Davao del Sur State College

Matti, Digos City,

` Sur, Philippines 8002
Davao del

NSTP 111 -
CWTS
MODULE 6
 LESSON 1
Urban and Rural Community
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
 Identify the difference between rural and urban area.
 Enumerate the several problems confronting urban and rural
communities.
 Appreciate the different aspects of a rural and urban community

Introduction:

Welcome to “New Normal” teaching and learning process. In this module, the students will
learn the differences between the rural and urban area in terms of their physical feature as well
as its daily living.

Activity!

Analyze the two pictures presented.

PICTURE A PICTURE B

Analysis!
1. What is your own idea of the two pictures presented ?
Abstraction!

Rural Community Life

The rural life is typically described as slow-paced and less stressful. Brinkerhoff et.al.
(2005) discuss the features and cultures of the rural or countryside life in the U.S. They give the
following impressions about the rural community:

1. Folks are less tolerant on social issues.

2. There is an emphasis on the importance of values of helping others, salvation and leisure.
3. Well-paying employment opportunities are less experienced.
4. Innovations and changes that originate in the city are diffused in the rural communities.
Palispis (2007) also characterizes the Philippine rural communities as follows:

1. There is a small population that fits primary group interaction.

2. Economic activities resolve around on agriculture, fishing and mining.
3. Mutual helpfulness and neighborliness are manifested in various situations and economic
activities of the community.
4. Relationships tend to be traditional yet meaningful, personal and intimate.
5. The bayanihan spirit remains part of the rural folks’ cultural structure.
Chester L. Hunt as cited in Pilispis, (2007) characterized the rural culture in the Philippines. He
mentioned that:

a. The Filipino folks ‘religiosity in intertwined with animistic beliefs. There is common
adherence to superstitious beliefs.
b. The presence of strong influence of religion among rural folks is manifested in their belief in
the power of the unknown and occurrences of miracles.
c. Prime importance is given by rural folks to fiestas or annual festivities which are not only
religious in nature but familial as well.
The rural community is characterized by what is known as gemeinschaft, an idea expanded by
Ferdinand Toennies. It exhibits a more personal and permanent relations with primary groups.

Development of Cities
 Urban sociology studies the socio-political and economic structures of the city. The relatively
large, dense and permanent community where people rely mainly on non-agricultural means of
subsistence is referred to as a city.

Is it believed that permanent human settlements started at about 8000 B.C. However, the
emergence of fully developed cities arose at about 3500 B.C. in the western part of Asia, the
Sumerian civilization in Mesopotomia (now Iraq)

Some of the earliest cities in history are Memphis in ancient Egypt, which emerged around
3200 B.C., and the major cities built in Pakistan between 2500 and 2000 B.C. In 2400 B.C.,cities in
Europe were built. Cities in China were created around 1850 B.C. while Europe were built. Cities in
China were created around 1850 B.C while sometime in 1000 B.C., cities in Africa were established.

Pre-industrial Cities
How are pre-industrial cities compared to modern-day cities characterized?

Rome is known as the largest pre-industrial city in history. The richness of its culture and
history attest to its grandeur days. However, when the Roman Empire fell, the image of pre-industrial
city also declined. Some of the characteristics of pre-industrial cities are:

a. Small population due to a number of factors, such as high death rates, crowded housing and
hazards from plagues and fires.
b. Limited food supply
c. Difficulty in migration to the city.

Industrial Cities
The advent of the Industrial Revolution changed the nature of the pre-industrial cities. The
huge growth in technology resulted in the rise of streamlined commercial cities in the 19 th century.

New employment opportunities came and the shift from agriculture to manufacturing became
more evident. Machines were used if factories to do certain tasks. There was a drastic change in the
way of life of pre-industrial communities. This turn of events resulted in the so-called urbanization.

During the Industrial Period, people from the rural villages moved to the cities due to several
reasons, but more importantly to seek better employment. The trend of living in suburban areas also
emerged.

Urban Ecological Models

 The growth of cities may be traced to the life cycle of urban growth. Cities are products of
people’s adjustment to the natural environment by effecting considerable changes to overcome natural
barriers.

Concentric Zone Model

In the 1920s, Ernest W. Burgess developed the concentric zone model of urban-ecological
growth pattern. This model adheres to the structure of a typical city with a business district as its core
or center.

Sector Model
The significance of terrain and transportation routes in emphasized in the layout of cities. The
sector was introduced by Homer Hoyt in 1939. In the sector model structure, residence of a particular
type and value tend to grow outward from the center of the city in wedge-shaped sectors with the
more expensive residential neighborhoods situated along the higher ground near lakes and rivers or
along particular streets that stretch in one direction or another from the downtown area.

