AQyaaya :: 3

saMgaIt saMbaMiQat AaQauinak Qvaina

iva&ana

3.1 pircayaa%mak ivavarNa

AaQauinak iva&ana ko ivaSaala BaNDar kI
ivaivaQa SaaKaAaoM maoM sao ek SaaKa Qvaina
iva&ana ( Science of Sound) hO. vaO&ainakaoM nao ApnaI
saUJabaUJa Wara Qvaina iva&ana ko zaosa isawant
sqaaipt ikyao hOM AaOr iva&ana (Science) ko ivaVaqaI- [na
isawantaoM kao zIk sao samaJanao ko ilae, p/yaaoga
Saalaa (Laboratory) maoM mau#ya-mau#ya p/yaoaga
(Experiment) svayaM krto hOM. pirNaama sva$p ]nhoM [na
isawantaoM ko maUla sva$p kao samaJanao maoM
sahayata imalatI hO.
Saas~Iya saMgaIt sao jauD,,o vyai>yaaoM
kao Qvaina iva&ana ko mau#ya mau#ya isawantaoM kao
jaananaa AavaSyak hO. yao isawant saMgaIt ko Saas~ pxa
kao samaJanao va saMgaIt $ica baZ,anao maoM ]pyaaogaI
isaw hao sakto hOM. yah AavaSyak nahIM hO ik Qvaina
iva&ana ko isawantaoM kao BailaBaaMit samaJanoa ko
ilae, Aaja ko ivaWanaaoM va ivaVaiqa-yaaoM kao
svayaM p/yaaogaSaalaa maoM jaa kr p/yaaogaaoM kao
krnaa pD,o.yaid vao p/yaaoga krtoo hOM tao haina BaI
nahIM hO.[sa p/kar ko dRiYTkaoNa kao Apnaanao ka
karNa hO.p/qama tao, saMgaIt ko ivaVaqaI- ko saamanao
kafI laMbaa caaOD,a paz\yak/ma haota hO iWtIya,yaid
p/arMBa sao hI BaaOitk iva&ana (Physics) ko isawantaoM
va p/yaaoga Saalaa pr jaaor donao laga jaayaoMgao tao
pUra ivaYaya naIrsa bana jaayaogaa.hmaara Qyaoya
saMgaIt Saas~ maoM $ica ]%pnna krnao ko pxa maoM
hO.eosaa lagata hO ik Aaja ka saMgaIt samaaja,
AaQauinak Qvaina iva&ana ko saMbanQa pr ]dasaIna
hO.samaya samaya pr saMgaIt ivaSvaivaValaya samaaraoh
maoM [sa ivaYaya pr caca-a haoto doKa gayaa hO prMtu
jahaM tk [sa ivaYaya kao paz\k/ma maoM jaaoD,nao ka
saMbanQa hO,[sa idSaa maoM p/gait nahIM ko barabar
hO.hmaaro ivacaar sao, saMgaIt saMbainQat AaQauinak
Qvaina iva&ana ko isawaMtaoM ka ivaYaya sahI Z,Mga
sao, paz\yak/ma (Syllabus) maoM SaIGa/ sao SaIGa/ jaaoD,
donaa, Ait ihtkr haogaa.[sa p/kar BaivaYya maoM saMgaIt
ko snaatk Aaid iDga/I sausaijjat sajjanaaoM kao, AcCI
naaOkiryaaoM va Anya p/kar kI p/ityaaoigataAaoM
(Compitions) maoM Baaga laonao ko Avasar p/aPt hao
sakoMgao. yah tBaI saMBava hO, jaba hma saMgaIt ko
paz\yak/ma (Syllabus) maoM ivaSvaivaQyaalayaaoM ko
Anya ivaYayaaoM ko samaana,AaQauinak iva&ana ko
saaqasaaqa , AaQauinak gaiNat ko ]icat AMgaaoM kao BaI
sammailat kr idyaa jaayaogaa .AaQauinak iva&ana va
AaQauinak gaiNat ko ]nhIM AMSaaoM kao paz\yak/ma
maoM sammailat krnao ka p/yaasa krnaa caaihyao ijanako
Wara saMgaIt Saas~ kao hma BalaIBaaMit svayaM samaJa
sakoM tqaa AavaSykta pD,nao pr paScaa%ya
ivaWanaaoM ko saaqa BaI saMgaIt Saas~ saMbaMQaI
ivacaaraoM ka Aadana p/dana krnao maoM saxama hao
sakoM.
AaQauinak Qvaina iva&ana ko ijana
maaOilak isawantaoM kao Aiga/ma AnaucCodaoM Wara
p/stut ikyaa gayaa hO, eosao ibandU vat-maana paz\yak/ma
maoM phlao sao hI sammailat hO. yaha ]nhIM
ibanduAaoM kao ivastar pUva-k samaJaanao ka p/yaasa
ikyaa gayaa hO.kBaI kBaI hmaaro kanaoMa maoM ek
p/kar kI Qvaina/gaMUja jaOsaI vastu ka AnauBava haota
hO.eosaI Avasqaa iksaI ko Wara banaa[- nahIM jaatI,
Apnao AapmaoM bana jaatI hO.ta%pya- yah hO ik [sa
gaMUja kI ]%pi<a iksaI AaGaat Wara nahIM haotI hO
AaOr na hI vah gaMUja khIM sao calakr AatI hO.
[saIilayao hmaaro Saas~karaoM nao [sao Qvaina yaa naad
nahIM maanaa hO. na hI AaQauinak iva&ana [sao Qvaina
kI saM&a dota hO. hmaaro p/acaIna ga/MqakaraoM
nao ]sao Anahd naad kI saM&a dI hO AaOr Anahd naad
kao yaaoga ko AMtga-t maanaa hO.
AaQauinak Qvaina iva&ana nao ApUva- p/gait
kI hO. saMgaIt sao jauD,o xao~ ko Aitir> BaI hmaaro
saamanao Anaok ]dahraNa ]pisqat hOM ijanakao doKkr
AaQauinak Qvaina iva&ana ko isawantaoM kI saccaa[-
kao Bai>Baava sao namana krnao maoM gaaOrvata ka
Baasa haota hO. vaastva maoM hmaoM [sa tqya kao
svaIkar kr laonaa caihe ik Qvaina iva&ana ko AaQauinak
isawant Sat–p/itSat sahI hOM.saMgaIt sambainQat
samasyaayaoM Anaok hOM prMtu [sa samaya hmaara
Qyaana kovala svar va ]sako maana sao jauD,I
samasyaaAaoM tk hI hO.Agalao pircCodaoM maoM
saMgaIt sao jauD,o [saI p/kar ko dao tIna AaQauinak
isawantaoM kao [sa p/kar sao p/stut ikyaa jaa rha hO ik
saaQaarNa ivaVaqaI- BaI ]sao sarlata sao ga/hNa kr sako.
yao dao tIna isawant hI hmaaro saMgaIt saMbanQaI
samasyaaAaoM kao saulaJaanao va samaJaanao ko ilae
pyaa-Pt hOM.

3.2 Qvaina trMga (Sound waves)

 AaQauinak Qvaina iva&ana kI sabasao
baD,I ]plaibQa [sa tqya pr bala dotI hO ik Qvaina sadOva
trMgaaoM Wara hI ek sqaana sao dUsaro sqaana tk
phUMca patI hO AaOr [na trMgaaoM kao Aagao baZ,nao
ko ilae yaanaI p/saairt haonao ko ilayao iksaI maaQyama
ka haonaa Ainavaaya- hO jaOsao-hvaa va panaI Aaid.
BaaOitk iva&ana (Physics) kI pustkaoM maoM
ivaivaQa ]dahrNa payao jaato hOM ijanako Wara
trMgaaoM jaOsaI vastu kao samaJanao maoM AasaanaI
hao jaatI hO. jaba skUla kI GaNTI bajaayaI jaatI hO tao
hmaoM ]sakI Aavaaja saunaa[- dotI hO.GaNTo pr
maUMgarI Wara p/har krnao ko pScaat\ jaao Qvaina ]
%pnna haotI hO vah hmaaro kanaaoM tk phUMcatI hO.
BaaOitk iva&ana hmaara Qyaana AkiYa-t krta hO ik
Aavaaja ]%pnna haonao ko sqaana sao Qvaina kao
kanaaoM tk phuMcanao ko ilae iksaI maaQyama kI
AavaSyakta pD,tI hO. [sailae kh sakto hOM ik GaNTo
Wara ]%pnna yah Aavaaja, hvaa ko maaQyama Wara
hmaaro kanaaoM tk phuMca pa[- hO. [sa ]dahrNa Wara
yah samaJa maoM Aata hO ik Qvaina p/saarNa ko ilae
maaQyama (Media) kI AavaSyakta pD,tI hO.[sa tqya kI
puiYT krnao ko ilae iva&ana ko ivaVaqaI- ek p/cailat
p/yaoaga krto hO.SaISao kI ek baaotlanaumaa bat-na (Bell
Jar) maoM ibajalaI sao bajanao vaalaI GaMTI kao band kr
doto hOM. jaOsao hI hma GaMTI ko baTna kao dbaato
hOM, tao hmaoM GaMTI kI Aavaaja saunaa[- donao lagatI
hO. Aba hma bat-na (Bell Jar) kI hvaa kao pmp Wara baahr
KIMcanaa AarMBa krto hOM. jaOsao jaOsao bat-na
maoM sao hvaa kma haotI jaatI hO, GaMTI kI Aavaaja
k/maSa: QaImaI saunaa[- donao lagatI hO AaOr AMt
maoM ek isqait eosaI AatI hO ik GMaTI kI Aavaaja [tnaI
maMd hao jaatI hO ik hmaoM GMaTI Wara inaklaI
Qvaina, saunaa[- donaa baMd hao jaatI hO. [sako pScaat\
bat-na mMMaMo hvaa kao QaIro QaIro p/vaoSa krayaa
jaata hO .Aba hma yah AnauBava krto hOM ik GaMTI kI
Aavaaja QaIro QaIro puna: saunaa[- donao lagatI hO. spYT
hO ik hvaa jaba lauPt hao jaatI hO tao GaMTI kI Aavaaja
BaI lauPt hao jaatI hO. GaMTI AaOr kanaaoM ko baIca
maoM sao maaQyama BaMga hao jaanao ko karNa,
Qvaina ka BaI saunaa[- donaa baMd hao jaata hO.jaba bat-
na maoMo hvaa ka daobaara sao p/vaoSa ikyaa jaata hO
tao maaQyama ifr sao jaIivat hao ]zta hO. flasva$p
kanaaoM AaOr GaMTI ko baIca ka maaQyama puna:
sqaaipt hao jaata hO AaOr GaMTI kI Aavaaja ifr sao
saunaa[- donao lagatI hO. p/yaoaga Wara [sa tqya kI
puiYT hao jaatI hO ik Qvaina p/saarNa ko ilae maaQyama
ka haonaa AavaSyak hO.
ek ]dahrNa AaOr idyaa jaa rha hO. qaaoD,I dor
ko ilayao yah samaJa ilayaa jaayao ik p%qar ko ek
CaoTosao TukD,o kao iksaI DaorI maoM baaMQakr, hvaa
maoM gaaola-gaaola [sa p/kar Gaumaayaa jaayao, ik DaorI
ka ek Caor haqa maoM hao AaOr p%qar ka TukD,a
lagaBaga dao- tIna fuT dUrI pr hvaa maoM
vaRtakar(Circular) maaga- banaata idKlaa[- do.inaScaya hI
yah p%qar ka TukD,a gaaola piriQa maoM GaUma rha hO.
hma yah AnauBava krto hOM ik phlao tao iksaI p/kar kI
Qvaina saunaa[- nahIM dotI hO prMtu jaOsao hI haqa
Wara gaaola ca@kraoM kI saM#yaa maoM vaRiw kI jaatI
hO hmaoM ek p/kar kI Qvaina saunaa[- donao lagatI hO.
vah p%qar ka TukD,a hvaa maoM ek inayaimat p/kar kI
hlacala pOda kr rha hO.pirNaamasva$p [sa hlacala Wara
hmaoM Qvaina saunaa[- pD, rhI hO. jaOsao-jaOsao hma p
%qar ko TukD,o kao Gaumaanao vaalao ca@kraoM maoM
vaRiw krto hOM vaOsao- vaOsao Qvaina saaf va tIKI
saunaa[- donao lagatI hO.
[na daonaaoM ]dahrNaaoM Wara yah samaJa
maoM Aata hO ik Qvaina iksaI jagah sao calakr kanaaoM
tk phuMca rhI hO.Qvaina kao ek sqaana sao dUsaro sqaana
tk calakr Aanao ko ilae, daonaaoM hI ]dahrNaaoM ko
AMtga-t hvaa hI (Medium) maaQyama hO.jaOsao jaOsao
gaaola ca@kraoM kI vaRiw kI ga[- hO, ]saI Anaupat
maoM hvaa ko kNaaoM mao AiQak hlacala/ kmpnna
(Vibration) ]%pnna huAa AaOr yao kmpnna,trMgaaoM ka $p
QaarNa kr laota hO.yahaM maaQyama hvaa hO. [saIilae
[na trMgaaoM kao hma doK nahIM sakto hOM.yaid iksaI
CaoTo talaaba maoM ek p%qar ka TukD,a foMk doM, tao
hmaoM p%qar Wara ]%pnna hlacala kao, trMgaaoM ko $p
maoM doKnao kao imala saktI hO.
PaazkgaNa [sa ivaYaya kao pUNa- $p sao
samaJanaa caahoM tao ]nhoM Qvaina iva&ana kI
pustkaoM ka AQyayana krnaa pD,ogaa va saaqa saaqa
maoM kuC p/yaaogaaoM kao BaI krnaa ihtkr haogaa .
pazkaoM ka Qyaana [sa Aaor AakiYa-t krnaa caahoMgao
ik hmaaro khnao ka ]_oSya yah nahIM hO ik saMgaIt ko
ivaVaiqa-yaaoM kao sampUNa--BaaOitk iva&ana ka
pUNa-$p sao ivaiQavat\ AQyayana krnaa caaihyao. [sailae
hma Qvaina iva&ana (Science of Sound) ko kuC isawantaoM pr
]tnaa hI p/kaSa Dalanaa caahoMgao ijatnaI hmaarI
AavaSyakta hO.
]prao> ]dahrNaaoM Wara, hmaara Qyaana dao
p/kar ko pirNaamaaoM pr jaa iTkta hO – p/qama yah ik
Qvaina- p/saarNa ko ilae iksaI maaQyama ka haonaa
Ainavaaya- hO va iWtIya, Qvaina ka p/saarNa trMgaaoM
Wara haota hO. yao trMgaoM iksaI inayaimat isawant
Wara Apnaa p/Baava p/kT krtI hOM. jaOsao jaOsao gaaola
ca@kraoM maoM vaRiw hao rhI qaI, ]saI Anaupat maoM
Qvaina ka tI#aapna(Shrillness) BaI baZ, rha qaa. inaQaa-irt
samaya maoM gaaola ca@kraMo kI vaRiw haonao ko
karNa, hvaa maoM hlacala/ kmpnna (Vibration) kI vaRiw
haonaa svaaBaaivak hO.[sailae ivaSvaasa ko saaqa kha jaa
sakta hOM ik AiQak kmpnna p/it saOkND Wara, Qvaina
ka tI#aapna, AiQak p/aPt haonao lagata hO.
hmaaro saMgaIt ko mauina Aacaaya- va piNDt
vaga- ko laaogaaoM noa maanavakNz Wara ]ccaarNa
va ]ccaarNasqaanaaoM kao saMgaIt Qvaina ka AaQaar
maanaa. t%pScaat\ vaINaa Aaid tntu vaaVaoM sao ]%pnna
Qvaina/ svaraoM ko maana(values) kao inaQaa-irt ikyaa. ]sa
samaya ko &ana va iva&ana ko AMtga-t eosaI
p/ik/yaaAaoM kao Saas~ao> maanyata p/aPt qaI.]saI
vaO&ainak ivaklp ko AaQaar pr, saat svar va baa[sa
EauityaaoM kao sqaaipt ikyaa gayaa. [sa p/kar ko
dRiYTkaoNa kao Aaja BaI Aadr kI dRiYT Wara doKa
jaata hO.
[sako ivaprIt, vat-maana Qvaina isawant,
AaQauinak BaaOitk iva&ana (Modern Physics) ko AMtga-t
maanao jaato hOM. vat-maana Qvaina isawant saBaI
p/ik/yaaAaoM pr samaana Baava sao laagaU haoto hOM
caaho vah p/ik/yaa- kNz, tntu vaaV yaa Anya iksaI ivaiQa
sao sambanQa rKtI hao. [na isawantaoM ka xao~ ivaSaala
hO.yah stYT hO ik hmaaro Aacaaya- va mauinajana
AaQauinak kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND vaalao isawant
sao AiBap/ot nahIM qao. [sailae Qvaina ko [sa kmpna
saM#yaa, p/it saOkND vaalao AMga kao ivastar pUva-k
samaJanaa Ainavaaya- hO. [sako phlao ik kmpna saM#yaa
p/it saOkND vaalao isawant kI Aaor baZ,a jaayao, hmaoM
Qvaina Sabd va ]sasao saMbaMiQat &ana kao zIk p/kar
sao samaJa laonaa ihtkr haogaa.

