1 oQmranilane Co Mavocker. toate nyc pe , a i RE eee Soy Bade Tdemurtcaccor, and a SASSSAEAAL ON ‘ “SSL SOSSSAMAOH EA ES an_aewesonent oe — . [SoS NG _AkeCereuk Groans Sucte Meare Me }— SOQS OF Rar ticwrar Jrour snows Sw (rar a) Basic MES RUWWOMAAS GE SO assy CALI D+ at BAUS _DMINA Mave miata EXabced ng ot 9 URS | SAS SMM Velo aged Ou CugMesr lg proke hog 1 nad Le Ame marnase for wie AMe Crass iiea clon {S$ que: wk —s ay S- MOUIG We SI @ AVA Sngris MSE EASY Le wng Scanned with CamScannerAuposes 0; sdf classification s- 2 When_o_so1_is classified as__per_ some stondord closscoin E System _itS behaviour «ond properties can _be esfimoted based lon the experince gained yom _similoy soils elsewhere: _ 7 | Te__provides - a common language bet engineors doaltng with Soil6. : i “4 a =r is useyul. in exchange 0, injormation. q_a__soil_hos ven Classiyed as sw according to urigied sci) classifi cation system, the engineer any where would _knous that the_goil js wall- graded sond- Tt Scanned with CamScanner‘Feld ‘Sdentiyicatfon of sdil 8 _ NC According 40 consistency 8 ¢ Wey Scanned with CamScannerConsistent fiedd__inspection _ |_Consistengy | 1 ver hard — ). Very sthpy = ate joe Lin _pogous 9)|, SEpY Ided in finger, sae pan be_senid en B98 by Sy ress ure a 2) soe ~> €asily moulded _in grgers. 5) ey cot = Excludes bel" the fingers when Squeezed in ue fist. | Gravel Verses Sand. | Gravel [4.35 to 75 mm) | Sand (0-035 mm_to 475mm) >I the percentage ~ of gravel 75 moro than the percentage of Sond thon the soil is known ‘a8. gravel atnerwise sand. M%__more thon _50/- porticle _setoin on “435 mm__sieve, soil is grovel __olee sand. : Sand verses sil3:_silt'/.0.002 -0.075) — =| Te_is_diyfioult ty distinguish _ per _tine_sand ‘and_ silt. G2. look ike dust but 6ilt looks Slightly darker. thon _sond ~Z||They con be distinguish by dispersance test: Pispesence a i oO { Tils_test ras teh estnation a4 sord 5k __|| Gilt. Small nia aed” cll he __ particles ke ea 7 ane nd the time I Scanned with CamScannerrequiCed ov cettling o porticle io noled down. | $ord particle settle within 30.5ec6 jo! (0.cm_ depth oy wotes | column: : ‘ : 7 | 2), Silt particle - take longer time 04 about 305¢C In 240 nhnvtes. g)| cloy particle may vemain in suspension (or _hovts ip day. Gilt verses -clays- 4 : Tis _diticult to distinguish silt and clay by visual examination so a microscopic exomination is Tequised- Some simple __4est__which con oirly distinguish ‘shem ore & | visual examinotion | wet_ond monipuloted shength Test ‘Thread Tost : Dilotoncy Test Dry strong Test J J Toughness Test ,¢ visual exanfination’- Th should pe costed out with” respect to size, angulovity and gradin characteristic. Le 2) wet “and “mori pulated + strength Test s- = Small quantity. of wet: soil is taken in hand ond the experi ment: is carried out “by holding — the Soil in botw sen ___ Angers» \ . ___—_—$ moisture comes out’ .opter’ squeezing . wet” gingers 6 iS soopy tO touch -* silty soil. = bet , a Scanned with CamScannerSs rae MIRE oy roughness _oceurs —= sandy sail 4: er and dries slowly — Clay |= sifeks to ging * _aries _ 5 iokly and con dust , |) > J _stieks to ‘ager ond dries gust Aust ob avin I ut aston — Sie | 29. — jm tent) og specimen 75 taken and moist _7h ppg, | and_ig rolled on a smooth _giass plate io “obout 3ay,, |dtometer [Plostic. innit test)- 2 crock doesnt occur, knoed iy _giil_ond oll _agoin. until the moisture of Soil reduces py _deying- during rmoriipulo tion to ploetic. limit, — which is cata _by cumbling that occurs: during Tolling. Characteristics oy | thread opprouching plostic limit ojjers means of _idontxicat i: cils- Floste , clays can be easly rolled and ils _ psi is easily sbimeo %__s0il__contoins much silt je rolled or Tolling becomes OPgyicult. it connot 1 Blalany Test 3- eH r 6 _te6; i6t in. -jdentiry; a a | a tne iti yig joes Charocteristies 4. ; : eve. no. sil Sie 208 2m ig 0-40 are removed § o ball fepated. J___|addes ty mote soi stg MtPett Enough wate is : the palm 0 on not sticky. par is Placed 0 — hand ‘si gate § tng vga sree iil Ton sunoce on Has5y Opprance oF ona a wal a ON _Sunoce oy , og —S| a pearance of w t i __ Scanned with CamScanner| _ | Then the ample is _squeexed bet” whe fingers, the water se disappear jrom tie _surzace and we__ pod Stigghen- ed apd __ginally cracks lt most distinet reaction -- Sond _ _| moderate rx" »Fn _orgonio-v gilt oe NO qeaction —» Plastic cloy Scanned with CamScannerSait Crag Sscaruy Oy ayers Soi CVSS SO cosy SS an Sev andement QS _SGAs Maw ar ocereur Seow Ser sna ' |} aA x SCs YI re SMyWS Shien - Beira bemaaricine beat igh Ccmanacre ri SticH] ME maton SAS ELE LOL SBSECMT Ge As Sang S 7 MASSOCWUS CARS _ past sure gh Teewwag yl Sysren (ME) 7 SANA SOLl Cassy freays Sv CRY OA IRSY a rc Bole Mus Se & Sous crassttlearian ey Salon Sait SASS CSS DLR Cases) vie ' eNoc yg £8 Zh | AAST MO Say eaasnsbrtaagen suse / Scanned with CamScannerMIT System of Classification MIT system of classification of soil was developed by Prof. G. Gilboy at Massachusetts Institute of technology in USA. In this system, the soil is divided into four groups: . i) Gravel; particle size greater than 2 mm. ii) Sand; particle size between 0.06 mm to 2mm. iii) Silt; particle size between 0.002 mm to 0.06 mm. iv) Clay; particle size smaller than 0.002 mm (2). Silt. Sand F M c F M [oc 0.002 * 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.6 2mm Legend: F = Fine, M = Medium; C = Coarse Figure: MIT system Gravel Clay Scanned with CamScanner2. Textural Classification af Soil a. Triangular system of classification suggested by U.S. Bureau of Public Roads. bb. Texture refers to visual appearance of soil which refers to particle siz, shape and ‘gradation of particles. But inthis classification system we only look at particle size. First the given soil sample is sieved and the % of sand, silt and clay are determined. 4. Then % of sand, sit and clay are plotted along 3 sides of an equilateral triangle which is divided ino 10 zones. ©. The soil is classified according to zone in which it i £. This classification system is much suitable for describing coarse grained clay which properties are less dependent on particle size distribution. Soil Mechanics | Chapter 3 | | & Eg: 30% sand, 20% silt and 50% clay ~ Soil is clay 30% sand, 60% silt and 10% clay ~ Silty loam, 45% sand, 30% sill and 25% clay ~ Clay loam. ‘Ifthe soil contains significant amount of particles, gravel > 2mm, then a correction factor is needed since there soil is assumed to have no gravel fraction, Rxaorfler Sons Aah, TMS TT , Coys WU 4, Ce = 1-3) as well graded or poorly Poorly graded gravel (GP) - (Not meeting above criteria) ‘Well graded sand (SW) - (Cy > 6, Ce = 1-3) Poorly graded