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1. For the distribution network shown below determine the flow in each pipe and the
pressure at A.
300m
Elev.
Pipe Diam.,mm Length,m
15m3/min
5m3/min P-8 P- 1 355 1000
P-2 P-5 P- 2 405 2000
250m elev.
P- 3 305 2000
P- 4 205 1000
P-1 P-4 P-7 P- 5 405 2000
P- 6 205 2000
5m3/min 10m3/min 5m3/min P- 7 205 1000
P- 8 300 150
P-3 P-6
Solution:
o Assume the discharge in each pipe and C = 100, n=1.85, for Hazen William’s Eqn.
300m
Elev.
10
15m3/min 5m3/min
250m elev.
5 5
+ +
10 5 15
LOOp 1 LOOP 2
5m3/min 10m3/min 5m3/min
5 10
hf
Q
hf
n
QO
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments
First Trial
Second Trial
Third Trial
Fourth Trial
Fifth Trial
Σ 4.28 19.73
Six Trial
Q + ∆Q
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q
P-1 355 1000 -11.21 -14.70 1.31 -11.29 1.95
Q
I P-2 405 2000 3.79 2.07 0.55 3.71 1.85 * 13.49
Six try P-3 305 2000 -6.21 -20.64 3.32 -6.29 Q 0.07814m 3 / min .
P-4 205 1000 4.24 35.22 8.31 4.16 (negligible )
Σ 1.95 13.49
Q + ∆Q 1.11
Loop Pipe D,m L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q
Q
P-4 205 1000 -4.16 -34.00 8.17 -4.18 1.85 * 20.18
II P-5 405 2000 -5.44 -4.06 0.75 -5.47 Q 0.02973m 3 / min
Six try P-6 205 2000 -0.44 -1.08 2.43 -0.47
(negligible )
P-7 205 1000 4.56 40.25 8.83 4.53
Σ 1.11 20.18
Final Solution
300m
Elev.
10
15m3/min 5m3/min Q
P-2 P-5 Pipe M3/min.
250m elev.
3.71 5.47 P-1 -11.29
++ ++ P-2 3.71
P-1 11.29 + 4.18 P-4 4.53 P-7 P-3 -6.29
LOOp+1 LOOP 2 P-4 -4.19
5m3/min+ 10m3/min 5m3/min P-5 -5.47
+
6.29 0.47 P-6 -0.47
P-3 P-6
P-7 4.53
Head Loss in
o Pipe P – 8 [Q = 10m3/min]
o Pipe P – 5 [Q = 5.47m3/min]
1 1
Q 0.54 5.47 0.54
h f L 2.63
2000 * 2.63
17.67m
0.278CD 60 * 0.278 *100 * 0.3
o Pressure on point C
o Pressure on point B [Assume that all pipe junctions are on the same elevation]
PB PC h f P5 45.95 17.67 28.28m
o Pressure on point A
8 584 9 454 2.
The hourly water
9 568 10 302 demands of a certain
10 486 11 266 community on the day of
11 472 0 MN 212 maximum demand are
12 Noon 493
given in table 4.fire flow
requirement is 1360m3/hr for 6 hrs with 450m3/hr from the storage facility. The
emergency reserve to compensate for power failures and other operational problem is
assumed to be 25% of the total required storage. Calculate the total required storage if
pumping period lasts for (a)24 hours and (b) 8 hours from midnight to 8A.M.