3.3 Qvaina - ek SaI> (Type of Energy)

Qvaina (Sound), Pa/kaSa(Light), }jaa-(Heat),
ivaVut(Electricity) Aaid kao BaaOitk iva&ana ek p/kar kI Sai>
ko $p maoM doKta hO.AnQakar maoM p/kaSa phuMcato
hI hmaoM saba kuC idKlaa[- donao laga jaata hOM, }jaa-
Wara gamaI- kao mahsaUsa krto hOM,]saI p/kar Qvaina
Sai> yaid ek sqaana sao calakr hmaaro kanaaoM tk
phuMcatI hO tao hmaoM kuC saunaa[- dota hO AaOr hma
yah samaJa jaato hOM ik vah Sai> hmaoM @yaa saMdoSa
do rhI hO.
Qvaina caaho maanava kNz Wara inaima-t hao
Aqavaa iksaI vaaV Wara, yaa pSau pixayaaoM Wara yaa
iksaI AaGaat Wara, Qvaina saMbainQat AaQauinak
inayama saBaI AvasqaaAaoM pr ek samaana laagaU haoto
hOM .yaid saunanao vaalaa iksaI dUr sqaana pr isqat hO
tao hao sakta hO ik ]sa vyai> kao eosaI Qvaina saunaa[- na
do prMtu yaid Qvaina [tnaI Sai>SaalaI hO ik saunanao
vaalao ko kanaoMa tk phuMca patI hO tao Qvaina Apnao
gauNaaoM Wara Apnaa saMdoSa zIk phuMcaa dotI hO.
AQauinak iva&ana ko AMtga-t yah maanyata
hO ik Qvaina ek sqaana sao dUsaro sqaana tk trMgaaoM
Wara phuMcatI hO AOar yah trMgaoM iksaI maaQyama
(Medium) maoM hlacala yaa kmpna ko pirNaamasva$p hI
pOda haotI hOM. vaOsao tao [na trMgaaoM(Waves) ko k[-
p/kar ko gauNa hOM AaOr k[- p/kar kI jaaityaaM hO,
prMtu [sa ivaYaya pr saIimat dRiYTkaoNa rKto hue, hma
Qvaina ko ]na gauNaaoM pr p/kaSa Dalanaa caahoMgao,
ijanako Wara saMgaIt sao jauD,o gaUZ, rhsyaaoM kao
samaJanao maoM sahayata imala sako.vaO&ainakaoM nao
yah sqaaipt kr idyaa hO ik iksaI BaI p/kar kI Qvaina, jaao
hmaoM saunaa[- dotI hO, maUla $p sao ]samaoM tIna
p/kar ko gauNa ivaVmaana rhto hOM –
( k ) Qvaina kI p/balata (Loudness)
(K) Qvaina kI jaait yaa Qvaina ka gauNa (Timber / Quality )
(ga) Qvaina kI tarta (Pitch)
]prao> ilaKo tIna gauNaaoM (Properties) kao yaid
ivastaar pUva-k ilaKa jaayao tao vah Alaga sao ga/Mqa
jaOsaa bana jaayaogaa. [sailae [na tInaaoM ivaYayaaoM
kao saMixaPt maoM ]tnaa hI samaJanaa zIk haogaa ijatnaa
hmaoM Apnao ivaYaya kao samaJanao ko ilae AavaSyak
hO.

3.4 Qvaina kI p/balata (Loudness) –

Qvaina kI p/balata(Loudness) ,Qvaina ka vah gauNa
hO ijasako Wara Qvaina kI p/caNDta yaa inaba-lata kao
phcaanaa jaa sako.maanava kana ko prdo
saMvaodnaSaIla(Sensitive) hOM .jaOsao hI Qvaina trMga
kanaaoM tk phuMcatI hO hmaaro kanaaoM ko prdaoM pr
ek p/kar ka spMdna (Vibration) haonao lagata hO. [sa spndna
Wara kana va maistYk ka, samp-k sqaaipt hao jaata hO
AaOr maistYk maoM Qvaina ka baaoQa hanaoo lagata hO.
maistYk hI Qvaina trMga ko gauNaaoM (Properties) ko baaro
maoM inaNa-ya laonao lagata hO ik Amauk Qvaina iksaI
Anya Qvaina kI tulanaa maoM iktnaI p/bala yaa Sai>SaalaI
mahsaUsa hao rhI hO yaanaI Amauk Qvaina iktnaI p/caND
hO yaa ]sasao inaba-la hO. dUsaro SabdaoM maoM yah
BaI kha jaa sakta hO ik Qvaina kI p/balata(Loud ness)
Qvaina kI p/caNDta (Intensity) pr inaBa-r krtI hO. [saI tqya
kao ek [dahrNa Wara BaI samaJaayaa jaa sakta hO.
maanalaao ek baalak jaaor jaaor sao icallaa rha hO. yaid
Aap dao caar maITr dUr KD,o hOM tao Aapkao ]sa baalak
kI icallaahT spYT $p sao saunaa[- dotI rhogaI. yaid Aap
baalak sao Aaz dsa maITr dUr hao jaato hOM tao icallaahT
yaanaI Qvaina kI p/caNDta (Intensity of Sound) qaaoD,I fIkI pD,
jaatI hO. yaid Aba Aap saaz sa<ar maITr dUr iKsak
jaayaoM,tao ]sa baalak kI icallaahT, Saayad ibalakula BaI
na sauna sakoM. jaOsao jaOsao Aap baalak sao dUr hTto
jaayaoMgao, vaOsao – vaOsao ]sa baalak kI icallaahT kma
saunaa[- donao laga jaayaogaI AaOr AMt maoM icallaahT
Wara ]pjaI Qvaina, kma saunaa[- dotI hu[- SaUnya
Avasqaa tk phuMca jaayaogaI yaanaI QvanaI kI p/caNDta
Z,latI hu[- SaUnya hao jaayaogaI. QvanaI ko [sa gauNa
kao p/balata (Loudness) Wara saMbaaoiQat ikyaa jaata hO.
isatar vaINaa yaa tanapUra Aaid KrIdto samaya
laaoga [sa dRiYTkaoNa kao BaI Qyaana maoM rKto hOM
ik vaaV sao inaklaI hu[- Aavaja bauland hao taik dUr
baOzo vyai> BaI vaaV kI Aavaaja kao zIk sao sauna
sakoM. dUr baOzo vyai>yaaoM kao vahI Qvaina kuC
QaImaI saunaa[- dogaI. yahaM hma yahI khoMgao ik
Alaga Alaga sqaanaaoM pr vaaV kI Qvaina Alaga Alaga
p/bala hO.Aajakla Qvaina kI p/balata (Loudness) kao
baZ,anao ko ilae ivaVut AaQaairt nayao nayao ]pkrNa
tOyaar hao gayao hO jaOsao emplaIfayar (Amplifier),
laa]DspIkr (Loudspeaker), Aaid Aaid. ]nnaIsavaIM SatabdI ko
AMt maoM va baIsavaIM SatabdI ko p/qama carNa tk
ga/amaaofaona Wara irka^D- kao saunanao ko ilae
BaaoMpU / caaoMgao ka p/caar qaa. ga/amaaofaona ka
BaaoMpU hI Qvaina kI p/balata (Loudness) kao baZ,anao
maoM sahayak haota qaa. Aajakla eosaI maSaInaoM /
]pkrNa doKnao maa~ kao BaI nahIM imalaoMgao. vat-
maana maoM emplaIfayar va laa]DspIkr Wara saMgaIt ka
maMca p/dSa-na AaScaya-janak ivakisat Avasqaa tk
phuMca cauka hO.[sa tqya sao saBaI piricat hOM.
maanava ko saunanao kI Sai> va sahnaSaIlata
kI ek saImaa hO. jahaM tk p/balata ka p/Sna hO, ekdma
QaImaI Aavaja kao saunanaa kizna hO @yaaoMik ]sa
saImaa ko naIcao kI p/balata hmaaro kanaaoM ko prdaoM
kao [sa p/kar kimpt nahIM kr patI hO ik hmaaro maistYk
kao ]sa Qvaina ka baaoQa hao sako. [saI p/kar }pr vaalao
str (Level) pr jaOsao hI Qvaina ]sa saImaa sao AiQak
Sai>SaalaI haogaI tao hmaoM pID,a ka AnauBava haonao
lagaogaa.

