UNSW Sydney

TERM 2 2019 EXAMINATIONS

CVEN4301: ADVANCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

1. TIME ALLOWED – 2 hours

2. READING TIME – 10 minutes

3. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER HAS 3 PAGES

4. TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS – 2

5. TOTAL MARKS AVAILABLE – 100

6. MARKS AVAILABLE FOR EACH QUESTION ARE SHOWN IN THE EXAMINATION PAPER

7. ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN INK. EXCEPT WHERE THEY ARE EXPRESSLY REQUIRED, PENCILS MAY BE
USED ONLY FOR DRAWING, SKETCHING OR GRAPHICAL WORK

8. THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY CANDIDATE

9. CANDIDATES MAY BRING TO THE EXAMINATION any written/printed materials including textbooks,
Australian standards, solved examples, lecture notes etc.

10. THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS WILL BE PROVIDED

two 8‐page examination booklet,

ANY CALCULATOR INCLUDING THE PROGRAMABLE CALCULATORS AND THE ONES WITH ALPHA KEYS ARE
PERMITTED.

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Q1- Use the middle tier approach of deflection control to determine the maximum short-term
and long-term deflection of the reinforced concrete slabs shown in Figure-1. The slab thickness
is 150 mm (constant) over the entire floor. (50 marks)

The floor is part of an office building with Live load (imposed action) per unit area of Q= 3 kPa.
Apart from the self-weight of the structure, assume that the equivalent permanent action (Dead
load) per unit area of the floor due to permanent partitions and finishes is 1.0 kPa. All
reinforcing steel bars are Class N with an elastic modulus of Es= 200 GPa. The characteristic
compressive strength of concrete is fc  20 MPa and weight per unit volume of concrete is

c= 24 kN/m3. Assume that the slab will be reinforced with two layers of N10@150 mm
orthogonal reinforcing steel mesh with a clear cover of 25 mm for the outermost layers of top
and bottom reinforcement (placed in the x direction). The two orthogonal (i.e. top and bottom)
reinforcing steel mesh are running continuously across the entire floor. Note: Calculate kcs.
Take final shrinkage strain  cs  600 10 . Treat the slab strips in the x (short) direction as
* 6

simply supported and take the bending moment at the mid-span of the slab strips in the x (short)
w lef2 , x
direction = (see Figure-1), where w is the load per unit length of the strip and lef , x is the
8
effective span length in x direction. Note: No negative bending moments at the supports (edge
beam).

Figure - 1 Layout and cross section of the reinforced concrete slab supported on beams.

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Q2- For the pad footing shown in Figure–2,
- Determine the minimum width w of the footing. The length of the footing is 1.2w. (15 marks)
- Determine thickness t of the footing based on only punching shear design requirements. Note:
effect of soil reaction on the punching shear must be considered. No shear head in the footing.
(15 marks)
- Determine the total number of N20 bottom flexural reinforcement in x direction. The pad
footing is supporting a column of an office building. (20 marks)
Assume that the allowable bearing capacity of the soil is qa= 1000 kPa. The axial compressive
force and uniaxial bending moment (about y axis) at the base of the column under nominal
Permanent action (Dead load), Imposed action (Live load) and Wind load are provided in Table
– 1. Ignore self-weight of the footing in both service and ultimate limit state design condition.
All reinforcing steel bars are Class N (fy=500 MPa) with an elastic modulus of Es= 200 GPa.

The characteristic compressive strength of concrete is fc  25 MPa and weight per unit volume

of concrete is = 25 kN/m3. Moreover, assume that the footing will be reinforced with N20
bars with a clear cover of 70 mm for the main reinforcing steel bars in the x direction. The
column is 500 mm × 500 mm and located at the centre of the pad footing.

Axial compressive force (kN) Bending moment about y axis (kN.m)

Dead load 440 60
Live load 600 70
Wind load 0 80
Table - 1 Dead & Live loads in the column at centroid of the pad footing.

Note: Please see clause 4.2 in AS1170.0 for combination of actions, i.e. Dead (Permanent),
Live (Imposed) and Wind.

Figure - 2 Geometric outline of the footing.

