ix   V u  169. 1 kips
13. 5 6. 675  10 5
Let V u  1073 − 7. 81x − 403. 2  169. 1  x  64. 11 ft
Distance past first interior load  64. 11 − 30  34. 11 ft (slighty past midspan).
Try an intermediate spacing of 10 inches. This will be required where
R n I x 16. 816. 675  10 5 
Vu    228. 3 kips
sQ 104914
Let V u  1073 − 7. 81x − 403. 2  228. 3  x  56. 53 ft
Distance past first interior load  56. 53 − 30  26. 53 ft.
Since this is close to midspan, continue the 5 14 -in. spacing to midspan.
1
Use 4
-in. cont. E70 fillet weld from A to B and from D to E.
[10-56]
1
Use 4
 1 12 in. intermittent E70 fillet welds spaced at 5 14 -in. from B to C
and from C to D.
5
Welds for intermediate stiffeners 16
in.  12 in. :
3

16
3
Try 16
4  1. 3923  16. 7 kips/in.
Base metal shear yield strength  0. 6F y t  0. 6502  5/16  18. 75 kips/in.
Base metal shear rupture strength  0. 45F u t  0. 45652  5/16  18. 28 kips/in.
R n  1. 516. 7  25. 05 kips
From Equation 10.2, the shear to be transferred is
F 3y 50 3
f  0. 045h  0. 045114  10. 65 kips/in.
E 29000
25. 05  10. 65 kips/in.  s  2. 35 in.
s
For a center-to-center spacing of 2 14 in., the clear spacing is 3 − 2. 25  0. 75 in.
Use continuous 163 in. E70 fillet welds for the intermediate stiffeners.
Welds for bearing stiffeners 1 in.  12 in. :

1
1
Try 4
4  1. 3924  22. 27 kips/in.
Base metal shear strength of the web:
Yield strength  0. 6F y t  0. 6502  0. 75  45. 0 kips/in.
Rupture strength  0. 45F u t  0. 45652  0. 75  43. 88 kips/in.
Weld strength controls. For a 1.5-in. length, R n  1. 522. 27  33. 41 kips
P u  length available for weld  403. 2  3. 6 kips/in.
114 − 21. 0
[10-57]
22. 27  3. 6 kips/in.  s  6. 186 in.
s
For a center-to-center spacing of 6 in., the clear spacing is 6 − 1. 5  4. 5 in  10 in.
max.
1
Use 4
in.  1 12 in. E70 fillet welds spaced at 6 in. c-c for bearing stiffeners.
[10-58]

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CHAPTER 10 - PLATE GIRDERS

5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

Since 3. 76 E  h  5. 70 E , the web is noncompact, and the provisions of

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  13, 430  571. 5 in. 3

 10  5. 0   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

R pg  1 − 1. 688 120 − 5. 7 29000

Since h  5. 70 E , this is a slender-web shape (plate girder).

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  190100  5003 in. 3

 22  3. 667   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

R pg  1 − 0. 5303 140 − 5. 7 29000  0. 998 9

h  60  160, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

Since h  5. 70 E , the web is slender.

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  26210  848. 9 in. 3

 12  6. 857   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

R pg  1 − 2. 143 160 − 5. 7 29000  0. 973 6

h  60  10 in., I  1 103/8 3  1 7/812 3  126. 0 in. 4

L p  1. 1r t E  1. 12. 974 29000  78. 79 in.  6.566 ft

L r  r t E  2. 974 29000  268. 9 in.  22.41 ft.

 1. 30 50 − 0. 350 20 − 6. 566  48. 47 ksi  50 ksi

h  52  208, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  21710  811. 6 in. 3

kc  4  4  0. 277 4  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

 50 − 0. 350 12. 0 − 9. 152  43. 92  50 ksi

L p  1. 1r t E  1. 14. 823 29000  127. 8 in.  10.65 ft

L r  r t E  4. 823 29000  436. 1 in. 36.34 ft.

 1. 30 50 − 0. 350 25 − 10. 65  54. 11 ksi  50 ksi

 1− 0. 9630 208 − 5. 70 29000  0. 954 3  1. 0

h  78  156, 5. 70 E  5. 70 29, 000  137. 3

Since h  5. 70 E , the web is slender.

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  198000  4771 in. 3

 22  4. 4   p  0. 38 E  0. 38 29, 000  9. 152

R PG  1 − 0. 7091 156 − 5. 70 29000  0. 990 6  1. 0

(b) a  200  2. 857  3 ∴ tension field action can be used.

Since h  62. 76, use AISC Equation G2-7 or G2-8

V n  0. 65038. 0 0. 2508  1 − 0. 2508  531 kips

Since h/t w  62. 76,

V n  0. 65021. 56 0. 1667  1 − 0. 1667  408. 3 kips

End panel: Allowable strength  V n  243. 1  146 kips

Middle panel: Allowable strength  V n  187. 5  112 kips

Compute the shear strength of each panel. h  78  156

Since h  67. 37, use AISC Equation G2-7 or G2-8

V n  0. 65041. 5 0. 2327  1 − 0. 2327  685. 4 kips

Allowable strength  V n  901. 9  540 kips  358 kips (OK)

Allowable strength  V n  685. 4  410 kips  346 kips (OK)

r I  77. 79  3. 036 in.

r I  169. 7  3. 492 in.

From h ≤ 11. 7 E  11. 7 29, 000  281. 8

h ≤ 0. 48E 0. 4829, 000

tw ≥ h  71. 5  0. 296 2 in.

kc  4  4  0. 264  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

r  230  230  19. 24

 1. 050 1 − 1 9. 333 − 9. 152  49. 55 ksi

 1− 2. 128 228. 8 − 5. 70 29, 000  0. 894 8  1. 0

kc  4  4  0. 264  0.35 ∴ use k c  0. 35

r  230  230  19. 24

 1. 050 1 − 1 11. 67 − 9. 152  43. 76 ksi

For a slender web, h ≥ 5. 70 E  5. 70 29000  137. 3

  h  194. 7,  p  3. 76 E  3. 76 29, 000  90. 55

S xt  S xc  Icx  Ix  176000  4513 in. 3

 1− 0. 4761 194. 7 − 5. 7 29000  0. 979 6

L p  1. 1r t E  1. 16. 391 29000  169. 3 in.  14.11 ft

L r  r t E  6. 391 29000  577. 9 in.  48.16 ft

 1. 67 50 − 0. 3  50 25. 0 − 14. 11  75. 49  50 ksi ∴ use 50 ksi