3.5 Qvaina kI jaait / gauNa (Timber / Quality)

maanalaao hmaaro pasa Qvaina ko dao sa/aot

hOM .phlaa sa/aot harmaaoinayama Wara inaklao svar ka
AaOr dUsara sa/aot vaayailana Wara inaklao svar ka. caaho
yah sa/aot saunanao vaalao ko samaIp haoM yaa kuC dUrI
pr,hma yah turMt batlaa sakto hO ik Amauk Qvaina
harmaaoinayama Wara inakalaI jaa rhI hO yaa vaayailana
Wara . yaid baMasaurI Wara Aavaaja p/aPt hao rhI hao,tao
BaI hma batlaa sakto hOM ik yah Qvaina baaMsaurI kI hO.
QvinayaaoM ka yah gauNa Qvainasa/aot ko BaaOitkta sao
sambanQa rKta hO. vah kovala maanaisak AnauBaUit
nahIM hO. [sa gauNa Wara hma dRZ,ta pUva-k batlaa
sakto hOM ik ]@t Qvaina iksa iksma kI hO? yaanaI iksa
jaait kI hO? [sa gauNa kao Qvaina kI jaait yaa ]saka p/kar
(Timber)kha jaata hO. [saI gauNa ko saharo hma TolaIfaona
pr hI turMt kh sakto hOM ik yah Aavaaja hmaaro ]> ima~
kI hO.

Aapnao kBaI yah BaI AnauBava ikyaa haogaa

ik jaba hma tIna caar, ek hI p/kar ko vaaV jaOsao isatar kao
pRqak-pRqak va ek-ek krko saunato hOM tao inaScaya
hI ]na saba isatar sao inaklaI Qvaina, isatar kI hI lagatI hO
prMtu ]namaoM sao iksaI ek isatar kI Qvaina AiQak
lauBaavanaI va ip/ya lagatI hO. Qvaina ka yah gauNa,
vaaV ko BaaOitk AvayavaaoM sao saMbaMQa rKta hO.
iknhI dao isatar sao inaklaI gaUMja yaa Qvaina kI p/balata
(Loudness), ek samaana p/tIt hao saktI hO prMtu yah
AavaSyak nahIM hO ik va daonaoMa isatar ek jaOsao
maRdu svar ]%pnna krnao maoM saxama haoM.
saaQaarNat: yah maanaa jaata hO ik tuna lakD,I sao banaI
isatar AiQak maRdu haotI hO. [sa maRduta ka inaNa-ya
maanaisak bala pr ikyaa jaata hO. svat: [sa maRduta kao
hma tBaI phcaana sakto hOM jaba hma tuna lakD,I sao
banaI isatar kI Aavaja kao Apnao )dya va maistYk maoM
phlao sao hI Cap cauko haoM yaanaI tuna lakD,I sao banaI
isatar kI Aavaaja hmaaro kanaoM maoM zIk p/kar sao
basaI hu[- hao.yaid tIna caar vaaV ek hI p/kar kI lakD,I sao
banaayao gayao haoM tao ]na vaaVaoM sao inaklaI Qvaina
kI jaait saba samaya eksaI hI p/tIt haogaI. [saI ivaSaoYata
kao Qvaina kI jaait yaa gauNa (Quality or Timber) kha jaata hO.

3.6 Qvaina kI tarta (Pitch) –

saMgaIt ko ivaVaiqa-yaaoM kao [sa tqya ka ina

%ya AnauBava haota rhta hO ik Amauk “svar” kI Qvaina,
dUsarI Qvaina yaa svar sao kuC }McaI hO yaa kuC naIcaI
saunaa[- do rhI hO. vaastva maoM YaD,\ja kao AaQaar
maanakr, Anya svaraoM ka &ana Aija-t krvaanao ko
ilayao, iSaxak-gaNa [sa gauNa (Property) ka sahara lato
hOM. Qvaina ko naIcaopna yaa }Mcaopna ka baaoQa [saI
gauNa pr inaBa-r krta hO. [saI gauNa kao tarta (Pitch) ko
naama sao jaanaa jaata hO.
yah saBaI jaanato hOM ik kao[- s~I va
baccaa,caaho iktnaa BaI ,QaImaa baaolao yaa icallaakr
baaolao ]sakI Aavaaja maoM mahInapna haota hO. jaba
baccao yaa s~I kI Aavaaja kao, pu$Ya kI Aavaaja sao
tulanaa krto hOM tao AnauBava haogaa ik pu$Ya kI
Aavaja maoM maaoTapna hO. [saI p/kar macCr(Mosquito)
yaa maQauma@KI (Honey Bee) ko iBanaBaInaahT maoM
tIKapna hO yaanaI macCr va maQauma@KI AiQak tarta
vaalaI Aavaaja pOda krto hOM.
AaQauinak iva&ana yah sqaaipt krta hO ik
caaho macCr Wara inakalaI ga[- Qvaina hao yaa vah
baccao ko galao Wara inakalaI ga[- Qvaina hao, vah
Qvaina trMgaoMa Wara hI p/saairt haokr hmaaro kanaaoM
tk phuMcatI hO va saunaa[- dotI hO. yah BaI sqaaipt hao
cauka hO ik kmpna ijatnaa AiQak haogaa yaanaI kmpna
saM#yaa p/it saOkND ijatnaI AiQak haogaI vah
Qvaina ]tnaI hI tIKI (Shrill), va }McaI p/kar kI haogaI .
Qvaina str (Level) ko }Mcaopna yaa naIcaopna kao naapnao
ko ilayao, ek p/kar kI [ka[- (Unit) ka inamaa-Na ikyaa gayaa
hO. vah [ka[- yahI hO ijasao ABaI ABaI hmanao kmpna
saM#yaa p/it saOkND kha hO. [sa [ka[- ko Wara hI Qvaina
trMMgaaoM kI AaMdaolana saM#yaa (Frequency of Vibration)
ka Anaumaana lagaayaa jaata hO. [saI [ka[- kao ivaiBanna
naamaaoM sao pukara jaata hO – jaOsao kmpna saM#yaa
p/it saOkND yaa AaMdaolana saM#yaa p/it saOkND
(Oscillations per Second) , f/I@vaonsaI Aa^f vaa[ba/oSana
(Frequency of Vibrations) yaa AavaRit Aaid Aaid. [ka[- Wara
hmaoM yah saMdoSa imalata hO ik AiQak tarta (Pitch)
vaalaI Qvaina kI AiQak AavaRit pa[- jaayaogaI. dUsaro
SabdaoM maoM, AiQak kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND
vaalaI Qvaina kI AavaRit,, AiQak pa[- jaayaogaI.eosaI
Qvaina ijasakI AavaRit AiQak hO vah Qvainao }McaI
saunaa[- dogaI AaOr ijasa Qvaina kI kmpna saM#yaa p/it
saOkND kma hO, vah tulanaa maoM naIcaI saunaa[-
dogaI. ]dahrNaaqa- yaid iksaI Qvaina yaa naad kI kmpna
saM#yaa 500 p/it saOkND hO, tao hma ivaSvaasa ko saaqa
kh sakto hOM ik yah naad hmaoM 400 p/it saOkNd vaalao
naad sao, }Mcaa saunaa[- dogaa .AavaRit maalaUma
haonao pr naadaoM kI }Mcaa[- ka Anaumaana AasaanaI
sao lagaayaa jaa sakta hO.
harmaaoinayama kI pTrI sao inakloa svar ka,
bauiw Wara BaI Anaumaana lagaayaa jaa sakta
hO.baayaoM sao daihnaI Aaor kI pTiryaaoM sao inaklao
svaraoM kI jaaMca krnao pr yah AnauBava haota hO ik
svar k/maSa: }Mcao saunaa[- doto hMO.dUsaro SabdaoM
maoM kha jaa sakta hO ik harmaaoinayama kI pTiryaaoM
Wara inaklao svaraoM kI AavaRit yaa tarta (Pitch) k/maSa:
baZ,tI hI jaatI hO yaanaI ivaiBanna svaraoM kI kmpna
saM#yaa p/it saOkND AiQak haotI jaatI hO.

3. 6.1 @yaa maanava kana AavaRit kao naap sakto hOM?

AavaRit yaa kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND
jaOsao tqya kI Aaor, pazkaoM ka Qyaana ivaSaoYa $p sao
AakiYa-t krnaa caahoMgao ik Aaja ko yauga maoM
hmaaro pasa eosao ]pkrNa (Equipment) ]plabQa hOM jaao
iksaI naad yaa svar kI tarta (Pitch) kao naap sakto hOM
yaanaI ]pkrNa Wara yah pta lagaayaa jaa sakta hO ik iksaI
naad yaa svar kI AavaRit @yaa hO ?
f/I@vaonsaI maITr yaa Taona maITr (Frequency Meter / Tone
Meter) jaaoik ivaVut AaQaairt ]pkrNa hO ,[sa kaya- ko
ilayao ]pyau> maanaa jaata hO.ivadoSaaoM maoM [sa
yaM~ kao ,harmaaoinayama va ipyaanaao Aaid ko T\
yaUinaMga yaanaI svar kao sauQaarnao yaa baaMQanao
ko ilae kama maoM laayaa jaata hO. Baart maoM [sa p/kar
ko svar baaMQanao (Tuning) ka kama kovala EavaNa Sai>
Wara ikyaa jaata rha hO.
maanava kana kovala yah inaNa-ya lao sakto
hOM ik kao[- naad iksaI dUsaro naad kI tulanaa
maoM }Mcaa hO yaa naIcaa hO. yaid iksaI kao yah kha
jaayao ik tanapUro kao eosaa baaMQaao ik ]sako Wara
inaklaI Qvaina 400 AavaRit ko saamaanya hao jaayao
yaanaI tanapUra 400 kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND pr
baaolanao lagao tao yah kaya- AsaMBavasaa hO. haM
[tnaa AvaSya hO ik yaid iksaI sa/aot (Source) Wara 400
kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND ka svar saaqa saaqa maoM
saunaa[- do rha hao tao tanapUro kao 400 AavaRit pr
baaMQaa jaa sakta hO. yaanaI sa/aot vaalao svar ko
samaana tanapUro kao ]saI svar pr baaMQaa jaa sakta hO .
maanava kana tao maa~ tulanaa kr sakto hOM ik Amauk
Qvaina iksaI dUsarI Qvaina ko barabar hO yaa kuC naIcaI
hO yaa ifr kuC }McaI hO.vaastva maoM maanava kana
iksaI Qvaina yaa naad ka Sauw maana (Absolute Value)
batlaanao maoM Asamaqa- hO. yaid ek svar kao bahut
samaya tk AByaasa Wara saaQa ilayaa jaayao tao
saMBava hO ik kovala ]saI svar kao kNz Wara ]ccaarNa
ikyaa jaa sako . maanalaao ik saaQak nao Apnao kNz kao
240 AavaRit ko ]pyau> saaQa ilayaa hO. yah tao saMBava
hO ik saaQak Apnao kNz Wara 240 vaalao svar ka ]ccarNa
kr sako prMtu yah maanava xamata ko baahr hO ik saaQak
Wara kao[- saI BaI AavaRit vaalao naad ka ]ccaarNa ikyaa
jaa sako. maanalaao ]sa saaQak kao 249 AavaRit ko naad
kao ]ccaarNa krnao kao kha jaayao tao yah kaya- ]sako ilae
AsaMBava haogaa. Aba yaid iksaI sa/aot Wara 249
AavaRit vaalao naad ka bandaobast kr idyaa jaayao (jaOsao
ik [laO@T/aoinak svar poTI) tao yah saMBava hO ik ,vahI
saaQak ]saI samaya ]sa 249 AavaRit ka kNz Wara ]ccarNa
kr sako. saaQak baar baar ]nhIM svaraoM ka ]ccaarNa
krnao maoM safla hao sakta hO, ijana svaraoM kao ]sanao
phlao sao saaQa rKa hO prMtu saaQak svar poTI ko iksaI
BaI naad kI AavaRit / AaMdaolana saM#yaa kao, spYT $p
sao batlaanao maoM Asamaqa- rhogaa.

3.6.2 AavaRit saMbainQat saImaaeoM (Limits)

[sa saMdBa- maoM yh jaananaa AavaSyak hO
ik kanaaoM kI ga/hNa Sai> kI kuC saImaa hO.
vaO&ainakaoM nao sqaaipt kr idyaa hO ik baIsa sao kma
kmpna saM#yaa p/itsaOkND vaalaI Qvaina hmaaro
kanaaoM Wara nahIM sauina jaa saktI AaOr [saI p/kar yaid
AaMdaolana saM#yaa baIsa hjaar p/it saOkND sao AiQak
hO tao BaI maanava kana saunanao maoM Asamaqa- rhto
hOM.na saunaa[- donao vaalaI Qvainayaao kao
AlT/asaaoinak (Ultrasonic) trMga kI EaoNaI maoM maanaa
gayaa hO.tarta Pitch) sao saMbanQa rKnao vaalao yao
isawant saBaI p/kar kI QvainayaaoM pr samaana Baava sao
laagaU haoto hOM. [sailae saMgaIt saMbainQat Qvaina pr
BaI yao isawant ]saI p/kar laagaU haoto hOM.
saMgaIt ]pyaaogaI Qvaina kI tarta kao kovala caalaIsa
AavaRit sao caar hjaar AavaRit tk AaMka gayaa
hO.vaO&ainakaoM ko matanausaar,, caalaIsa sao caar
hjaar AavaRit ko dayaro sao baahr ko naad, saMgaIt
inamaa-Nak isaw nahIM hao sakto.
ijasa Qvaina kao hma saMgaIt ]pyau> Qvaina
khto hO yaa saMgaIt inaMmaa-Nak Qvaina kI dRiYT
Wara doKto hOM, ]sa Qvaina maoM k[- AaOr ivaSaoYa
p/kar ko gauNa haonaa Ainavaaya- hO.saMgaIt Qvaina ko
[na ivaSaoYa p/kar ko gauNaaoM pr Aiga/ma
AQyaayaaoM maoM p/kaSa Dalaa gayaa hO. jahaM tk
AavaRit yaa kmpna saM#yaa p/itsaOkND vaalao isawant
ka p/Sna hO vah saMgaIt Qvaina pr BaI samaana Baava
sao laagaU haota hO.
,
3.6.3 AavaRit AaOr tar kI lambaa[-

maanava SarIr ko ivaivaQa AMga,

jaao ]ccaarNa ko samaya sahayak haoto hOM jaOsao
kNz,talau,maUQaa-,AaoYz,Aaid kao maUla AaQaar
maanakr, saMskRt BaaYaa ko vaNaaoM-M (Alphabets)
ko ]ccaarN ik/yaa kI naIMva DalaI ga[- hO AaOr [sa ik/yaa
kao sqaaipt krnao ko ilae kuC isawantaoM ka janma BaI
huAa hO.yao inayama BaaYaa-saMbainQat-vyaakrNa ko
Aacaayaao-M nao sqaaipt ikyao qao prMtu saMgaIt ko
Aacaayaao-M na BaI,[nhoM inaiva-vaad Apnaayaa hO.[sa
p/kar ko &ana ka kuC BaI ivaklp hao, [samaoM dao raya
nahIM hO ik vaao samast &ana,pUNa- $p sao vaO&ainak
AaQaar ka qaa Aaor Aaja BaI ]saI Aadr sammaana kI
dRYTI Wara doKa jaata hO.
 jahaM tk Qvaina inamaa-Na yaa
vaNa- ]ccaarNa sao saMbainQat &ana qaa, Baart ko
p/caIna BaaYaa Saas~IyaoMa nao [sa &ana kao vyaakrNa
saMbainQat dRYTIkaoNa tk hI saIimat rKa. Saayad
vyaakrNa saMbainQat isawantaoM kao sqaaipt krnao ko ile
[tnaa hI pyaa-Pt qaa prMtu saMgaIt ko Aacaaya-,[sa idSaa
maoM ek kdma AaOr Aagao baZ,o. ]nhaoMnao saMgaIt
Qvaina yaanaI “svar” kI ]%pi<a ko dao p/mauK sa/aot
maanao- p/qama SarIr va dUsara vaINaa(tM~I vaaV). Bart
mauina nao Apnoa naaT\ya Saas~ ko AT\za[savaoM
AQyaaya maoM,svaraoM ko AiQaYzana yaa AaEaya kao
dSaa-to hue Apnaa ivacaar p/stut ikyaa hO ik kNz va
vaINaa,yao dao hI p/mauK sa/aot hO.
“WyaiQaYzanaa: svara: &oyaa vaoNaa: SarIrkastqaa .
]BaaByaamaip vaxaaima ivaiQa svar samaui%qatma\
..
Aqaa-t\
svaraoM ko AiQaYzana yaa AaEaya dao hI
hOMM.ek SarIr tqaa dUsara vaINaa Aaid vaaV. Aba
maOM [na daonaaoM sao haonao vaalaI svaraoM kI ivaiQa
batlaata hUM.,

naaT\yaSaas~ -- Bart
mauina”

saMgaIt ko AacaayaaoM nao jaba jaba saMgaIt

Qvaina /naad/Eauit Aaid kao samaJaanao ka p/yaasa ikyaa
hO vahaM hr samaya tM~Iya vaaV ka hI sahara ilayaa hO.
EauityaaoM kI saM#yaa baa[sa hO . [sa tqya kao
p/maaiNat krnao ko ilae va “p/maaNa” Eauit kaO sqaaipt
krnao ko ilae Bart maUina nao dao vaINaaAaoM ka hI
sahara ilayaa hO. prvatI- saBaI Aacaayaao-M nao [sa t
%qya kI puiYT krnao ko ilae vaINaa jaOsao tntuvaaV koa
hI AaQaar maanaa hO. pMiNDt Ahaobala va piNDt EaI
inavaasa Aaid nao,saat svaraoM ko gaaiNaitk Anaupat kao
sqaaipt krnao ko ilae tar ka hI sahara ilayaa hO.ta%pya-
yah hO ik Saas~ ko gaUZ, ivaYayaaoM kao samaJanao ko
ilae, tn~Iya vaaV yaa tar sao jauD,o isawantaoM ka
hI ]pyaaoga ikyaa hO.AaQauinak iva&ana Wara jaao
isawant sqaaipt hue hOM,vao isawant ivaSva Bar maoM
iksaI BaI p/kar kI QvainayaoMa pr samaana Baava sao
laagaU haoto hOM – caaho vah Qvaina tMtu vaaV sao
inaklaI hao,maanava kNz sao ]%pnna hu[- hao,ya ifr iksaI
sa/aot Wara pOda hu[- hao. [sa ilae AaQauinak iva&ana kI
saSa> ]plaibQayaaoM ko AMtga-t jaao BaI isawant ,tar kI
lambaa[- sao jauD,o hue hMOM ,]na isawantaoM ka
Qyaana pUva-k AQyana krnaa ihtkr haogaa.
iksaI tar ko gaucCo(Coil) maoM sao tar
laokr,yaid isatar pr caZ,a idyaa jaayao AaOr ]saI tar ko
gaucCo ka tar,, saraod yaa vaa^yailana pr caZa idyaa
jaayao,tao yah saMBava nahIM hO ik saraod yaa
vaa^yailana sao inaklaI Aavaaja,isatar jaOsaI saunaa[-
donao laga jaayaogaI. yahaM jaao Aavaaja yaa Qvaina sao
hmaara ta%pya- hO, vah Qvaina ko ]sa gauNa(Property) sao
saMbanQa rKta hO,ijasako Wara Qvaina kI iksma yaa jaait
phcaanaI jaatI hO.vaaV pr ivaiBanna p/kar ko tar caZ,anao
sao vaaV kI jaait pr kao[- p/Baava nahIM pD,
sakta.ivaiBanna p/kar ko tar yaanaI ivaiBanna
Qaatu,lambaa[- yaa maaoTa[- Wara, vaaV sao inaklao
svaraoM kI tarta pr AvaSya AMtr pD, saktahO. tar kI
Qaatu AaOr maaoTa[- ek samaana rKto hue Aba hma , tar
kI laMbaa[- sao saMbainQat AavaRit-p/Baava ka gahra[-
sao ivacaar kroMgao.
saMgaIt ko ivaVaqaI- saamaanya$p sao
AnauBava krto rhto hOM ik isatar jaOsao tM~I vaaVaoM
ko, ek hI tar Wara,iBanna iBanna prdaoM pr,Alaga Alaga
Aavaaja yaa svar pOda ikyao jaa sakto hOM.yao svar ek hI
tar Wara kBaI }Mcao saunaa[- doto hOM AaOr ]saI tar
Wara naIcao svar BaI inaklato rhto hOM. svar ka yah
gauMMNa tarta(Pitch) Wara phcaanaa jaata hO. [sa p/kar tar
sao inaklao svar,ivaiBanna tarta yaa AavaRit (Frequency) ko
payao jaayaoMgao. Qyaana donao kI baat hO ik tar vahI
rhta hO,prMtu ivaiBanna prdao(Frets) / saairkaAaoM pr
ivaiBanna AavaRit vaalao svar saunaa[- doMgao
@yaaoMik prdaoM Wara tar kI p/BaavaI lambaa[- (Effective
Length) badlatI rhtI hO.tar kI p/BaavaI laMbaa[- Apnao Aap
maoM ek ivaYaya hO. tar kI p/BaavaI laMbaa[- ko
ivaYaya maoM Aiga/ma AQyaaya maoM ivastar pUva-k
ivavarNa imalaogaa.
Aba hma tar kI laMbaa[- va ]sako Wara ]
%pnna svar kI kmpna saM#yaa p/itsaOkND / tarta sao
saMbainQat tqyaaoM pr ivacaar kroMgao. ek hI tar kI
ivaiBanna lambaa[- va ]sasao ]pjaI tarta (Pitch) ka
saMbanQa,vat-maana Qvaina ko p/isaw gaur(Formula)
Wara,inamna p/kar sao sqaaipt ikyaa gayaa hO.
p/qama gaur --- k K
iWtIya gaur --- k 1/la
jahaM k = kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND
yaanaI AvaRit (Frequency)
la = tar kI lambaa[-
K = iKMcaava (Tension), jaao tar mao sqaaipt
ikyaa gayaa hO.
 = Anuapaitk icanh
]prao> gaur doKnao mao CaoTo AvaSya lagato
hOMM prMtu [nakI Sai> Anaumaana sao khIM AiQak hO.
yao daonaaoM gaur, tar Wara ]%pnna naadaoM kI AavaRit
saMbainQat gauNaaoM pr, p/kaSa Dalanao mao pUNa- $p
sao saxama hOM.]prao> daonaaoM gaur Wara, tar sao ]
%pnna haonao vaalao svaraoM ko k[- rhsya AasaanaI sao
samaJao jaa sakto hOM.daonaaoM gaur Wara imalao
saMdoSa,saUxma maoM [sa p/kar hOM.
p/qama gaur -
k K Wara yah saMdoSa imala rha hO ik jaOsao hI
tar maoM iKMcaava(Tension ) baZ,ta jaata hO yaanaI “K” ka
maana baZ,ta hO tao”k”yaanaI kmpna saM#yaa
p/itsaOkND/ Pitch /tarta BaI baZ,tI jaatI hO. “k” AaOr “K”
ko baIca vaalaa Anaupaitk---icanh [sa baat ka saMdoSa
dota hO ik yaid “K” baZ,ta hO tao saIQaa saIQaa “k” ka
maana BaI ]saI Anaupat maoM baZ,ta jaata hO.AaOr yaid
“K” GaTta hO tao “k” ka maana BaI ]saI Anaupat maoM
GaTta jaata hO.
maanalaao ik tar Z,Ilaa pD,a hO . eosaI AvasQaa maoM
iMKMcaava SaUnya haogaa AaOr tar Wara iksaI BaI p/kar
kI Qvaina ]%pnna nahIMM hao saktI. svat: kmpna
saM#yaa BaI SaUnya haogaI. jaOsao jaOsao tar kao ksanaa
AarMBa ikyaa jaata hO tao tar maoM iKMcaava baZ,ta
jaayaogaa AaOr tar Wara naad BaI saunaa[- donao laga
jaayaogaa. iKMcaava ko karNa,tar Wara ]%pnna Qvaina
kI tarta(Pitch) maoM BaI vaRiw haonao lagaogaI.fla
sva$p, ]sa tar Wara k/maSa: }Mcao svar saunaa[- donao
laga jaayaoMgao. yaid iKMcaava A%yaiQak baZ, jaata hO
tao tar TUTnao kI saMBaavanaa BaI baZ, jaayaogaI.
iWtIya gaur-
“k” 1/la Wara yah saMdoSa imala rha hO ik
jaOsao jaOsao iksaI tar kI laMbaa[- maoM baZ,aotrI kI
jaatI hO tao tar Wara ]%pnna Qvaina kI kmpna saM#yaa
p/itsaOkND BaI kma hao jaataI hO. “k” ka saIQaa saIQaa
Anaupat 1/la sao hO. jaba lambaa[- yaanaI “la” kI
baZ,aotarI hao rhI hO tao svat: 1/la ka maana(Value) GaT rha
hO yaanaI “k” ka maana GaT rha hO. yahaMM Anuapaitk
icanh dSaa- rha hO ik “k” va “la” irSta saIQaa saIQaa na
hao kr vyautk/ma yaanaI ]laTa (Inverse Proportion) bana rha hO.
yaid tar kI lambaa[- AaQaI kr dI jaatI hO,tao tarta dugaunaI
hao jaayaogaI yaanaI “k” ka maana dugaunaa hao
jaayaogaa.
inaYkYa-- ]prao> daonaaoM gaur Wara hmaoM yah
saMdoSa imala rha hO ik iKMcaava Wara tar ko kmpna
saM#yaa maoM vaRiw haotI hO AaOr yaid tar kI lambaa[-
kma kr dI jaayoa tao BaI Qvaina kI AavaRit / kmpna
saM#yaa p/it saOkND maoM vaRiw pa[- jaayaogaI.
3.6.4 tntu vaaVaoM maoM prdaoM ka mah%va –

tM~Iya vaaVaoM kI EaMKlaa ko AMtga-t

,p/acaInatma sqaana p/aPt krnao ka gaaOrva “vaINaa” kao
hI idyaa jaata ho. p/arMBa maoM “vaINaa” maoM
saairkayaoM/prdo/Frets nahIM huAa krto qao. eosaI
maanyata hO ik matMga mauina nao saairkaAaoM ka
AaivaYkar ikyaa. Aacaaya- baRhspit Apnao ga/nqa
“saMgaIt icaMtamaiNa” maoM [sa p/kar ilaKto hOM
“matMga sao pUva- vaINaa pr prdo nahIM huAa krto
qao. [nhaoMnao hI sava-p/qama vaINaa sairkaAaoM kI
yaaojanaa kI. BartIya saMgaIt kao matMga kI yah bahut
baD,I dona hO.
 “ saMgaIt icaMtamaiNa Baaga ek ……
Aacaaya- baRhspit ’’

saMp/t hmaara ta%pya- yah nahIM hO ik hma

sqaaipt kroM ik saairkaeoM matMga mauina Wara p/qama
baar p/yaaoga maoM laa[- ga[- qaIM . hmaaro khnao ka
AiBap/aya yah hO ik bahut p/acaIna kala sao vaINaa
jaOsao vaaVaoM pr,saairkaAaoM/prdaoM kao vyavahar
maoM laanao ka calana nahIM qaa. kalaantr maoM,vaINaa
pr prdo baaMQanao ka p/avaQaana ikyaa gayaa.]sa samaya
saMgaIt jagat maoM,vaINaa pr prdaoM kI inayaui>
haonaa, Apnao AapmaoM ek k/aint(Revolution) ka ivaYaya
qaa. yah saaQaarNa bauiw Wara AaMka jaa sakta hO ik
vaINaa kI saairka-riht Aqavaa saairka-saiht,daonaaoM hI
AvasqaaAaoM maoM,hmaoM ek hI tar Wara }Mcao va
naIcao svar p/aPt huAa krto qao yaanaI ek hI tar Wara
ivaiBanna tarta vaalao svar p/aPt huAa krto qao.[saka
matlaba yah huAa ik tar kI ivaiBanna lambaa[- Wara hI, [sa
p/kar ko }Mcao va naIcao svar ]%pnna krnao ka
yaaogadana banaa rhta qaa. ivaiBanna p/kar ko svar ]
%pnna krnao ko ilayao, baarbaar ]sa tar maoM iKMcaava
pirvat-na kI AavaSyakta nahIM haotI qaI. kovala tar kI
lambaa[- ko p/Baava Wara hI }Mcao naIcao svaraoM kao
saunaa jaa sakta qaa.Aaja BaI [sa ik/yaa ko bala pr, vaINaa
va isatar jaOsao tMtu vaaVaoM maoM, ek hI tar Wara
ivaiBanna svaraoM kao ]pjaayaa jaata hO. [sa ivaYaya kao
qaaoD,a AaOr samaJa laonaa zIk haogaa.
vaINaa,isatar, [saraja,saarMgaI Aaid tntu
vaaVaoM pr taraoM kao baaMQanao ka Z,Mga p/aya ek hI
p/kar ka hO. taraoM kao ek ivaSaoYa sqaana pr
baaMQanaa AarMBa krto hOM.tar baaQanao ko [sa
p/arMiBak sqaana kao tar pkD,sqaana yaa laMgaaoT BaI
khto hOM. taraoM kao [sa ivaSaoYa sqaana yaa laMgaaoT
maoM baaMQakr,GauD,ca(Bridge) ko }pr laoto hue tar
gahna / mao$ kao par krto hue, AlagaAlaga taraoM kao
KMUiTyaaoM pr ilapTayaa jaata hO. ivaYaya kao
samaJanao ko ilayao, inamna roKaMMikt ica~ nambar – 1
laaBadayak isaw hao sakta hO.

K ma sa Ga p

______________________________________
 /
/
ma = mao$ sqaana
roKaMikt ica~ nambar – 1

Ga = GauD,ca (Bridge)
p = pkD, sqaana yaa laMgaaoT . tar ka ek Caor laMgaaoT
pr ksaa jaata hO.
K = KUMTI,ijasa pr tar ilapTa rhta hO va KUMTI ko
Guamaava Wara tar maoM
iKMcaava ]%pnna ikyaa jaata hO. tar ko dUsaro
Caor ka sqaana.
sa = saairka, kao mao$ va GauD,ca ko baIca isqat ikyaa
jaata hO .

pkD,-sqaana “p”sao laokr KMUTI “K” tk tar

kafI laMbaa haota hO prMtu tar kI jaao laMbaa[-, mao$
“ma” va GauD,ca “Ga” ko baIca haotI hO, tar ko ]saI
ihssao Wara Qvaina ]%pnna krnao kI xamata bana patI
hO.tar ka vah ihssaa jaao laMgaaoT “la” sao GauD,ca “Ga”
tk haota hO, ek p/kar sao Saant yaa inajaI-va pD,a rhta hO.
[saI p/kar tar ka vah ihssaa jaao mao$ “ma” sao KMUTI
“K” tk haota hO, vah BaI inajaI-va haota hO.tar ka kovala
vahI Baaga, jaao GauD,ca sao mao$ tk haota hO, ]saI
Baaga Wara tar maoM kmpna ]%pnna hao sakta hO. yahI
ihssaa Qvaina inamaa-Na kr sakta hO. [saIilae tar ko [sa
Baaga kao svar ]%pnna krnao vaalaI lambaa[- yaa
“p/BaavaI lambaa[- ” ko $p maoM doKa jaata hO.
yaid tar kao phlao kI Apoxaa sao AiQak ksa
idyaa jaata hO tao tar kI p/BaavaI lambaa[- Wara jaao
Qvaina ]%pnna haogaI ,]samaoM kmpna saM#yaa AiQak
pa[- jaayaogaI yaanaI hmaoM phlao kI Apoxaa Qvaina/
naad }Mcaa saunaa[- dogaa. Aba hma yaid KUMTI Wara
tar kao Z,Ilaa krto hOM,tao naIcaa svar saunaa[- dogaa.
jaba hma vaaV kao bajaato hO,tao hmaoM lagaatar }Mcao
va naIcao svaraoM kI AavaSyakta pD,tI hO. ik/yaa%mak
(Practical) $p sao yah saMBava nahIM hao sakta hO ik [sa
iKMcaava yaa Z,Ilao krnao kI ik/yaa Wara, hma ApnaI
[cCanusaar, jaldI jaldI }Mcaa yaa naIcaa svar ]%pnna kr
sakoM.yaid hma tar kI p/BaavaI lambaa[- ka sahara laoto
hOM tao yah kiznaa[- dUr haoo saktI hO.
saairka vaalao vaaVaoM kI, bajaanao vaalaI p/ik/yaa ka
AQyana krnao pr ,p/BaabaI lambaa[- ko ivaYaya maoM
AiQak jaanakarI imala saktI hO. vaaV vaadna krnao ko
pUva-,taraoM kao [cCanuasaar ksa ilayaa jaata hO. [sa
ik/yaa ko ilae, vaaV kao svar maoM imalaanaa Aaid BaI
kha jaata hO.Aba tar Wara manavaaMiCt svar inakalanao
ko ile, tar kao saairka pr qaaoD,asaa dbaanao ko saaqa
saaqa, tar pr AaGaat BaI ikyaa jaata hO. roKaMikt ica~
nambar – 1 maoM , saairka ko sqaana kao “sa” Wara
idKlaayaa gayaa hO.tar pr AaGaat krnao ka sqaana ,
GauD,ca va saairka yaanaI “Ga” va “sa” ko baIca iksaI BaI
sqaana pr hao sakta hO.vaaV kao svar maoM imalaanao ko
samaya sao hI,, tar maoM iKMcaava banaa huAa
hO.iKMcaava ko karNa, tar kI [sa mau> lambaa[- maoM
BaI ek svar basaa huAa hO ijasakI kuC AavaRit yaa kmpna
saMM#yaa p/it saOkND hO. jaOsao hI tar kao saairka pr
dbaato hMO,tao saairka vaalaa sqaana “sa” ek kRi~ma-
mao$ ka $p QaarNa kr laota hO.vaastava maoM, [sa
samaya yaid hma tar kao kmpna ]%pnna krnao vaalaI vastu
ko hI $p maoM doKoM tao hma payaoMgao ik tar
p/%yaxa $p sao dao BaagaaoM maoM baMT cauka hO.ek
vah Baaga jaao kmpna ]%pnna krnao yaaogya nahIM hO
AaOr dUsara vah ijasako Wara ABaI BaI kmpna ]%pnna
ikyaa jaa sakta hO.tar ka vah Baaga jaao mao$ “ma” AaOr
saairka “sa” ko baIca hO yaanaI moa$ sao [sa k/i`~ma
mao$ tk hO,eosaI Aavasqaa maoM ibalakula Saant bana
jaata hO. “ma” va “sa” ko baIca, tar Wara iksaI BaI p/kar
ka kmpna ]%pnna nahIM hao sakta hO. tar ka yah SaaMt
ihssaa,,]sa ihssao ko samtulya hao jaata hO jaOsaa ik mao$
va KMUUTI ko baIca maoM isqat hO yaa laMgaaoT va
GauD,ca ko baIca isqat hO. [sako ivaprIt tar ka vah bacaa
huAa ihssaa, jaao ik saairka “sa” va GauD,ca “Ga” ko
baIca hO,saBaI dRiYT Wara kmpnna ]%pnna krnao
yaaogya banaa rhta hO. tar kI yah lambaa[-, jaao ik saairka
(kRi~ma mao$) AaOr GauD,ca ko baIca hO yaanaI “sa” va
“Ga” ko baIca hO, svar ]pjaanao ko ilae ABaI BaI saxama
hO. [saIilae [sao “p/BaavaI lambaa[-”(Effective Length) ka
naama idyaa gayaa hO.tar kI p/BaavaI lambaa[-,]saI tar kI
mau> lambaa[- kI tulanaa maoM , saba samaya CaoTI pa[-
jaayaogaI AaOr p/BaavaI lambaa[- Wara ]%pnna svar, ]sa
svar sao }Mcaa haogaa jaao ik ]saI tar kI mau> lambaa[-
Wara ]%pnna huAa qaa.Alaga Alaga saairkaAaoM pr, tar
kao qaaoD,asaa dbaato hue,AaGaat krnao kI ik/yaa Wara,
iBanna iBanna p/kar kI AavaRit vaalao svar inakalao jaa
sakto hOM.p/%yaok baar p/BaavaI lambaa[- maoM pirvat-
na haota jaayaogaa Aaor p/%yaok baar nayaa svar
inakalanao kI isqait banatI jaayaogaI.
 ivaica~ vaINaa saairka-riht vaaV hO . nayao
svar ]pjaanao ko ilae, baar baar kRi~ma mao$ sqaana,
Asqaa[- $p sao bananaa Ainavaaya- hO. ivaica~ vaINaa
maoM yah kRi~ma mao$ sqaana, ka^ca ko ba+o ko saharo
banaayaa jaata hO. saraod va vaayailana jaOsao vaaVaoM
maoM, haqa kI }^galaI hI, kRi~ma mao$ ka sqaana banaatI
calaI jaatI hO AaOr [sa ik/yaa Wara k[- p/kar ko p/BaavaI
lambaa[yaaoM ka janma haota calaa jaata hO. tar kI
p/%yaok p/BaavaI lambaa[- (Effective Length), tarta (Pitch) vaalao
isawant Wara ivaiBanna p/kar ko svar ]pjaanao maoM
Apnaa yaaogadana krtI rhtI hO.yaid hmaoM p/BaavaI
laMbaa[- ]plabQa hao tao saMbainQat AavaRit yaanaI
kmpna saM#yaa p/it saOkND ka maUlya,, gaiNat Wara
AasanaI sao lagaayaa jaa sakta hO.svaraoM ka maUlya
gaiNat ko AMkaoM Wara iksa p/kar AaMka jaata hO,
Aaid Aaid ivaYayaaoM kao Aiga/ma AQyaayaaoM maoM
ivastar pUva-k samaJaayaa gayaa hO.