Solution:
Col 6 = Col 9 =
col.1 col.2 col.3 col.4 col.5 (col 5-col3) col.7 col.8 (col 8-col3)
0 Midnight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 A.M 197 197 423.54 423.54 226.54 1270.63 1270.625 1073.625
2 197 394 423.54 847.08 453.08 1270.63 2541.25 2147.25
3 136 530 423.54 1270.62 740.62 1270.63 3811.875 3281.875
4 144 674 423.54 1694.16 1020.16 1270.63 5082.5 4408.5
5 227 901 423.54 2117.7 1216.7 1270.63 6353.125 5452.125
6 302 1203 423.54 2541.24 1338.24 1270.63 7623.75 6420.75
7 416 1619 423.54 2964.78 1345.78 1270.63 8894.375 7275.375
8 584 2203 423.54 3388.32 1185.32 1270.63 10165 7962
9 568 2771 423.54 3811.86 1040.86 0 10165 7394
10 486 3257 423.54 4235.4 978.4 0 10165 6908
11 472 3729 423.54 4658.94 929.94 0 10165 6436
12 Noon 493 4222 423.54 5082.48 860.48 0 10165 5943
1 P.M 484 4706 423.54 5506.02 800.02 0 10165 5459
2 493 5199 423.54 5929.56 730.56 0 10165 4966
3 529 5728 423.54 6353.1 625.1 0 10165 4437
4 522 6250 423.54 6776.64 526.64 0 10165 3915
5 622 6872 423.54 7200.18 328.18 0 10165 3293
6 697 7569 423.54 7623.72 54.72 0 10165 2596
10165
Pumpingrate 1270.625m 3 per1hr
8
Storagerequired 7962m3
Emergencyr equ. 0.25 * 7962m3 / hr 1990.5m3
= 12,652.5 m3
3. A small town with a design population of 1600 is to be supplied water at 150liters per
capita per day. The demand of water during different periods is given in the following
table:
Time(hr) Row 1 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24
Demand(1000liters) Row 2 20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25
Cum.Demand(1000liters) Row 3 20 45 75 125 160 190 215 240
Pumping rate(1000liters) Row 4 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Cum.Pumping rate(1000liters) Row 5 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Row 6=
R(5)-R(3) 10 15 15 -5 -10 -10 -5 0
4. Find the flow distribution in the gravity supply system through the following pipe network
shown below. use Hazen-Williams formula(c=100).if the pressure at point A is
490.5Kpa.find the pressure at points B and C.assume all pipe junctions are at the same
elevation.
250 l/s
F 2000m A 2000m
45 l/s 250mm 250mm B
45 l/s
2000m 2000m C
E 150mm D 100mm
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s
250 l/s
Loop 1 Loop 2
10 10 C
E 150mm,2000m D 100mm,2000m
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s
First trial
Third trial
Fourth trial
Final Solution
250 l/s
11.79 5.40 C
E 150mm,2000m D 100mm,2000m
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s
o Pressure on point B [Given that all pipe junctions are on the same elevation]
490.5
PB PA h f AB 33.40 16.6m 16.6 * 9.81 162.85Kpa Ans
9.81
o Pressure on point C
PUMP
5. Water has to be supplied to a town having 100000 populations at the rate of 150l/c/d
from a treatment plant 2000m away. the difference in elevation between the lowest
water level in the clear well and the distribution reservoir is 36m.if the demand has to be
supplied in 8 hours, determine the size of the main and the brake horse power of the
pump required.asssume C = 120,design velocity=2.4m/s and pump efficiency =
80%.Neglect minor losses.
Required: The size of the main and the brake horse power of the pump
Maximum day factor and peak hour factor are 1.20 and 1.70 respectively for the
population greater than 50,000
15,000,000
QDayavg 100,000 *150 15,000,000l / d 15,000m 3 / day
1000
18,000
QDaymax 15,000 *1.20 18,000m 3 / day 0.2083m 3 / sec
86,400
25,500
Q peakhr 15,000 *1.70 25,500m 3 / day 0.295m 3 / sec
86,400
o Size of main
d 2
QDay max VA V *
4
4Q 4 * 0.2083
d 0.3324m 33.24cm
V 2.4 *
1 1
Q 0.54 0.295 0.54
h f L 2.63
2000 * 2.63
67.32m
0.278CD 0.278 *120 * 0.3324
Required: The water power and motor power and Monthly cost of operation If the efficiency
of an electric motor =85%, cost of electricity =20cents per KWh, daily Flow =750m3
Solution:
o Water Power
1.1 360
Waterpower WHP Q * TDH * specificgr avity * *10 0.6728KW
60 9.81
o Motor power
WHP 0.6728
Motorpower BHP 1.3192 KW
0.6 * 0.85
7. Water from an obstruction well in a confined aquifer is pumped to the ground level by a
submerged borehole pump; an in-line booster pump delivers the water to a reservoir,
with the level 20m above ground level at the well site. the system’s pipe work has the
following characteristics:
System Characteristics
Discharge(L/s) 20 30 40 50 60
Head loss (m) 1.38 3.14 5.54 8.56 12.21
Pump discharge(L/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Bore hole pump head (m) 10.0 9.6 8.7 7.4 5.6
Booster pump head (m) 22.0 21.5 20.4 19.0 17.4
Aquifer and well data are as follows: the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer,K =
50m per day; the aquifer thickness=20m;the radius of the well,rW = 0.15m.
