Generating a wake field

using volumeforces

Simon Törnros

Chalmers University of Technology,

Gothenburg, Sweden

2012-10-19

Simon Törnros Generating a wake field using volumeforces 2012-10-19 1 / 19

The wake field

Non-uniform velocity field due to flow distortion by the hull

Non-uniform loading gives cavitation erosion, noise and vibrations

Figure: Cavitating propeller Figure: Cavitation erosion

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Volumeforces

Including hull is CPU expensive

The axial component has been generated using volumeforces before
see Shin, Andersen and Mikkelsen [1]
Navier stokes including volumeforce
∂v
ρ( + v · ∇v) = −∇p + µ∇2 v + f (1)
∂t
Guessed connection between volumeforce and velocity change

v2 |v2 | − v12
f =ρ (2)
2l

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interPhaseChangeFoam

transient solver taking phase change into account

PISO loop: include the volumeforces in the momentum prediction

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Implementation

The user specifies the wanted wake field in terms of a numbers of

wake fractions
v
w =1− (3)
v∞
The volumeforce is calculated from the wanted wake fraction
The volumeforce vectorfield is added to the momentum prediction

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The wake class

The class wake includes memberfunctions to

Read the disk geometry, wake fractions and flow properties specified
by the user
Check if the cell center is inside the disk region
Interpolate to achieve the target wake fraction
Calculate the volumeforce vector
Create the volumeforce vectorfield

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Compile the solver

Copy the interPhaseChangeWakeFoam to the user

application/solver/multiphase directory
Compile the solver

OF21x
$WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR
cd applications/solvers/multiphase/interPhaseChangeWakeFoam/
wmake

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The mesh
Rectangular domain generated by blockMesh
Refined cylindrical region with snappyHexMesh

Figure: X normal slice Figure: Z normal slice

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Boundary conditions and setup

Laminar turbulence model

inlet velocity (0 0 7);

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The specified volumeforce disk

volumeForceDisk
{
startCenterLine (0 0 0);
endCenterLine (0 0 0.12);
upDirection (0 1 0);
innerRadius 0.5;
outerRadius 2;
freeStreamVelocity 7;
density 1000;

wakeAxialR000Phi000 0.5;
...

The wake fractions are visual estimates, not precise!

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Run the case

Copy the case LaminarWake to the user run folder and run the case

run

cd LaminarWake/

blockMesh

snappyHexMesh -overwrite

decomposePar

mpirun -np 4 interPhaseChangeWakeFoam -parallel >& log&

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Visualize the results

paraFoam -touch

paraview

Load the state file wakeComparison

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Performance
Similarity in pattern
Too small velocity changes

Figure: Target axial wake Figure: Achieved axial wake

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Performance
Similarity in pattern
Too small velocity changes

Figure: Target out-directed wake Figure: Achieved out-directed wake

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Performance
Similarity in pattern
Too small velocity changes

Figure: Target up-directed wake Figure: Achieved up-directed wake

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Diskthickness effect on performance

Using a thicker volumeforce disk makes no significant difference

Figure: Achieved axial wake, 1 cell Figure: Achieved axial wake, 5 cells
thickness thickness

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Viscous effects on performance

Setting the viscosity to zero makes no significant difference

Figure: Achieved axial wake, ν=0 Figure: Achieved axial wake, ν=9e-7

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Conclusions

Small velocity changes gives reason to question the guessed

volumeforce to velocity change relation
Number of wake fractions necessary to be specified needs to be
investigated

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References

Shin, K, W. Andersen, Mikkelsen, Robert. (2011) Cavitation

Simulation on Conventional and Highly-Skewed Propellers in the
Behind-Hull Condition. Hamburg, Germany.( Second International
Symposium on Marine Propulsors smp’11)

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