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Solution to Q1:

office building  s  0.7 ,  l  0.4 : AS1170.0

effective span length in x direction Lnx  4150  400  3750 mm

Lef , x  Min ( Lnx  D, L )  3900 mm

Lny  6100  400  5700 mm & Lef , y  5850 mm

Lef , y 5850
  1.5 , The far right end bay is the most critical.
Lef , x 3900

From Table 9.4.4.2, AS3600-2018 (case-8)    2.5

5.854
k  0.67
2.5  3.94  5.854

G  0.15  24  1.0  4.6 kPa , Q  3 kPa

wg  k b G  0.67  1.0  4.6  3.1 kN/m

wq  k b Q  0.67  1.0  3.0  2.0 kN/m

Short-term service load: ws  wg   s wq  4.5 kN/m

Long-term service load: wl  wg   l wq  3.9 kN/m

1000 
Ast   80  530 mm 2 /m 
150  Ast
  pw   0.0044
db b d
d  150   25  120 mm 
2 

2.5 pw  0.8 pw 2.5  0.0044  0.8  0.0044

 cs  Es  cs*   2  105  600 106
1  50 pw 1  50  0.0044

  cs  0.74 MPa

1 I
Ig  bD3  2.81108 mm 4 , Z  g  3.75 106 mm3
12 D/2

f ct , f  0.6 f c  2.7 MPa , M cr  Z ( f ct , f   cs )  7.3 kNm

Es
Table 3.1.2: Ec  24 GPa and n   8.33
Ec

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Modular ratio method: k  ( np ) 2  2np  np  0.237
8.6 kNm
3
b(kd )
I cr   nAst (d  kd ) 2  4.47 107 mm 4
3

ws lef2 , x
short-term service bending moment: M  *
s
8 B.M.D
short-term service load
4.5  3.92
M s*   8.6 kNm
8

4.47 107
I ef  2
 1.13 108 mm 4  I ef ,max  0.6Ig , O.K.
 4.47  7.3 
1  1   
 28.1  8.6 

Note: Since pw  0.0044  0.5%  I ef ,max  0.6Ig

Short term deflection  s :

5 ws lef4 , x 5  4.5  39004

s    5.0 mm
384 Ec I ef 384  24000  1.13 108

Long-term deflection  l :

Asc
kcs  2  1.2  2  1.2  0.8
Ast

 wl 
 sus   s    4.33
 ws 

 l  kcs  sus  0.8  4.33  3.5 mm   l  3.5 mm

Total deflection  total   s   l  8.5 mm

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Solution to Q2:

Determine dimensions of the footing for service condition, i.e. G  Q  W , G  W

 N  NG  NQ  NW  440  600  0  1040 kN


 M  M G  M Q  M W  60  70  80  210 kNm

M 1.2W N My
Assume e    0.2W and qmax  
N 6 A I

1.2W
210( )
1040 2
 qa  1000    W  1.25 m
W 1.2W 1 W (1.2W )3
12

W  1.25 m , L  1.2W  1.5 m

Also, check for G  W

 N  NG  NW  440 kN M L 0.32
  e  0.32 m   0.25
 M  M G  M W  140 kNm N 6 440 kN

1.25 1.29qmax
F y  0:
2
 440 kN  qmax  546 kPa  qa , O.K.

Determine thickness t based on punching shear ultimate limit state:

qmax
 N  1.2  440  1.5  600  1428 kN
*

1.2G  1.5Q  1.29 m

 M  1.2  60  1.5  70  177 kNm
*

Office 0.4
 N *  1.2  440  0.4  600  0  768 kN
1.2G  c Q  Wu 
 M  1.2  60  0.4  70  80  180 kNm
*

Also, the load combination 0.9G  Wu should be considered, but it’s less critical than other
combinations, 1.2G  1.5G is more critical than 1.2G  c Q  Wu

Stress on the soil (ultimate strength limit state):

N* 6M *
qmin,max  
W 1.2W W  (1.2W ) 2

1428 6 177
W  qmax    1424 kN/m
1.5 1.52

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 1428 6 177 N*
W  qmin    480 kN/m
1.5 1.52
M*
q1  1109.33  314.66dom
 
dom d om
 q2  794.67  314.66d om
2 2
q1  q2
Soil reaction: N soil  (c  dom )(c  dom )
2 1.25

 N soil  761.6 (0.5  d om ) 2

480 kN/m
Punching shear:

1424 kN/m
V *  N *  N soil  1428  761.6(0.5  d om ) 2 q1

f cv  0.34 f c  0.34 25  1.7 MPa  1700 kN/m 2

q2
No shear head: Vu 0  udom f cv

Vu 0  4(0.5  d om )d om  1700  3400d om  6800d om

2

V *  Vu 0  1428  761.6(0.5  d om ) 2  0.7  3400d om  6800d om

2


Min. required d om  270 mm Bending moment

critical section
t  220  db  clear cover  270  20  70  360 mm

 t  360 mm

Determine spacing of reinforcing bars:

1109.33 kN/m

0.5
M *   (1109.33  629.33 x ) x dx  165 kNm
1424 kN/m

Clause 8.1.3  2  0.85  0.0015 f c  0.8125

a
M *   M u   Cc (d  )  2 f c
2
 a
165 106  0.85  0.8125  25  1250a  270    a  30 mm a Cc
 2

F x  0 : C  T  0.8125  25 1250  30  Ast  500

Ast  1523 mm 2 Use 5N20 T  Ast f sy

Note: Max. spacing of bars & Min amount of reinforcement should be checked.

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