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50 Soruda Dil Öğrenme-Cem Balçıkanlı
50 Soruda Dil Öğrenme-Cem Balçıkanlı
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198o'de istanbul'da doğan
Prof. Dr. Cem Balçıkanlı,
Fulbright bursuyla Florida
Universitesi'nde Türkçe
okutmanı olarak görev yaptı.
2013'te doçent, 2019'da da
profesör unvanını aldı.
Uluslararası yayınevleri
tarafından yayımlanmış
kitaplarda bölümleri,
uluslararası endekslerde
taranan dergilerde makaleleri
ve çeşitli dergilerde eğitim
içeriklı yazıları bulunmaktadır.
2011'den beri ESCI
endeksinde taranan The
)ournal of Language
Learning and Teaching
(jltl.com.tr) isimli derginin
editörlüğünü sürdüren
Balçıkanlı, halen Gazi
Universitesi, Gazi Eğitim
Fakültesi, lngıliz Oılı Eğitımı
Anabilim Dalında lisans vr
lısansüstü dersi r
vermektedir
Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı
Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaphqı - 68
ISBN: 978-605-5888-68-8
ÖNSÖZ 9
1. Bölüm
DiL VE DiL GELiŞiMi 15
1) Diller nasıl ortaya çıktı? 15
2) lngilizce her zaman bu kadar popüler miydi? 21
3) Dil edinmek ve dil öğrenmek aynı şey midir? 24
4) Çocuklarda dil gelişimi nasıl olur? 27
5) Çocuklar en fazla kaç dili aynı anda edinebilir? 33
6) Bebeklere ve çocuklara evde yabancı dil öğretilebilir mi
veya öğretilmeli mi? 39
7) Çocuklarla evde yabancı dil konuşmak faydalı mıdır? 43
2. Bölüm
YABANCI DiL Ö�RENIMI 47
8) Yabancı dil öğrenmenin ideal yaş aralığı var mıdır? 47
9) Yaşlılar da yabancı dil öğrenebilir mi? 54
10) Yabancı dil bilmek ne anlama gelir? 62
11) Yabancı dil bilmenin dereceleri var mıdır? 67
12) Yabancı dil öğrenmek zor mudur? 71
13) Bir yabancı dil öğrenildikten sonra yeni bir dil
daha mı kolay öğrenilir? 74
14) Yabancı dil öğrenme sürecinde ezberin ve
tekrann önemi nedir? 78
15) Yabancı dil öğreniminde motivasyonun rolü nedir? 82
16) iyi bir yabancı dil öğrencisinin özellikleri nelerdir? 89
17) Yabancı dil öğreniminde öğrenen özerkliği
ne demektir? 95
18) Dil öğrenmek yetenek işi midir? 100
19) Yabancı dil öğrenim sürecinde dilbilgisinin
önemi var mıdır? 104
20) Yabancı dil öğrenme sürecinde hangi dil becerileri
daha önemlidir? 108
21) Yabancı dil öğrenmek için anadili iyi bilmek
gerekir mi? 112
22) Yabancı dil kaygısı ne demektir? 116
23) Yabancı dil öğreniminde kültürün rolü nedir? 121
24) Anadili konuşmacılan yabancı dil öğretiminde
daha mı etkilidir? 127
25) Yabancı dil öğrenmek için yurtdışında yaşamak
şart mıdır? 131
26) Yabancı dil öğretim sürecinde anadili ne kadar
kullanılmalıdır? 135
27) Öğrenilen yabancı dil kullanılmadığında unutulur ya da
geriler mi? 139
28) Dil öğrenmek beyin gelişimini etkiler mi? 145
29) Kişilik ve yabancı dil öğrenme arasında
bir ilişki var mıdır? 151
30) Öğrenme stillerinin yabancı dil başansına etkisi
var mıdır? 155
31) Farklı yaş gruplarına göre yabancı dil öğrenme etkinlikleri
değişiklik gösterir mi? 161
32) Ders kitaplannın yabancı dil öğreniminde yeri nedir? 165
33) Özel amaçlı yabancı dil daha mı kolay öğrenilir? 168
3. Bölüm
YABANCI DİL ÖGRENME YOLLARI 173
34) Yabancı dil öğrenmek isteyen bireyler nereden
başlamalıdır? 173
35) Yabancı dil öğreniminde web teknolojilerinin yararları
nelerdir? 178
36) Yabancı dil öğrenim sürecinde film ve dizilerin
rolü nedir? 184
37) Bilgisayar oyunlan yabancı dil öğreniminde
etkili midir? 190
38) Yabancı dilde konuşma becerisi nasıl geliştirilir? 197
39) Yabancı dilde kelime nasıl öğrenilir? 204
40) Yabancı dil öğrenmek için beyin çipi
geliştirilebilir mi? 209
4. Bölüm
DÜNYA ve TÜRKIYE'DE YABANCI DiL EGITIMI 215
41) Günümüzde kullanılan en etkili yabancı dil öğretim yöntemi
hangisidir? 215
42) Dünyada yabancı dillerin hepsi aynı yöntemlerle mi
öğretilmeli; yoksa diller birbirinden farklı olduğu gibi öğretim
yöntemleri de farklılık göstermeli mi? 230
43) Yabancı dil dışındaki derslerin yabancı dilde öğretilmesi
etkili bir yöntem midir? 232
44) Hangi ülkeler yabancı dil eğitiminde başanlıdır? 235
45) "Anlıyorum ama konuşamıyorum" söylemi doğru mudur? 242
46) Yabancı dil öğrenirken sıklıkla dillendirilen
Türkçe düşünmek ne demektir? 247
47) Tarih boyunca Türkler yabancı dil eğitiminde
başarılı olmuş mudur? 250
48) Türkiye' de niye yabancı dil öğrenemiyoruz
diye bir algı var? 255
49) Türkiye' deki yabancı dil eğitimindeki sorunlar nelerdir? 260
50) Y DS ve YÖKDİL gibi sınavlar dil yeterliğini tam olarak
ölçüyor mu? 269
Sevgili eşim
Gülfem Sezen Balçıkanlı'ya ...
ÖNSÖZ 9
ön söz
Teşekkürler
"Oğlum kelime ezberlemek istiyorsan, yazarak çalı
şacaksın" diyerek benim ilk İngilizce öğretmenim olan
rahmetli babam Mehmet Balçıkanlı'ya, kitapta ele aldığım
konuların belirlenme aşamasındaki katkılarından dolayı
Prof. Dr. Abdülvahit Çakır, Prof. Dr. Paşa Tevfik Cephe
ve Prof. Dr. Kemal Sinan Özmen'e, kendisi de meraklı bir
dil öğrencisi olan Sevgili Dostum Sertaç lncekli'ye, keyifli
sohbetleriyle kitabın daha anlaşılır olmasını sağlayan Filiz
ve Mehmet Sezen'e, kitabın bazı bölümlerindeki Türkçe
düzeltmelerinden dolayı Abdülkadir ve Serpil Hayber'e,
ele aldığım konulara ilişkin yaptıkları yorumlarla kitaba
ÖNSÖZ 1 3
Cem Balçıkanlı
Ankara, 23 Haziran 2020
DiL ve DiL GELiŞiMi 1 5
1. Böl ü m
. . . . .
11 Diller nasıl
ortaya çıktı?
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Ütopyalar, Fantavnalar, Kuruntular ve Dilsel Kurgular, Yapı Kredi
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oks Ltd.
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tory, Diversity and Change, London: Routlcdge.
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tional Language" ; in D. Graddol, E. Leith, ] . Swann (Eds . ) ; English
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quisition; Brill.
41 Çocuklarda d i l gelişimi
nasıl olur?
KAYNAKLAR
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Million Word Gap by Age 3", American Educator, 27( 1 ) , 4-9.
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.
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51 Cocuklar en fazla
kaç dili aynı anda edinebilir?
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6) "Adın nedir?"
42 50 SORUDA Dil öGRENME
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] . ; (20 1 7) ; "Fetal Rhythm-Based Language Discrimination: A Bio
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.
2. Böl ü m
YABAN CI Dİ L ÖG REN İMİ
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54 50 SORUDA DiL öGRENME
91 Yaşlılar da yabancı d i l
öğrenebilir m i ?
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"Bilingualism, Aging and Cognitive Control: Evidence From the Si
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- Birdsong, D. (Ed. ) . ; ( 1999); Second Language Acquisition and the
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- Clare, L. , Whitaker, C.j . , Craik, F . I . , Bialystok, E . , Martyr, A.,
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",
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16) Bu liste, yabancı dil öğrencilerinin belirtilen dil seviyelerinde hangi dil
işlevlerini yerine getirdiklerini göstermektedir.
ŞEKİL 1 . Diller İçin Avrupa Orta k Başvuru Metn i ' ndeki Dil Seviyeleri
70 50 SORUDA DiL öGRENME
KAYNAKLAR
- Council of Europe; "Council for Cultural Co-operation, Educa
tion Committee, Modem Languages Division", (200 1 ) , Common
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trolled Productive Ability" , Language Testing, 16 ( 1 ) , 33-5 1 .
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ge Policy, New York: Psychology Press.
YABANCI DiL öGRENIMI 7 1
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Chen, ] . K. , & Klein, D . ; (20 16) ; "Intrinsic Functional Connectiv
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]oumal of Neuroscience, 36(3), 755-76 1 .
- D e Groot, A . M . , & Keijzer, R. ; (2000) ; "What i s Hard t o Learn is
Easy to Forget: The Roles of Word Concreteness, Cognate Status
and Word Frequency in Foreign-Language Vocabulary Learning
and Forgetting" , Language Leaming, 50( 1 ) , 1-56.
- Horwitz, E.K.; ( 1988) ; "The Beliefs About Language Learning
of Beginning University Foreign Language Students", The Modem
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Language': On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and Its
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ge: Cambridge University Press.
78 50 SORUDA DiL �RENME
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82 50 SORUDA DİL ôGRENME
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YABANCI DiL öGRENIMI 95
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Dil öğrenmek
1 81 yetenek işi midir?
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1 04 50 SORUDA DiL ôGRENME
nuşmacılarının bu yapıyı
C l A S S I C R E P R I N T S E R I E S
yoğunlukla böyle kullan
maları gramer türü olarak THE GRAMMAR OF
betimleyici türün benim
DıoNYSIOS ThRAX
sendiğinin bir göstergesi
olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Tn.nslatcd From thc Greck
"
23) "Hiçbir şey yapmıyorum.
YABANCI DiL MRENIMI 107
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1 12 50 SORUDA DiL MRENME
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1 16 50 SORUDA DiL ôGRENME
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guage Leaming, 59( 1 ) , 203-243 .
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guage Classroom Anxiety" , The Modem Language ]oumal, 70 (2) ,
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44 1 Hangi ülkeler
yabancı dil eğitiminde başarılıdır?
l Çin 555
2 Singopur 549
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10 Polonya 512
40 Tü rkiye 466
79 Filipinler 340
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F i l i p i n ler 340 60 . 1 4 54 17
240 50 SORUDA DiL MRENME
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2 72 50 SORUDA DiL ôGRENME
50 Soruda Aydınlanma
Afşar Timuçin - Ali Timuçin
50 Soruda Deprem
Prof. Dr. Haluk Eyidoğan
50 Soruda Arkeoloji
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan
50 Soruda Matematik
Prof. Dr. Şahin Koçak
50 Soruda Evren
Çağlar Sunay
50 Soruda Psikiyatri
Prof. Dr. Ali Nahit Babaoğlu
50 Soruda Antropoloji
Doç. Dr. Sibel Özbudun - Dr. Gülfem Uysal
50 Soruda Üniversite
rrof Dr ızge Günal
O Soruda Evrim
� ı�ıı M"ı I fl.ı�ııcı, PhD.
NAi
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