Multiple Nuclei Model

Chauncy Harris and Edward Ulman developed the multiple nuclei model in 1940. It depicts
the city as having not only one but numerous centers of development. These several centers must be
based on specialized activities to meet the needs or urban folks. Some of these centers are the central
business district for commercial and financial activities, “bright light” for recreation and a medical
complex and government center.

The Urban Community Life

Modernization and innovations usually start in the urban communities. More employment
opportunities are also present. Growth and development are concretized in an urban setting.

However, not all people give a positive description of urbanization. The urban way of life is
often described as a gesellschaft in which relationships are impersonal and superficial due to the
complex and quick-paced living.

There are also several problems confronting urban communities such as the following:
1. Pollution – advanced or modern technology brings about environment problems like
noise pollution or air pollution, causing hazards to city dwellers.
2. Employment – Due to the migration of rural folks who compete with city dwellers for
better jobs, unemployment and underemployment take place.
3. Higher crime rates – according to studies, the city, compared to a rural community
has higher recorded crime rate.
 4. Squatting – rural migrants who come to the city may not always have immediate
refuge or shelter; the less fortunate one’s resort to squatting.

Application!

1. Collect data and photos showing the distinctiveness of the following:

a. Rural life
b. Urban life

2. Identify the major or key cities in the Philippines. Describe their pattern or
structure base on the following urban ecological models;
a. Concentric zone model
b. Sector model
c. Multiple nuclei model

Congratulations for finishing the entire course pack and thank you for your effort and
understanding regarding this lesson, God bless

LESSON 2
The Family as a Social Institution
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
 Explain the Concept of a Family.
 Enumerate the Characteristics of a Family
 Relate the role of the Family in the Society
 Distinguish Responsible Parenthood in the Society

Introduction:
Hello Students! Welcome to Chapter 14 The Family as a Social Institution. This module
reflects about the family. It functions as the basic unit which produces future generations and
provides love and affection to the children. This segment helps to find out the role of family
in the children’s wellbeing in the contemporary society while understanding the factors
associated in affecting negatively the social and psychological conditions of children.

Activity!

Color the picture that corresponds to your outlooks.

Analysis!
1. Define a family?
2. What are the Characteristics of a Family?
3. How does the Family influence the society?
4. When responsible parenthood occurs?

Abstraction!

Family
It is the simplest and most elementary group found in a society. It is a social group consisting
of a father, mother and one or more children. It is the most immediate group a child is
exposed to. In fact, it is the most enduring group, which has tremendous influence on the life
of an individual, from birth until death. It also accounts for the most enduring social relation-
ship found in society. Family has been defined by different social scientists. – Eliot and
Merrill

‘Family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption constituting a

single household interacting and inter-communicating with each other in their respective
social roles of husband and wife, father and mother, son and daughter, brother and sister,
creating a common culture.’

Characteristics of Family:
1. Family is a Universal group. It is found in some form or the other, in all types of societies
whether primitive or modern.
2. A family is based on marriage, which results in a mating relationship between two adults
of opposite sex.
3. Every family provides an individual with a name, and hence, it is a source of
nomenclature.
4. Family is the group through which descent or ancestry can be traced.
5. Family is the most important group in any individual’s life.
6. Family is the most basic and important group in primary socialization of an individual.
7. A family is generally limited in size, even large, joint and extended families.
8. The family is the most important group in society; it is the nucleus of all institutions,
organizations and groups.
9. Family is based on emotions and sentiments. Mating, procreation, maternal and fraternal
devotion, love and affection are the basis of family ties.
10. The family is a unit of emotional and economic cooperation.
11. Each member of family shares duties and responsibilities.
12. Every family is made up of husband and wife, and/or one or more children, both natural
and adopted.
13. Each family is made up of different social roles, like those of husband, wife, mother,
father, children, brothers or sisters.

Functions of Family:

As a social group and as an important social institution, family performs various functions
that are as follows:

1. Family is a unit through which procreation takes place. Marriage sanctions sexual
relationships, and it also establishes a family, which is further reinforced with the birth of
children.
2. The process of reproduction is institutionalized, regulated, and controlled in a family. The
family legitimizes the act of reproduction.
3. Family helps in propagation of human species and perpetuation of human race.
4. Family provides an individual with an identity.
5. It is through the family that every family name is carried on from one generation to
another.
6. Family is responsible for the production and upbringing of children.
7. Family is an important agent of socialization. The primary socialization of any individual
takes place within the family. The immediate family members teach all the basic rules and
norms of social life to a child.
8. Family is also an important agent of cultural transmission. Culture is transmitted from one
generation to another through family. All the aspects of culture are learnt within the family
structure.
9. Family is a great source of strength, emotional and psychological, for its members. All the
members are aware that they can depend upon their family in the times of need.
10. Family provides an individual with a home and establishes enduring social relationships.
11. The family is the basis of division of labor, where all members have their duties and
obligations towards each other.
12. A family fulfills the economic needs of its members. This function has undergone
transformation, with families moving from being production and consumption units in earlier
times, to becoming more of consuming units rather than a producing one. Now-a-days,
members of a family no longer produce things themselves; rather, they go out and work for
some monetary remuneration or wages.
13. Family is traditionally responsible for the education of the children.
14. Family also has a recreational function. Earlier, most recreation was family- based.
Family gatherings during festivals, functions, family reunions, marriages, brought entire
families together. Now-a-days, taking family members out on holidays or for movies, plays,
dinners, or parties, etc., perform the same function.

Types or Forms of Family:

We shall look at some of the types of family in this section (Figure 1).

A description of the above classification of types or forms of family is explained here:

1. Based on Birth:
Family of Orientation:
The family in which an individual is born is his family of orientation.
Family of Procreation:
The family where an individual sets up after his/her marriage is his/her family of procreation.
The family of orientation and procreation may live together under the same roof but can still
be distinguished.

2. Based on Marriage:
Monogamous Family:
This family consists of one husband and wife, including children and is based on
monogamous marriages.
Polygynous Family:
A family consisting of one husband, and more than one wife, and all the children born to all
the wives or adopted by each of them. This type of family has its basis in the polygynous
form of marriage.
Polyandrous Family:
A family made up of one wife and more than one husband, and the children, either born or
adopted with each one of them. This family is based on polyandrous marriage.

3. Based on Residence:
Family of Matrilocal Residence:
When a couple stays in the wife’s house, the family is known as family of matrilocal
residence.
Family of Patrilocal Residence:
When a family stays in the house of husband, the family is known as family of patrilocal
residence.
Family of Changing Residence:
When a family stays in the husband’s house for some time, and moves to wife’s house, stays
there for a period of time, and then moves back to husband’s parents, or starts living in
another place, the family is called a family of changing residence.

4. Based on Ancestry or Descent:

Matrilineal Family:
When ancestry or descent is traced through the female line, or through the mother’s side, the
family is called matrilineal family.
Patrilineal Family:
A family in which the authority is carried down the male line, and descent is traced through
the male line or the father’s side, is called a patrilineal family.

5. Based on Authority:
Matriarchal Family:
Matriarchal families are generally found in matrilineal societies. In these families, a woman
is the head of the family, and authority is vested in her. Succession of property is through the
female line, i.e., only daughters inherit the property.
After marriage, the husband resides in the wife’s house and descent is traced through the
mother’s side. Here, children are brought up in mother’s house. Thus, in matriarchal
societies, the matrilocal system exists. Matriarchal families are found only in matrilineal
societies, which are very limited in number all over the world. They are found in parts of
Latin America, Ceylon, parts of Africa and India (the Khasis and the Garos).

Patriarchal Family:
Patriarchal families are commonly found in all parts of the world, since most societies in the
world are patrilineal societies. In patriarchal families, the head of the family is a male, and
authority is vested in him. Descent and property is passed through the male line and children
are brought up in father’s house. Such families are patrilocal in nature.

6. Based on the Nature of Relations:

Conjugal Family:
The conjugal family is made up of adults among whom there is a sexual relationship. It refers
to a family system of spouses and their dependent children. The emphasis is placed on the
marital relationship that exists between spouses. In modern times, the term ‘conjugal family’
is being used for partners, who have a long- term sexual relationship, but are not actually
married.
Consanguine Family:
A consanguine family is made up of members among whom a blood relation exists, or those
who are consanguineal kin, i.e., a family consisting of parent(s) and children, or siblings
(brothers, sisters, or brothers and sisters).

7. Based on state or structure:

Nuclear Family:
A nuclear family is a small group consisting of a husband, a wife and children, natural or
adopted. It is more or less an autonomous unit that is not under the control of adults or elders
of the family. It consists of two generations only. In all modern societies, nuclear family is
the most common type of family. In fact, nuclear family is both the consequence as well as
the cause of the disintegration of joint family.
Joint Family:
A joint family consists of three generation, living together under the same roof, sharing the
same kitchen and purse or economic expenses. It is a family consisting of three nuclear
families living together. According to Iravati Karve, a joint family is ‘a group of people, who
generally live under the same roof, who eat food cooked at one hearth, who hold property in
common, and who participate in common family worship and are related to each other as
some particular type of kindered.’

The Functions of a Family

The primary function of the family is to perpetuate society, both biologically through
procreation, and socially through socialization.
The primary function of the family is to ensure the continuation of society, both biologically
through procreation, and socially through socialization. Given these functions, the nature of
one’s role in the family changes over time. From the perspective of children, the family
instills a sense of orientation: The family functions to locate children socially and plays a
major role in their socialization. From the point of view of the parents, the family’s primary
purpose is procreation: The family functions to produce and socialize children. In some
cultures, marriage imposes upon women the obligation to bear children. In northern Ghana,
for example, payment of bride wealth signifies a woman’s requirement to bear children, and
women using birth control face substantial threats of physical abuse and reprisals.

Other Functions of the Family

Producing offspring is not the only function of the family. Marriage sometimes establishes
the legal father of a woman’s child or the legal mother of a man’s child; it oftentimes gives
the husband or his family control over the wife’s sexual services, labor, and property.
Marriage, likewise, often gives the wife or her family control over the husband’s sexual
services, labor, and property. Marriage also establishes a joint fund of property for the benefit
of children and can establish a relationship between the families of the husband and wife.
None of these functions are universal but depend on the society in which the marriage takes
place and endures. In societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage, and the resulting
relationship between a husband and wife, is necessary for the formation of an economically
productive household. In modern societies marriage entails rights and privilege that
encourage the formation of new families even when there is no intention of having children.

Family Dynamics

Family dynamics are the patterns of relating, or interactions, between family members.
Each family system and its dynamics are unique, although there are some common
patterns.

All families have some helpful and some unhelpful dynamics.

Even where there is little or no present contact with family, a young person will have
been influenced by dynamics in earlier years. Family dynamics often have a strong
influence on the way young people see themselves, others and the world, and influence
their relationships, behaviors and their wellbeing.

What influences family dynamics?

Some of the many influences on family dynamics include:

  nature of the parents' relationship
 having a particularly soft or strict parent
 number of children in the family
 personalities of family members
 an absent parent
 the 'mix' of members who are living in the same household
 level and type of influence from extended family or others
 a chronically sick or disabled child within the family
 events which have affected family members, such as an affair, divorce, trauma, death,
unemployment, homelessness
 other issues such as family violence, abuse, alcohol or other drug use, mental health
difficulties, other disability
 family values, culture and ethnicity, including beliefs about gender roles, parenting
practices, power or status of family members
 nature of attachments in family (ie secure, insecure)
 dynamics of previous generations (parents and grandparents’ families)
 broader systems- social, economic, political including poverty
Responsible Parenthood 

What is responsible parenthood?

 Responsibility parenthood is an ability of parents to detect the need of happiness and
desire of children and helping them to become responsible and responsible children.
 It is the shared responsibility of husband and wife to determine and achieve the
desired number, spacing, and timing of their children according to their own family life
aspirations, and concerns.
 Responsible parenthood doesn’t limit only on fulfilling the demand of children and
rearing them up properly but goes beyond that

Qualities of responsible parenthood:

1. Marriage should be done at the right age as right age at marriage helps to start a new
life and new family in a right time.
2. The size of a family should be decided by both parents together.
3. Being responsible parents also refers to becoming parents at the right age where both
of them are physically and mentally mature to start a family.
4. Proper spacing between the births of children is also necessary for health of a mother
and child. This also assures that every child receives the attention and care they
deserve.

10 principles of the responsible parenting:

1. What you do matters
 This is one of the most important principles
 Children learn from the parents
 They see, observe, imitate and adapt the behavior of the parents
 One needs to act the same way that they want their children to be
2. You cannot be too loving
 Everybody loves their child
 But the love of parents should never spoil them
 In fact it’s the things like leniency, material possession that spoils them
  Parents need to be careful on that matters
3. Be involved in your child’s life
 It is necessary for parents to be involved in child’s life in both physical way and
mental way
 Parents needs to talk to them and also listen them carefully
 Patents should manage to provide at least 15 minutes of undivided attention towards
children every day.
4. Adapt your parenting to fit your child
 Parents needs to keep the track and pace with the child’s development
 Parents need to understand the children milestone as per the age
5. Establish and set rules
 Parent need to maintain and regulate the child’s behavior.
 Strict actions and punishment may also be required.
 Parents can set up the rules and make children follow them.
 Rules can simply vary from table rules to curfew rules.
6. Foster your child’s independence
 A responsible parent needs to teach their children self-control and encourage
independence.
 Parents should teach them to make responsible decisions and shouldn’t frequently
intervene in their choices.
7. Be consistent
 Consistency is the key to disciplines.
 Rules for children shouldn’t change from day to day. This makes the children
confuse.
 Before that, the parents need to make sure that the rules made are logical and based on
valid reason and are not just imposition of power.
8. Avoid harsh discipline
 Parents should never adopt the harsh way.
 They should never hit a child, under any circumstances.
 This has negative impacts on child.
 Punishment should be mild and used carefully.
9. Explain your rules and decisions
 Good parents have clear expectations
 They communicate this to their children in clear way and explain them as per their
age.
10. Treat your child with respect
 Children should be treated with equal respect.
 Their views, opinions should be listened and valued.
 Speak politely.
 Treat him kindly.
 This is the best way to teach them how to treat and respect others.

Necessities of Responsible parenthood:

a) Maintain healthy family size
 Responsible parenting is concerned with the maintaining the desired size of family,
maintaining the spacing and having desired family size
 The decision is made based on the health status, social and economic concerns
 This will further help parents in responsibly handling the situation in the future and
also prepares them to face challenge
b) Support
  Children require the support of the parents
 Responsible parenting will help in building the supportive relation between children
and parents
 Parents would be able to support their children in every steps of their life
c) Morality
 Children learns from the parents
 They become what their parents are
 Responsible parenting is necessary to teach children the right behavior, culture the
healthy habits and morals and also to guide in right direction throughout.
d) Others
 Encouraging independent thought. It is duty of parents for better controlling over the
children.
 Responsible parenting is also necessary to avoid the financial burden and stay
prepared.

Application!
Make your Family Tree. (1/4 illustration board)

(sample)

Rubric for Grading

Individual Art Projects:

Pts. Creativity/Originality (x Effort/Perseverance (x Craftsmanship/Skill (x Cooperation/Attitude

8 pts.) 7 pts.) 5 pts.) (x 5 pts.)
4 The student explored The project was The artwork was The student willingly
several choices before continued until it was beautiful and patiently participated in
Selecting one, generated complete as the done; it was as good necessary preparation
many ideas, tried student could make it; as hard work could or work for
unusual combinations or gave it effort far make it. classroom, was
changes, used problem- beyond that required. sensitive to the
solving skills. feelings and
knowledge of others,
exhibited a positive
attitude toward
assignment.
3 The student tried a few The student worked With a little more The student
ideas before selecting hard and completed effort, the work could participated
one or based his/her the project, but with a have been enthusiastically,
work on someone else’s bit more effort it outstanding; lacks the performed more than
idea, made decision after might have been finishing touches. adequately, assisted
 referring to one source. outstanding. in preparation and
cleanup.
2 The student tried an idea The student finished The student showed The student was
but it lacked originality, the project, but it average apathetic toward the
might have copied work, could have been craftsmanship; assignment,
substituted “symbols” improved with more adequate, but not as complained, assisted
for personal expression. effort, chose an easy good as it could have in preparation and
project and did it been, a bit careless. cleanup when asked.
indifferently.
1 The student fulfilled the The project was The student showed The student allowed
requirements of the completed with average others to do most of
assignment, but gave no minimum effort craftsmanship, lack of his/her work,
evidence of trying pride in finished work participated
anything unusual minimally, exhibited
no interest in the
project
0 The student showed no The student did not The student showed The student did
evidence of original finish the work poor craftsmanship; almost nothing
thought adequately evidence of laziness toward completing
or lack of the assignment, did
understanding minimum or no
amount of
preparation or
cleanup, distracted
others.

Total possible points = 100 Your score _____/100 = ____% Grade: ______

Congratulations for finishing the entire course pack and thank you for your effort and
understanding regarding this lesson, God bless

LESSON 3
National Security Council
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
 Know about the Internal and External Threats in the Philippines and;
 Know the role of the youth in the national security
Introduction:

Welcome to the last topic of the course pack. In this module you will know what are
the threats our country is facing both inside and outside of the Philippines and you
will know what your role is a youth in the national security.

Activity!