sand (SP) - (Not meeting above criteria) More than 12% fines They are designated as silty or clayey Silty Gravel (GM) - PI< 4 Clayey Gravel (GC) - PI >7 Silty Sand (SM) - Pl <4 Clayey Sand (SC) -PI>7 Scanned with CamScannerFor 5-12% of fines They are given dual symbol as: GM - GC (Between silty gravel and clayey gravel) SM — SC (Between silty sand and clayey sand) Fine Grained S They are further divided as: a) Soil of low plasticity (Wi, < 50%) b) Soil of high plasticity (W, > 50%) They are also classified as clayey and silty (or organic) according to their consistency limits. Consistency limits above A — line: Clayey Consistency limits below A — Silty or Organic Plestiecky Tadex Cp) FS ee Liquid Uns C22) os Fg? Maakerty Chart Cuseed The distinction between inorganic and organic soil is made by oven-drying. If on oven-drying liquid limit (WW,) decreases by 30% or more soil is organic otherwise silt (organic soils have dark color, high compressibility and permeability and presence of organic matter). Highly organic soils: Identified by visual examination (fibrous texture) and termed as Peat (Pe). Scanned with CamScannerAENE MO LOS ZY >S.wVe no NOS OUT, — SKevNe nO 1903 Qrotons Scanned with CamScanner=_Daqh pro ¥ da (oge OR war eA!eD Hew vresvard\ng £iA0 S40 a 29 E Ga -fa One 29 cus dso < (Cur aes, & ae QQ = Slane ver RT eS Scanned with CamScanner4, Indian Soil Classification System (IS) This system is adopted by BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) and is similar in many respects to USCS system. The basic difference is in classification of fine-grained soils. Classification of coarse-grained soil is same as in USCS. Fine Grained Soils Fine grained soils are first classified into 3 categories as low, medium and high compressibility, instead of two categories as low and high in USCS. So, there are total 18 groups. Plastic Deeley Tp C1 > ao fae Me sec ge ge Liquid Umb (wy > Scanned with CamScannera a) b) °) ad e) 8 AASHTO Soil Classification Federal highway administration developed this classification system mainly for road construction. System is based on both particle size and plasticity characteristics (Wz, Wr, Ie). Soil is classified into 8 groups. Ay — Az and Ag for peat or muck. System is based on group index given by: G.I. = 0.2a + 0.005ac +0.01bd a = % passing through 75y sieve between (35-75) expressed as positive whole no. between (0-40) b= % passing through 75p sieve between (15-55) expressed as positive whole no. between (0-40) c= Liquid limit value between (40-60) expressed as positive whole no. between (0-20) 4 = Plasticity Index value between (10-30) expressed as positive whole no. between (0-20) InGL. Calculation if any term is found to be negative, it is expressed as zero and G.I. value is rounded to nearest whole number. Classification is carried out by proceeding from left to right in table and the first soil for which criteria matches is reported to be soil classified and its GI value is written in brackets. Eg: A-2-6 (3). Generally, lesser values of GI are desirable for highway construction. GI = 0 very useful soil for highway construction. GI > 20 — unsuitable for highway construction GT= oa 4 6-00SAC + oror bd. = orn CEH2S) HOES CE BD CMW oo Ce-4s) (ay-10)- Scanned with CamScannerDownloaded From : www Easy Engineering net SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING oy (ot > Wd 2D 9—2—V 8 [08 9G COE—IDT] prnbrp wey ssid sf xopur Airroed Jf GA <1 2D Sev 8) 18 24 MoE —Har] pimbg) vey 952] 49 OF jeabo st xDpUY ANOLE JT 4 . “apes 20g 61 8d Peon er Wwalsax se Bunes pesusg (P) SeLaIew! WSR spos da6ey) sis Aas Purs pani Aakeyy 40 Anns Pers eet | pues pum jaan) ama yradis suaueay surg ge sols pense (2) sum Pua [xe or ] xem or | um tr | omar | sem or | aor | un XO y wept Aron (2) wa ty | sew oy | ome ty | xt oy | umm oy | mwor | ui yy | sew op pbry () wine | uwoc | wuoe | wmv | muse | maar | mas] wun | wor [oem | mea uty | arcs | sew oe Xow 0s usa | ssiqeay 94315 (0) rey cote | me | mew | ey why | ty vopeoyeveyy sv | oy sy | rv _ ev ° my I wey (news $200) 20 Iy QUE “ON Yurssod 9% sp wey auoyy rouaray horys mais UOPOYNTL OLHSVV "T'S 2081, Downloaded Fron www Easy Engineering net Scanned with CamScannerDownloaded From : www.Easy Engineering net SOIL. MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ‘Tuble 53. Unified Soil Classification System . G ical Major Division ‘Sane | _ ome Classification eriteria ayy | Wall graded [Cure : Course-Grained |Gravel (50% or |etean | OW Wels, ¥ lCemtto3s Seis. more of course | Grovels Poorly grpded cc (Move thon | froetion retained ap linen Be [Sy Mtg Bowker For 30% sets Jon No. 4 seve 2 [Aneta mis Tancep en No. 200 |(4.75 mm} on oe sieve (0075 GM |Sity gravels J | etow tne or | Lis in = tl B | plasticity index | hatched area mm) | Gravels QS [lessons |Ga—ce with fo: & [Auerberg Limits fines BE |eoove Aine Ge |Cayey gravets|—% oF E | and plasticity BS # | index greater 32g jie? cy | Wellegraded S25 la-e Sand [more than Jctean | SY |sangs Phy |c-10s 80% of coarse [Sands [TP Poxaly graded 3 8 g [Not mesting bain etn tor SP |ands 278 |sw » T 25 g | Aterberg Limis (495 ram)] siya i 12 Irclow Aline or SM | Silty san: g Be F |iastcity inder Sands EE 8 Flew tan # with © gE yy [Actos Unie fines BEES |ahave Astine Clayey sands | FY ES Jad plasticity | bseg index greater I | EET }ihan 7 L f i | Inorganic sis Fine grained | Sits and clays Liquid ML | of tow sails [40% 0 | Limit S0% or tess plasticity more passing I Thorganie é No. 200. sieve | ay | ay8 of tow (0075 mm) | CL bho mediam : | plasticity : i | ‘Organic silts OL {of low plastciey ‘See Plasticity Chart (Fig. 5.5) Silts and clays Liquid Mit Limit greater than 50% Inorganic CH | days of high plesiciry | Organic clays 2 OH [of medium of % | high plasticity i Peat, muck ard other : Highty organic Soils Pr |highty organic soits_| ~~ Downloaded From : Scanned with CamScannerField Identification Tests c a [a | or | om | | om on Oa | Toms |S | Oe Se | Sow | Row Noe » vou | | oe ora mapens Mesum [Taw | tie | edem | tow] low | ne] tere i men Eo (2) By sinagn | Sore | Motu [Low [tow | wacom | Lowi [tow | igs | oc 3 ies (din [etiow { totign | rmodiam | mediom | very tigh | bigs General Characteristics of Soils of Different Groups ‘The general characteristics of the scils of various groups as classified by ISCS and USCS are given in the table. The information given in the table should be considered as a rough guidance about the engineering properties of soil. For complete information, the tests should be conducted and the engineering properties need to be determined ‘Tuble £9. General Propeties of Sotts Nile Termeatitng Compress, Mew Serene Werketitoy nea ecto am neue ast pe fe | ote |, ‘tessa Sot oe | reviews Excellent Exccitert se | Pervious Good Fair m4 a Geet fair « = tow cont ini cio Glos & medium vio | sabre wes ee is moe ccige econ Ba te im |senipeniowsts | gh Paw poe rer Scanned with CamScannerDifferences between USCS and AASHTO System According to AASHTO system, a soil is termed as fine-grained if more than 35% passes No. 200 (0.075mm) sieve, whereas in the USC system, if more than 50% passes that sieve. In this respect, the AASHTO system is somewhat better because the soi) behaves as fine-grained when the percentage of fines is 35%, and the limit of 50% in USC system is somewhat higher. In AASHTO system, sieve No. 10 (2.0mm size) is used to divide the soil into gravel and sand, whereas in USC system, sieve No. 4 (4.75mm size) is used. In USC system, the gravelly and sandy soils are clearly separated, whereas in AASHTO system, clear demarcation is not done. The soil A-2 in the latter system contains a large variety of soils, Symbols used in USC system are more descriptive and are more easily remembered than those in AASHTO system. Organic soils are also classified as OL and OH and as peat (P) if highly organic in USCS. In AASHTO, there is no place for organic soils. USCS is more convenient to use than the AASHTO system. In the latter, the process of elimination is required which is time-consuming. ‘Table 5.4. Approximate Equivalence Between AASIITO and USC System AASHTO System I USC system (most probable) Ala GW, GP SW, SM, GM, SP GM, SM GM, SM. GC, SC GM, GC, SM, SC SP ML, OL, Mii, Olt Mil, O11, ML, OF cL ATS ‘OH, MH, CL, OL ATG Cil, CL, OH Scanned with CamScannerXene Mo OS 7 My Sieve no 4s wise DSSS nO KOS OOM, SLeNe NAO WIS Org tons Scanned with CamScannerSENG ana ses gf Sammie Saws Anal xhad Fpl OG RawdvAe _T agse S kvoush Sp seve Liq usa (mee CW 9) = Gr. and aK ANC Wat Culp\= 16-f + Crass tty tue so! ~ QSc - ott 21.G). Siece, Sa IL Vargcres. Soy) Passep AwvdaGh AS Seve, Sa Sar ¢ Mak Qughved ash ‘ H SoU Was WiSIp RAGS CACY, = @D Serco Ua Um Cwyals Grd > Sark Sache = wh> 1 Sescay wee x 9 Soil, Tas We- Tmo Gt- 282 3y~/ | | ossd TpCmiaStiicty of rudex| OF A -\we > SS ep 9.432 - 19) 2 Fy a 9+33C 61-29) Tp so: 6 gv APY ee S01 Sip g GUA = 1ine > SO, the Sot MSs Amove A= WME 1 Wenuce the, OV £5 Cray wie \ oo SS _—— r CCH Scanned with CamScanner_@) Sassvty ewe AQ Per USCS Scanned with CamScannerEY J Ne (0b Nig bi oh Lac® ES-[. GQ Sais Eaviessies Gases May Sys) {> Ss sRALQ Qine Gralwed Soy Qrece aud rmbe CU of Sotls Uda 6594 O Susy Wa io Prasycyey WASSLECCLAN Tdek GG Soll) Pes PI sag. EN . SGth MWS We Cou hse Wence AME Soh £ ertwer MUCSUA 9-2 (eh - Ses we a . ce Scanned with CamScannerAagey Sand EVE AME Lents Cred SQih tS Cavey SandceSsy. sq- a OVE AMM, TH UC ute tnt Lreasce. ey FCDA Mi Cais o& ides piasacety) is Sexe OuC BD orGanic SorL al taw PasKciy) ~~ Sowat vane oP 8 BSinNe Sash iss) t = Xr Cantenk Orda S Scanned with CamScannerFor a given soil, the following are known. Percentage passing No. 4 sieve = 70 Percentage passing No. 200 sieve = 30 Liquid limit = 33 Plastic limit = 12 : Classify the soil using the unified soil classificati A aoe ad and group name. ai ee Scanned with CamScannerThe percentage passing through No. 200 sieve is 30%, which is less than 50%. So, is a coarse grained soil. Thus, Coarse fraction = 100 — 30 = 70% : Gravel fraction = Percent retained on No. 4 sieve = 100 — 70 = 30% Hence, more than 50%.of the coarse fraction is passing No. 4 sieve. Thus, it is sandy soil. Since, more than 12% is passing No. 200 sieve, it is SM or SC. (see table of USCS) For this soil, PL. = 33-12 = 21; which i is greater than 7. With LL 33 and PI 21, it plots above the A-line in the figure. Thus, the group symbol is SC. Since, the percentage of gravel is more than 15%, it is clayey sand with gravel. Scanned with CamScannerSoil passing from 75p sieve = 4%, soil passing from 4.75 mm siev (coarse fraction) = curvature = 2.6 Soil passing from 75y sieve = 62%, liquid limit = = 23% 62%, coefficient of uniformity = 5, coefficient 54%, plastic li Scanned with CamScanneriii) Soil passing from 75p sieve = 39%, liquid limit = 33%, plastic limit = 28% Solution: i) i) The percentage of soil passing from 75,1 sieve is 4% which is less than 50%, so it is a coarse grained soil. The percentage passing through 4.75 mm sieve (coarse fraction) is 62%, which is greater than 50%, so it is gravel. Since, C, > 4 and C, lies between 1 to 3, itis well graded gravel G W.) The percentage of soil passing ftom 75p sieve is 62%, which is greater than 50%, so it is a fine grained soil. 7 Since, LL is 54% which is greater than 50%, so it is either MH, CH or OH. =LL-PL=54-23=31>7 Thus, it plots above A-line in plasticity chart. Note See plasticity chart and classification table. With LL = 54 and PL =.31, sol is CH i.e. inorganic clay of high plasticity. The percentage of soil, passing from 75p sieve which is greater than 50%, so it is a fine grained soil. Since, LL < 50%, so it is either ML, CL or OL PI=33-18=15 From plasticity chart, With LL = 33 and PI = 15, soil is CL ie,, inorganic clay of low to medium Plasticity. Scanned with CamScannerA soil sample is found,to have the following properties. Classify the so according to LS. classification system. Passing 75p sieve = 10% : Passing 4.75p sieve = 70% Uniformity coefficient = 8 Coefficient of curvature = 2.8 Plasticity index = 3 Scanned with CamScannerSince, more than 50% is retained on 75y sieve, the soil is coarse grained. Since, more than 50% passes through 4. 75h sieve, the soil is sandy (S). Further, C, > 6 and C, lies between 1 and 3. Therefore, it is well graded, si Ip <4, it is silty. Ey Soil classification is SW-SM. Scanned with CamScannerAsoil has the following characteristics: i) Percentage of soil passing No. 200 sieve = 55 : ii) Percentage of coarse fraction passing No. 4 sieve = 60 iii) Liquid limit = 68% iv) Plastic limit = 22% Classify the given soil according to ISSCS. Scanned with CamScannerThe percentage of soil passing through No. 200 sieve is 55% which is more than 50%; so, it is fine grained soil. Liquid limit of soil is 68% which is greater than 50%. Hence, it has high compressibility. With LL 68 and PL 22, it plots below A-line in plasticity chart. Thus, the group symbol is MH-OH. Scanned with CamScanner_A sample of soil was. tested in a 1 : ‘ i sbsawvitlons were rece a laboratory, and the following Liquid limit = 45% Plastic limit = 16% No. 10 (2mm) No. 200 (0.075 mm) 80 60 Classify the soil according to the AASHTO systém: Solution: Here, Plasticity index = 45 ~16 = 29% Referring the AASHTO classification table, and procéeding from the extreme left column to right, the first column in which the properties fit is A-7._ To ascertain whether the soil is A-7-5 or A-7-6, the value of (W,; — 30) is Tequired. In this case; =30= 45-30 =15% As Ip > (Wy — 30); the soil is A-7-6. Percentage passing 0.075 mm size is 60 mm (as given in question) F=60mm Group index (G.L) = 0.2a + 0.005ac + 0.01ba where, a= F —35 = 60-35 = 25 b=F-15=60-15=45, 50, take b = 40 (since b can have maximum value of 40) Percentage passing Scanned with CamScanner-c=W,-40 =45-40=5 d=Ip-10 = 29-10 =19 Group index (G.L) = 0.2 x 25 + 0.005 x 25 x 5 + 0.01 x 40 x 19 = 13.225 = 13 (say) Hence, the soil is classified as A-7-6. Scanned with CamScannerA sample of inorganic soil has the following grain size characteristics. Size Percent passing 0.075 (No. 200) 55 The liquid limit is 50% and plastic limit 40%, classify the soil accardi the AASHTO classification system. | “Solution: We know from AASHTO soil classification system, as more than 35% of soil passes through 0.075 mm sieve, it is fine grained soil. * Plasticity.index = W, — PL.= 50 — 40 = 10% : With W, = 50% and Ip = 10%, the soil belongs to group A-5. (Gee table of AASHTO system) Group index (G.I) = 0.2a + 0.005ac + 0. Olba where, a = 55 — 35 = 20 b=55-15=40 c=50-40=10 d=10-0=0 Group index (G.I) = 0.2 x 20 + 0.005 x 20 x 10 + 0.01 x 40 x0 =5 Hence, soil classification is A-5. Scanned with CamScanner& CX ase fy awe Sath AD Ree TSCSU “fp ; : = < eu Lee ared Ut wos woh i LBS Um 6 3 SU. 0 @) See Sap of ane Sot (Rewer ces Ca! 4 APPSSeS Awd 4g, SS ES NENG i Sg—Me_ Sat vs Pie Senet Sell Scanned with CamScannera > TAS SHY) dex Let ggliaips idl | | SKCCLEY Lader JO Am Wes Fes o- AX Wo-74 | i 7 D TRA aI MO-29) = Teal afr Zoe, SO Ake Sarr x So, Awe div Daywt WES Yecru A =t es I B)_SMce Lala UnteOw gl of Syste (ol Seer, 1 \ \areemedtat rLaSh’e Marin ; | oe | } | rece ‘ @ Were, UQie Ltic Sol, Ate adh dey igh Plerkety, Flom egh ok ULESSH- nk The AS che point sia bas Re sone, + Thamfere, YE Con be Gites MH or OK- Fh om oven Sang. (SBE Sree Seeeanes by Jer or wer teil Se ngate, coher utie atte Scanned with CamScanner2. The sieve analysis of a given sample of soil gave information that 65% of the particle pass through 7S-micron sieve. The following data has been obtained from liquid and plastic limit tests on the soil in the laboratory. [ Detaits [liquid Limit Test Data Plastic Limit | Mas: of container with wet 43.35 | 475 [ 45 [4495] 43.62 40.38 soil (e) [ar amerika so [406 43.61 | 41.87 | 415 41.94 38.85 () | Mass of container only, (@) [29.86 | 31.5 | 32.05 | 3051 33.1 30.9 | Number of blows (N) [3a J 27 | 23 7 Determine: ') Liquid limit, Plastic limit and flow index. ii) Classify the soil as per the Unified Soil Classification System, iN) Uquidity index ifthe natural water content of the soil is 30%. Saluki a cow levies my wl Ne centanor ene G Mo %. . mas of Corfonees Cg), am of na tq): wats Bg Sel) smo 4 ata bad 9G). wae 31. to32 Fee NH Le 296 tas es ee ee uasor aa 2 TA: S0: a ay B17 932 Beez 2 a. a2.0s: a cies BUS W959 99° IF 44 4s ‘ ost LL Seem graph: 22% Fer determination ef Plerkic. lima - . 5 ena] Content Mig Oy an nner (Men of Comfamts wit, tron ef Cont song, tran of Contents aban windy Sieg <3) a a4. 4ner. dau. hor pay 9 85. 6, gene 1927 . tes tory? seas. 1% eae UD Pleke Umit =194 926 togee, 2 Platieity Tadlers U- PL datas > eras 7 Tpe 12375]. the From Plontretty Chet for ures, for le -324. and Tp ' foil blaine uy CLe Soll Mechanics | Tutorial2 | Solution | Ag i Scanned with CamScannerNo-ef blowl Scanned with CamScannerUquidity Tndeys Wnat~ Wp look Tr > 0-7. otates. = Kloet: olesar a 4-6: Counrfenty Tadley Wir Wnat yloor Lvatines taken Fon graph + 9.0 Me Se 32-303 Lease 2s = 9-661 Scanned with CamScanner3. Two soils were tested for their consistency in the lab. The following data were obtained. Sella Soll No of blows (N)__| _WaterContent(%) | No ofblows(N)__|_Water content) g a 5 & 20 39 15 61 30 37 30 59 45 25 40 58 Water content at | 25% Water content at | 30% which soil crumbled which soil crumbled | of 3mm diameter. cof 3mm diameter. Natural Water | 40% Natural Water | 50% Content . Content Determine: i) Which soil has greater plasticity? ii) Which soil is more compressible in nature? iii) Classify the both soils as per IS Classification System, Sauron) For Sek Ae Fe sol G- Platte wits Jol Plage Umits 254. Uqua Gwik= sor Uquid Uesits 294 Plater) Tedeys UPL = 59-20 = 297 Pladey index =Tys LL Pe be-28. > a SoR © hed gre vee ng Plakchy Tex Soon tratentor of tee Comprembaty of ath Te ha, Siguid dete op a 2 Comprenseittty ef AL gtneratly Fnerenses wath they tntrinse % Bequtd Bek AR UL of BSA) > Wop (A SD Congrentuitity og Bas nme hen ~ Sok Chamifreatory : for sot B fe FR ~ Wwesol- Wwe tt paces ers wee Bion Plorkety Ceesty From Qlerkeity 1 ccw) - (C5) Scanned with CamScannersren fet | ep ag ee eg ot ge oom Scanned with CamScanner4. Asample of soll was tested in a laboratory, and the following observations were recorded. Liquid Limit = 45 % : Plastic Limit = 16% No.4 | No. 10(2.0 mm) | No. 40(0.425 mm) | No. 200 (0.075 mm) Percentage Passing | 100 oS 80 60 Cassy the sll acarding to AASHTO System, ‘Saudjon) eweuation of Cong Teck: Fe60- oe: = CF) fort gees COM] tor Cts) Carpeted = (rs) Tort oroer x SJ 4 ores n (40x (29-10) fe Tes LPL 2sel6 = 13-2. fay a? a28/: Grom we Wenge tawle ond preted dota, tee seth Lyte ented Reve C40 Scanned with CamScannerMechanical analysis on four different sample designated as A, B,C and D were carried out in a soil laboratory, The results of tests are given below. Hydrometer analysis was carried out on sample D. Soil is non-plastic. Sample D: Liquid Limit = 42, Plastic Limit = 24, Plasticity Index = 18 Classify the soil as per the Unified Classification System. Samples ASTM | A(%finer than) | B(%finerthan) | C D Sieve Designation : 63mm 100 3 20mm 64 76 63mm [39 00 65 ff 2.0 mm [aa 38 59 6004 Taz 30 34 212 is 3 a7 700) 3 it 2 34 95 20 23 69 4 46 7 3 Solution} Samthe 6 = Ow Cuath graded Great tush fre peak rome chen god ~ tara, tents { Senge BH -¢ Te os CDeenwk Seo hematin de 3) ~ Cas tes = Cwadston tone, Sak te ite Mgtmnef tend = Gm faule, See ach tmnbe Geattied of | SPe Sample ¢: = Gradetion Cewe, Deck A Maithee} Grek Send eh Bite? Gam) on wo obkerertiut Soh conde Comsbead is OC commak be ee type of PEL od Aue cay Gatton Ga nek emanate quently + Saumgle Dy i Ua Ge. Ls 24 From Plan city Ghost “he Teqton Heng 'CL'e Posse: Soil Mechanics | Tutorial 2 | Solution | AA Scanned with CamScannerSieve Sue | ¥finer | %finer | Hiner | s6finer 63 300, 3 20 64 76 63 39 300, 65 z 26 98 59 06 2 90 5a 0.212 5 2 a7 100, 0.063 1 34 95 0.02 2B oo (0.006, 4 46 (0.002) 7 31 ne vy wary? — oom om on 4 . CD wt sank tran Fa catesadion ud Somosle 0 Bro. Dew Sa. A OMe as AG Meo abe a ont 0-70: or ha. Aso: ays s wot wea te Homo Scanned with CamScanner