Water supply & Urban Drainage

Assignment 3 Collection and distribution

1. For the distribution network shown below determine the flow in each pipe and the pressure at A.

300m Pipe Diam., mm Length, m

3
15m /min
3
5m /min Elev. P-1 355 1000
P-2 405 2000
P-2 B P-5 P-8 P-3 305 2000
250 m elev. P-4 205 1000
P-5 405 2000
P-1 P-4 P-7 P-6 205 2000
P-7 205 1000
P-8 300 150
5m3/min 10m3/min 5m3/min
A
P-3 P-6
2. The hourly water demands of a certain community on the day of maximum demand are given in table 4.
Fire flow requirement is 1360 m3/hr for 6 hrs with 450m3/hr from the storage facility. The emergency
reserve to compensate for power failures and other operational problems is assumed to be 25% of the
total required storage. Calculate the total required storage if pumping period lasts for (a) 24 hours and (b) 8
hours from midnight to 8 A.M.

Time Demand, m3/hr Time Demand, m3/hr

0 Midnight 0 1 P.M. 484
1 A.M 197 2 493
2 197 3 529
3 136 4 522
4 144 5 622
5 227 6 697
6 302 7 756
7 416 8 606
8 584 9 454
9 568 10 302
10 486 11 266
11 472 0 MN 212
12 Noon 493

3. A small town with a design population of 1600 is to be supplied water at 150 liters per
capita per day. The demand of water during different periods is given in the following
table:

Time (hr) 0-3 3-6 6-9 9 -12 12 - 15 15 18 18 -21 21 24

Demand(1000liters) 20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25

a. Determine the capacity of a service reservoir if pumping is done 24 hours at

constant rate.
b. Eight hours from 8 hrs to 16 hrs
c. Eight hrs from 4 hrs to 8 hrs and again 16 hours to 20 hrs.

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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
4. Find the flow distribution in the gravity supply system through the following pipe
network shown below. Use Hazen – Williams formula (C= 100). If the pressure at point
A is 490.5 KPa, find the pressures at points B & C. Assume all pipe junctions are at the
same elevation.

250l/s

F 2000m A 2000m
250mm 250mm 45l/s B
45 l/s

1000m
1000m 200mm
250mm
200mm

2000m 2000m
150mm D 100mm C
E
80 l/s 40l/s
40 l/s

Pumps

5. Water has to be supplied to a town having 100,000 populations at the rate of 150l/c/d
from a treatment plant 2000 m away. The difference in elevation between the lowest
water level in the clear well and the distribution reservoir is 36 m. if the demand has to be
supplied in 8 hours, determine the size of the main and the brake horse power of the pump
required. Assume C = 120, design velocity = 2.4 m/s and pump efficiency = 80%. Neglect
minor losses.
6. A centrifugal pump is to operate against a total head of 360 kPa and is to discharge 1.1
m3/min. compute the water power and motor power assuming an efficiency of 60%. If the
efficiency of an electric motor is 85% and the cost of electricity is 20 cents per kWh,
compute the monthly cost of operation if the daily flow is 750m3.
7. Water from an abstraction well in a confined aquifer is pumped to the ground level by a
submerged borehole pump; an in-line booster pump delivers the water to a reservoir,
with the level 20 m above ground level at the well site. The system’s pipe work has the
following characteristics:
System characteristics
Discharge (L/s) 20 30 40 50 60
Head loss (m) 1.38 3.14 5.54 8.56 12.21
Pump discharge (L/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Bore hole pump head (m) 10.0 9.6 8.7 7.4 5.6
Booster pump head (m) 22.0 21.5 20.4 19.0 17.4

Aquifer and well data are as follows: the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer, K = 50
m per day; the aquifer thickness, b = 20 m; the radius of the well, rw = 0.15 m.

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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
 A pumping test suggested that the drawdown was 3m when the abstraction rate was 30
L/s. the water table is 2 m below ground level. the drawdown is as follows:
Q
Zw = ln(Ro / rw )
2π Kb
Where Q is the abstraction rate in m3 per day, and Ro is the radius of influence of the well,
which may be assumed to be linearly related to the abstraction.
Determine the maximum discharge which the combined pumps would deliver to the
reservoir.
8. Two identical pumps are installed in a pumping station. One of them is mainly used as a
standby, but due to increased future flow requirements it is proposed to bring this also
into continuous operation. The following are the pump–pipeline characteristics:
Pump characteristics:
Discharge (l/s) 0 20 40 60
Head (m) 50 45 33 19
Efficiency (%) - 65 69 40
System characteristics
Head losses (m) - 1.0 4.0 10.9

The Static head is 20 m.

a. Determine the present maximum flow.
b. Investigate the relative suitability of arranging the two pumps in series and in parallel
to provide the increased flow. Justify your choice of arrangement.
9. Find the flow in each pipe line and the pressure at node J1 for the system shown in Fig. P-
6.
Pipe Leng, m Diam, mm C
P1 67.1 406 120 91.4 m
P2 670.6 305 120 P3 RB
P3 304.8 305 120 J1
Elev. 45.7m
P2
P
P1 Q = 21.2 l/s
31.8 m
RA
H [m] = 68.58 – 639.66Q1.5; Q [m3/s]
Fig.P-6

Spreadsheet Problems
1. Design a spreadsheet that will determine an optimum diameter for a branched pipe
network and residual pressure at each node.
2. Design a spreadsheet that will calculate discharge, head loss and residual pressure for
a looped network using the hardy-cross method. Demonstrate your program at least on
two loops.

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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage