Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GOAL
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CONCEPTS,
ASPECTS &
CHANGES IN
CULTURE
AND SOCIETY
Major Elements of Culture
Lets Begin
Cultural Groups
Social Process
Different Societies
Cultural Trends
is an umbrella term which encompasses the social
behavior and norms found in human societies, as
well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws,
customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals
in these groups. - wikipedia
the arts and other manifestations of human
intellectual achievement regarded collectively. –
Culture
online dictionary
is the characteristics and knowledge of a
particular group of people, encompassing
language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music
and arts. ... The word "culture" derives from a
French term, which in turn derives from the Latin
"colere," which means to tend to the earth and
grow, or cultivation and nurture
Culture is made up of the values, beliefs,
underlying assumptions, attitudes, and
behaviors shared by a group of people.
What Makes Culture is the behavior that results when a
Up Your Culture? group arrives at a set of—generally
unspoken and unwritten—rules for how
they will work together.
Major Elements of Culture
language Bikol
Cebuano
Hiligaynon (Ilonggo),
Ilocano
Kapampangan
Pangasinan
Tagalog
Waray
• Norms are something that is usual, typical,
or standard.
They are most commonly defined as rules
or expectations that are socially enforced.
Gender-
Women should be caring and nurturing.
Men should do repairs at the house and be
Specific Norms the one to work and make money while
women are expected to take care of the
Include the housework and children.
following
Every society has expectations about how its members
What are the should and should not behave.
norms of
society? A norm is a guideline or an expectation for behavior.
Society
Civilization
a social unit of any size that shares
common values.
Communities range in size and scope
With a society changing as fast as the society found inside America, sociologist found it easiest to
predict changer based on three essential "social processes". These processes are the causes that
result in significant social change.
Discovery
Social Process:
Invention
Diffusion
"the process by which something is
learned or reinterpreted".
influences change by causing people to
learn new things which may change their
viewpoints, or change their routine to
better themselves based off of the new
information found through discovery.
is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing
the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant
cultural expectations.
Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who
share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of
such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often
exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.
Societies are social groups that differ according to subsistence strategies, the ways that humans use
technology to provide needs for themselves. Although humans have established many types of
societies throughout history, anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the
degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as
resources, prestige, or power. Virtually all societies have developed some degree of inequality
among their people through the process of social stratification, the division of members of a society
into levels with unequal wealth, prestige, or power. Sociologists place societies in three broad
categories: pre-industrial, industrial, and postindustrial.
Pre-Industrial
Types of • Horticultural
• Agricultural
Society
Industrial
Post Industrial
In a pre-industrial society, food
production, which is carried out
through the use of human and
animal labor, is the main economic
Pre Industrial activity.
These societies can be subdivided
according to their level of technology and
their method of producing food.
Hunting and Gathering
Pre
Pastoral
Industrial
Horticultural
Agricultural
The main form of food production in
such societies is the daily collection
of wild plants and the hunting of
wild animals.
Hunter-gatherers move around
Hunting constantly in search of food.
As a result, they do not build
permanent villages or create a wide
variety of artifacts, and usually only
form small groups such
as bands and tribes.
Pastoralism is a slightly more efficient form
of subsistence.
Rather than searching for food on a daily
basis, members of a pastoral society rely
on domesticated herd animals to meet
Pastoral their food needs.
Pastoralists live a nomadic life, moving
their herds from one pasture to another.
Because their food supply is far more
reliable, pastoral societies can support
larger populations.
Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots
that have been cleared from the jungle or forest
provide the main source of food in a
horticultural society.
These societies have a level of technology and
complexity similar to pastoral societies.
Some horticultural groups use the slash-and-
Horticultural burn method to raise crops.
The wild vegetation is cut and burned, and
ashes are used as fertilizers.
Horticulturists use human labor and simple
tools to cultivate the land for one or more
seasons. When the land becomes barren,
horticulturists clear a new plot and leave the old
plot to revert to its natural state.
Agrarian societies use
agricultural technological advances to
cultivate crops over a large area.
Sociologists use the phrase agricultural
revolution to refer to the technological
changes that occurred as long as 8,500
years ago that led to cultivating crops and
raising farm animals.
Examples of
society because a considerable portion of
its economy is tied to jobs that involve
Pre Industrial
mechanized labor, like factory farming or
auto-assembly plants, which involve a
Society
combination of machines and human
employees to produce consumer products.
.
In sociology, the post-industrial
society is the stage
Post Industrial of society's development when the
service sector generates more wealth than
the manufacturing sector of the economy.
1. A transition from the production of goods to the production of
services, with very few firms directly manufacturing any
goods.
2. The replacement of blue-collar manual labourers with
technical and professional workers—such as computer
engineers, doctors, and bankers—as the direct production of
goods is moved elsewhere.
3. The replacement of practical knowledge with theoretical
knowledge.
4. Greater attention being paid to the theoretical
An article by Chiqui Escareal-Go in the Philippine Daily Inquirer outlines some cultural trends that
might affect how Filipinos buy products.
Home
The absence of parents in a third of homes and the increasing role of schools in instilling values.
The social disorders associated with the increasing absence of parents in the lives of their children (drugs, child sex
abuse, teen pregnancy, among others).
The change in the boundaries and sequence of love, marriage, sex and family.
The rise in the number of single parents.
The trend towards late marriages and smaller families.
The upgraded role of music as surrogate companion.
The rise of “adultescents” (a play of the words adult and adolescent). They are also called the Peter Pan generation, or
the 30-something adults who are still single and without kids, mortgages and responsibilities.
The rise of stay-at-home “housebands” looking after children and house needs.
More men becoming purchase decision-makers of grocery products (the mansumers).
The increasing ratio of people 40 years old and above wanting to take control of their health.
Work
The desire to migrate and the rise of middle class among overseas Filipino workers (OFW).
The expanding number of call center workers and their odd working hours to conform to
working time abroad.
The vanishing breed known as house-helps.
The desire of senior citizens to have second careers.
Women
The increasing role of women in the workforce due to better education and social equality.
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC