DESIGN OF SWRO PLANT

Source Water Quality Characterization

TDS For Different Sources

TDS=35945791 mg/l (sea water)
Required capacity of water: About 200 m3 /d of fresh water
1- tanks design :
Feed tank (Concrete tank):

For recovery of 40%

Circular tank has a capacity of 500 m3
Tank volume = 𝜋/ 4 𝐷2 h
Let H = 1.5 D
𝜋
So 𝑉 = D3 *1.5
4
𝜋
500 = D3 *1.5
4

So D = 7.5 m
D = 8 m , H = 12 m
Pure water tank (Concrete tank)

Circular tank has a capacity of 200 m3 /d

Tank volume = 𝜋 4 𝐷2 𝐻
Let H = 1.5 D
𝜋
So 𝑉 = D3 *1.5
4
𝜋
200 = D3 *1.5
4

So D = 5.5
D = 6 m, H = 9m
2- Feed pumps (1 pumps+ 1 standby)
- 3 bar due to depth of well about (20m) and losses due to friction
about 1 bar
*10m =1 bar
- 3 bar for multi media pressure (.7 sand filter + .7 carbon filter + 1
catraidge filter + .5 losses = 2.9 bar )
Flow rate = 500/16 =31.25 m3/h
Pressure = 6 bar
 3- Filters design
Design of sand filter
For Q=31.25 m3/h =137.6 gpm
flow rate
A = filteration rate

Where filtration rate depends on SDI of water

Assume filtration rate = 6
A=137.6/6=23 ft2
from table for 137.6 gpm so there are 2 filters A=24 ft2
r2 =24/.0218=1238 in2
r=35 in
Design of activated carbon filters
For flow = 31.25 m3/h

Design of cartridge filter

The hydraulic load which each cartridge filter can sustain is 0.9 m3/h for 10
inch length of cartridge filter. For more safety we will take the hydraulic load
for 10 inch is 0.65 m3/h.
Q=31.25 m3 /h
quantity of water
∴ 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒 = hydraulic load

For cartridge with length 40 inch hydraulic load for 40 inch is 2.6 m 3/h.
∴ 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑g𝑒 = 31.25/3=10.42
Take number of cartridge = 11
4-Design of RO units:
Selection of membranes from (Dow® -FilmtecTM membranes):
 For Seawater membranes:
Membranes are selected according to the nature and type of water and salts
and their components and the type of membrane material itself
Water with salts greater than 15000 ppm, such as sea water and some wells,
is used Sea water membrane
Medium brackish water with salts from 10,000 to 15,000 ppm is
used Brackish water membrane
Waste water is also assigned specific membranes
4 inch diameter films are selected only if the required production rate is less
than 3 cubic meters per hour
And if it is more than that, we choose a diameter of 8 inches and 40 inches in
length

Use "FILMTEC SW30HR LE-400 Seawater Reverse Osmosis Element"

Recovery of seawater elements is (40%).
Design calculations for one stage of filtration by RO
vessels:

For sea water :

Flux (LMH), Safe range (13-20) (L/m2h)
Qp
𝜑=
n×A

𝜑: Flux
𝑄𝑝: Permeate (product) water (L/h)
n: Number of elements
A: Active area of membrane (m2 )
𝑛 = (12.5 × 1000)/( 37 × 16) = 21.11
So take= 22 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛T
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑠 =22/6 = 4 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑠
Calculation the pressure of High Pressure Pump
(HPP)

𝑄𝑃 = 200 𝑚3 𝑑 = 12.5 𝑚3/ℎ

∆𝑃
NDP=𝑃F - - 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 − (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑡 −
2
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐e
Where:
NDP= Net driving pressure
𝑃𝐹= Feed pressure required
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒= As the highest of the tanks and mistakes
in design of pipes (assume = 1 bar)
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑡=As the permeat has low concentration then the
pressure will decrease (assume 0 bar).
∆𝑃= 15 to 25 psi for new station.
Take 25 psi =1.723 bar
(posmo)feed + (posmo)rejec𝑡
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑃𝐹 ∗
2

Where:
𝑃𝐹=polarization factor
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑=osmotic pressure of feed water
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡= osmotic pressure of rejected water
𝑃𝐹 = 𝑒 (0.7∗𝑌 )
𝑌𝑖=Average recovery =1 − (1 − 𝑦) 1/n
Where:
n= no. of element in single vessel
𝑌𝑖 =1-(1 − 0.4) 1/ 6 = 0.081614
𝑃𝐹 = 1.05
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 0.012 ∗ 32000 = 384 𝑝𝑠i
To calculate osmotic pressure for concentrated water we should
calculate TDS for it.
𝑇𝐷𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒=C.F*𝑇𝐷𝑆𝑓𝑒𝑒d
Where:
C.F=concentration factor
1 1
C.F= = = 1.666
1−𝑦 1−0.4

𝑇𝐷𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 1.666 ∗ 32000 = 53312 𝑝𝑝𝑚

(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 0.012 ∗ 53312 = 640 𝑝𝑠i
384+640
∴ (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 1.05 ∗ =537.6 psi =37 bar
2

𝑄𝑝 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑆 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑇𝐶𝐹 ∗ 𝐹. 𝑓 ∗ 𝐶. 𝑓 ∗ 𝑁𝐷p
Where:
A=Permeability factor=0.03
S=membrane area (𝑓𝑡2 )
N=no of membrane
TCF= Temperature correction factor =1
𝐹. 𝑓 = Fouling factor= 1 for new membrane
𝐶. 𝑓 =Compressibity factor= 1 for new membrane
𝑄𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 (𝑔𝑝𝑑)
QP(gpd)
∴ 𝑁𝐷𝑃 =
A ∗ S ∗ N ∗ TCF ∗ F.f ∗ C.f
52840
𝑁𝐷𝑃 =
.03∗400∗22∗1∗.9∗.9

𝑁𝐷𝑃 = 247 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 17 𝑏𝑎𝑟

∆𝑃
NDP=𝑃F - - 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 − (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑡 −
2
(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜)𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐e
PF = 17 + 37 + 0.65 + 1 = 55.65 bar