A pumping test suggested that the drawdown was 3m when the abstraction rate was
30L/s.the water table is 2m below ground level. The draw down is as follows:
Q R
ZW ln O
2kb rW
Where q is the abstraction rate in m3 per day, and RO is the radius of influence of the
well, which may be assumed to be linearly related to the abstraction.
Determine the maximum discharge which the combined pumps would deliver to the
reservoir.
Given: K= 50m/day = 50/ (24*60*60) = 57.87 x 10-5m/sec, b =20m, r W=0.15m, drawdown =3m,
Required:MaximumDischarge
Solution:
R Z 2kb
ln O W
rW Q
R O 3 * 2 * * 57.87 * 10 5 * 20
ln
0.15 0.03
R
ln O 7.272205217
0.15
R O e 7.272205217 0.15
R O 215.96m 216m
Q RO
20L/s x?
Discharge(L/s) (1) 20 30 40 50 60
Head loss (m) (2) 1.38 3.14 5.54 8.56 12.21
RO (m) (3) 144 216 288 360 432
Q R
ZW ln O
2 kb rW
ZW(m) (4) 1.89 3 4.16 5.35 6.57
Since Bore hole pump and Booster pump connected in series, thus
Total Head = Bore hole pump head (m) + Booster pump head (m)
Pump Head
Pump discharge(L/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Total Head=bore hole +
booster(m) 32.0 31.1 29.1 26.4 23.0
System Head
Discharge(L/s) 20 30 40 50 60
Total Head (m) 25.27 28.14 31.7 35.91 40.78
The maximum discharge which the combined pumps would deliver to the reservoir is
36 L/s
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
Head,H (m)
25.0
20.0
15.0
Pump head
5.0
0.0
Qmax=36 L/s
20 30 40 50 60
Discharge,Q (L/s)
8. Find the flow in each pipe line and the pressure at node JI for the system shown in Fig.
P-6.
P2 Q=21.2 l/sec
P
P1
31.8m H[m]=68.58 - 639.66Q1.5; Q[ m3/s]
RA
Solution:
1.85 1.85
10.68L Q 10.68 * 67.1 Q
hLS 4.866 * 8.19Q1.85
D C 0.406 4.866 120
Since TDH and the head delivered by the pump has to be the same
Discharge in pipe P1
0.54 0.54
hf 0.0317
Q 0.278CD 0.278 *120 * 0.406 0.04986m 3 / sec 49.86l / sec
2.63 2.63
L 67.1
L 67.1
Discharge in pipe P3
0.54
hf Q
Q 0.278CD 2.63
L 1000
0.54
0.5804 21.2
Q 0.278 *120 * 0.305 0.02869m / sec 28.69l / sec
2.63 3
304.8 1000
Residential = 120L/resident/day
Commercial = 16200L/hec/day
a) The average daily flow (ADF) from residential and commercial area.
b) The peak design flow(PDF)for a sewer serving this area taking peaking factor of 4
c) The diameter of the sewer for the above PDF if the ground slope is 1
Aresidential=26ha, with an average of 8dwellings units per hectare with 4 residents each
Solution:
b) PDF = PF*ADF +allowance = 4*423.84 + 9*54 =2181.36 m3/day = 0.02525 m3/sec =1.515 m3/min
With d/D =65% = 0.65, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 110% = 1.1
2. Using the rational method, compute the design flow and required pipe diameter for the
outfall sewer shown in the figure for a 5-year storm. Take i = 1500/ (t+15) where t is in
min. and i in mm/hr for 5-year return period rainfall intensity. Take travel time of 5min
between the inlets and ground slope of 0.5%.
A =A1 + A2 = 4 + 3 =7ha
C A 0.6 * 3 0.5 * 4
i i
C
i 1
n
0.543
A
7
i
i 1
1500
i 57.69mm / hr
11 15
CiA 0.543 * 57.69 * 7
Q 0.609m 3 / sec 36.55m 3 / min
360 360
I read D =685mm take standard diameter of 700mm,but to have a capacity of 1.515 m3/min
,the slope has to be steepest i.e. s =0.0041
Therefore select larger diameter D = 700mm at s =0.004, Qf =40 m3/min and Vf = 1.71m/sec
With d/D =74.6% = 0.746, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 112.5% = 1.125
3. Design the two sewer reaches shown below in figure 2.the design flow for reach 1 is
40L/s and for reach 2 it is 80L/s. use a minimum cover of 2m.sketch a profile of the street
and sewer.
Solution:
Reach 1
Q = 40l/sec = 2.4m3/min S = (350 - 347.87)/80 = 0.026625
I read D =179mm take standard diameter of 200mm,but to have a capacity of 2.4 m3/min
,the slope has to be gentle i.e. s =0.0135
Therefore select larger diameter D = 700mm at s =0.004, Qf =40 m3/min and Vf = 1.71m/sec
Enter the monograph with s = 0.0275 and D = 200mm Qf =3.65m3/min and Vf = 1.80m/sec
With q/ Qf =2.4/3.65 = 65.75%, From partial flow diagram, d/D =58.5% = 0.585
Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 20
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments
With d/D =58.5% = 0.585, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 106.5% = 1.065
Invert Elevation
Manhole 1
Manhole 1
Reach 2
Q = 80l/sec = 4.8m3/min S = (347.87 - 347.00)/100 = 0.0087
Therefore, to get min cover =2m and to resolve problem of sedimentation use D=450mm and S =0.008
Enter the monograph with s = 0.0275 m3/min and D = 450mm Qf =15m3/min and Vf = 1.62m/sec
With q/ Qf =4.8/15 = 32%, From partial flow diagram, d/D =40% = 0.4
With d/D =40% = 0.4, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 90% = 0.90
Invert Elevation
Since, size of pipe of reach 1 and reach 2 are different.Therefore, the crown of reach 1 should
be at the same elevation with the pipe crown elevation of reach 2.
Crown elev.at reach 1 pipe = invert Elev.of reach 1 pipe + pipe diameter
Manhole 2
Manhole 3
Check min.cover = Ground elev.at MH3 – crown Elev.at MH3 347 – (344.55+0.45) =2m OK!
MH2 GroundElev.=347.87m
D=200mm
s= 0.0275
Invert elev.= 347.8m Crown Elev.=345.8m
4. Given: 100 person per hectare, Sewage contribution per capita = 375L/d,
Solution: refer figure on the question paper for manhole locations, area and street elevations data
Assumptions
Remarks:
o The pipe sizes which I read it from the monograph (column 7, Table 4- 2) are modified to
the next largest standard pipe size or to a size that accommodates the design flow at a
desired depth. These selected sizes are entered in column 9 of Table 4- 2.
o Note that: For the range of pipe sizes encountered in this problem, a desirable depth of
flow is normally from about half to three-fourths full. Many of the 200mm.minimum
diameter pipes, because of the low flows carried, have the design flow depth that are
less than half the maximum depth. this can not be avoided and does not create a
problem as long as cleansing velocities are maintained (all velocities are greater than
0.6m/sec)
Required: Design a storm drainage system to carry flows from the eight inlet area given in the fig.4
Assumptions
Remarks:
o Beginning at the upstream end of the system, compute the discharge to be carried by
each successive length of pipe, moving downstream. These calculations are
summarized in Table 5-2.
o Note that: at each point down stream where a new flow is introduced, a new time of
concentration must be determined as well as new values of c and drainage area size.
As the upstream inlet areas are combined to produce a larger tributary area at some
design point, a revised C values representing these combined areas must be obtained.
For example, in the computation of the flow to be carried by the pipe from M-9 to M-8, the
tributary area is A + B + c = 6.46ha, and the composite value of C will be
C
Ca i i
0.37 *1.93 0.42 *1.34 0.38 * 3.19
0.38
a i 6.46
o At the design location the value of tC will be equal to the inlet time at I-8 plus the pipe
flow time from I-8 to M-9(see table 5-2).
o Using the computed discharge values, select tentative pipe sizes(from Manning
Monograph) for the approximate slopes given in column 8 of Table 5-2.Once the pipe
sizes are known, the flow velocities between input locations can be
determined.Normally,these velocities are approximated by computing the full-flow
velocities for maximum discharge at the specified grade.
o These velocities are then used to compute channel flow time for estimating the time of
concentration by using the formula
S
tf
V * 60