Search, watch or listen to any platform available in your area via

Television, radio or internet and identify what is/are the major threats we
are facing right now and analyze if it its Internal or External Threats.

Abstraction!

Internal Threats

Internal Threats-Threats to internal security may be directed at either the state's citizens, or
the organs and infrastructure of the state itself, and may range from petty crime, serious
organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic terrorism.

1. Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) - The MILF in constructive peace negotiation,
the armed activities of the group continue to be a source of serious concern, particularly the
build-up of its defensive and offensive capabilities. Hand in hand with this security problem
is the threat from the Abu Sayaff group (ASG), a small band of highly mobile terrorists with
suspected links to international networks.

2. The communist party of the Philippines/New People’s Army/National Democratic

Front (CPP/NPA/NDF) - Continuous on pose a serious threat to national security, although
presently weakened in comparison with their peak strength in the period 1985-87.

3. Organized Crime - is a national security concern. The challenge of illegal drugs in

particular, has grown into a major threat to the national community.

4. Grave incidence of poverty - is also a serious top threat of national security, especially to
the extent that it breeds rebellion, crime and dissidence, Poverty incidence affects about one-
third of Filipino nationwide.

5. Economic Sabotage - undermines the market economy, the financial system and the
nation’s resources. Under this category are underground activities such as counterfeiting,
money laundering, large scale smuggling, inter-oceanic poaching and commercial dumping.

6. Graft and corruption – has become another threat to our national security by virtue of the
huge scale by witch it saps public resources undermines the morale of the civil service and
affects the delivery of quality basic services.

7. Severe calamities - Cause serious food shortages, abet hoarding and profiteering tool.

8. Persistent environment degradation- poses a long term security threat. The attrition of
forest and watersheds, air-land-water pollution and the proliferation of toxic substances are a
cause of sickness, death and the diminution of national productivity and well-being.

External Threats
1. The multilateral dispute over the Spratly Islands is a source of intermittent tensions, owing
to the build-up structures, believed to be military-oriented, by some claimant countries in the
area.

2. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal migration and occasional movement of
foreign terrorists through the porous borders of our own southwestern frontier has elicited
transnational concern. Philippine law enforcement agencies work closely with international
police organizations, bilaterally and multilaterally, to check these activities.

3. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the countries within the Association of
South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) are a cause of regional anxieties which tend to aggravate
the political instabilities and socio-economic dislocations involving the poorest people.

4. The serious economic disparity between the rich and poor keeps the world in a state of
instability and virtually on the brink of war in many places.

5. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades many regions and nations including our
own. It is constantly exacerbated by mass poverty, limited access to resources, denial of
human rights, and lack of national and international issues.

Role of the Youth in the national security

By recognizing the vital role of the youth in nation-building, inculcating in them the
patriotism and nationalism, encouraging their involvement in public and civic affairs, the
youth will surely be capacitated and empowered to participate and fruitfully engage in
discussions and activities on matters of great importance, such as the Constitutional reform.
Aside from being an active member of society, the youth are also responsible in
building sustainable peace. They are key players in peace building because of their adeptness
in developing personal integrity, discipline, and open mindedness.

They can also play an active role in peace and conflict resolution by forming a new
flock of peace missionaries and non-government organization network in the grassroots,
concentrated on values education among children.
Application!

Test Yourself 1!
Identify one threat we are facing today and explain what you’re
going to do to help our society.

Test Yourself 2!
If you are to form a group to help our country battle the threats we are facing, what
would you name that group and what will be your advocacy as the youth Leader?

Congratulations for finishing the entire course pack and thank you for your effort and
understanding regarding this lesson, God bless

MODULE SUMMARY
 An internal threat is threat to internal security may be directed at either the state's
citizens, or the organs and infrastructure of the state itself, and may range from petty
crime, serious organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic
terrorism. While an external threat are actions and positions against our national
security which is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs,
our democratic way of life, our institution of governance and our unity, welfare, and
wellbeing as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously
enhanced. While facing these threats the youth also plays a vital role in nation
building to help suppress these threats, aside from being an active member of society,
the youth are also responsible in building sustainable peace. They are key players in
peace building because of their adeptness in developing personal integrity, discipline,
and open mindedness.
 Family is the simplest and most elementary group found in a society. It is a social
group consisting of a father, mother and one or more children. It is the most
immediate group a child is exposed to. In fact, it is the most enduring group, which
has tremendous influence on the life of an individual, from birth until death. It also
accounts for the most enduring social relationship found in society. Family has been
defined by different social scientists. – Eliot and Merrill