DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION

Mabini Street, Tagum City

Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

LET’S BEGIN!

Week 6-7: UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME (ULO)

At the end of the unit, you are expected to:
• Expound the alteration of natural environment due to anthropogenic activities.
• Explain the various types of pollution, its sources, and how to address them.

Focus: Acknowledge the ethical context of environmental issues and the

links between human and natural systems.
METALANGUAGE
• Energy
• Renewable and None Renewable Energies
• Environmental Hazard
• Air Pollution
• Climate Change
• Ozone Depletion
• Waste Management
• Montreal Protocol
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
• Bioenergy • Nuclear Energy
• Coal • Oil
• Geothermal Energy • Solar
• Hydropower • Wood
Law of Conservation of Mass - Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a
chemical reaction—it is conserved.
Law of Conservation of Energy - Energy is neither created nor destroyed—it is
converted between kinetic and potential energies.
Kinetic Energy Potential is energy of an object due to its movement - its motion. All
types of energy can be transformed into other types of energy.
Potential Energy is an energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.

Heat Transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation,

use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems.
Convection Currents are flowing fluid that is moving because there is a temperature
or density difference within the material.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Figure 1 Heat Transfer of Energy Figure 2 Convection Current

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND HUMAN HEALTH
Global Security for Harmonious Coexistence has been influencing factors of global
environmental issues
• Influence from Population and Society
• Influence from Alienation of Science and Technology
• Global Ecological Environment and Human Wellbeing
What are Environmental Hazards?
• Natural hazards - This type of description is well rooted in the literature
but fails to provide a scale of loss. It is most suitable for hazards like
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, where the damaging processes are
truly ‘natural’ in origin because they remain unaffected by human actions.
• Technological hazards - Most threats in this category arise from human
errors which expose flaws in the design and/or the functioning of built
structures or industrial-scale processes.
AIR POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND OZONE DEPLETION
Air pollution is one of the world’s largest health and environmental problems.
Alongside ozone pollution, the main contributor to poor health from air pollution is
particulate matter.
• Indoor air pollution
• Outdoor air pollution
Smaller particles tend to have more adverse health effects because they can enter
airways and affect the respiratory system.
Greenhouse Gases is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal
infrared range.

Air Pollutants Ozone

10%
Halocarbons
12%
Carbon Nitrous oxide
Dioxide 5%
57%
Methane
16%

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Greenhouse Effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere

warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this
atmosphere.
Ozone Depletion
By the same old definition, stratospheric ozone depletion isn't an integral part of the
method of “global climate change”. The latter process results from the accrual of
greenhouse gases within the troposphere physically cut loose the stratosphere.

Ozone is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O ₃. It is a pale blue gas
with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable
than the diatomic allotrope O ₂, breaking down in the lower atmosphere to O ₂.
Ozone Hole Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late
1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's
atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around
Earth's Polar Regions.
Ozone Layer The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that
absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
Ozone Layer Recovery

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

The ozone depletion caused by human-produced chlorine and bromine compounds is

expected to gradually disappear by about the middle of the 21st century as these
compounds are slowly removed from the stratosphere by natural processes.
Effect of Ozone Layer Depletion
• Effects on Human & Animal Health
• Effects on Terrestrial Plants
• Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems
• Effects on Bio-geo-chemical Cycles
• Effects on Air Quality
• Effects on Materials
• Effects on Climate Change
• Effects on Ultraviolet Radiation
International Actions
• Montreal Protocol
• Australian Chlorofluorocarbon Management Strategy
• Environmental Protection (Ozone Protection) Policy2000
• United Nations Environment Programmed
• Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 (and
associated regulations and amendments)
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Recycling is the preferred waste management option, after source reduction, to
scale back potential risks to human health and also the environment, divert wastes
from landfills and combustors, conserve energy, and slow the depletion of
nonrenewable natural resources.
• Preventing or reducing waste generation
• Recycling
• Incineration
• Composting
• Landfill
• Disposal in ocean/sea
• Plasma Gasification
Measures of Environmental Risk of Chemical Substances - Environmental risk
assessment determine the nature and likelihood of harmful effects occurring to
organisms like humans, animals, plants, or microbes, because of their exposure to
stressors.
• Human health risk assessment of chemicals
• Ecological risk assessment of chemicals
SELF CHECK:
• Energy Research Developments : Tidal Energy, Energy Efficiency and Solar
Energy, edited by Kenneth F. Johnson, and Thomas R. Veliotti, Nova Science
Publishers, Incorporated, 2009.
• First published 2017 © 2017 IWA Publishing Environmental Hazards
Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management, edited by Nicolas R.
Dalezios, IWA Publishing, 2017.
• International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol.2, No.1,
February 2011 ISSN: 2010-0264

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

LET’S CHECK
BIG PICTURE C: LET’S CHECK ACTIVITY 1
Part 1
1. State the law of conservation of energy.

2. A 200-kg boulder is 1000-m above the ground.

A. What is its potential energy when it is 1000-m above the ground?

B. What is its kinetic energy when it is 1000-m above the ground?

C. The boulder begins to fall. What is its potential energy when it is 500-m
above the ground? Where did the “lost” potential energy go?

D. What is the kinetic energy of the boulder when it has fallen 500-m? e)
What is the kinetic energy of the boulder just before it hits the ground?

1. A rollercoaster is designed as shown below. If the roller coaster starts at the

top of the first hill from rest, describe what will happen to the rollercoaster.
How could you fix this problem?

4. When you use a slingshot to fire a rock you stretch the rubber band storing
potential energy. If you stretched the rubber band so that it had 100-J of potential
energy
A. with how much kinetic energy will the rock leave the slingshot?

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

B. with how much kinetic energy will the rock leave the slingshot if it loses
10-J to heat & sound?
5. A pendulum has 15-J of potential energy at the top of its swing.
A. What is its kinetic energy at the bottom of its swing?

B. At another time the pendulum has 8-J of potential energy. What is its
kinetic energy?

C. For the pendulum in “b”, what will its kinetic energy be if it loses 2-J to
heat?

6. A 1-kg ball is 10-m above a table when it is dropped. It bounces to a height of 7-m.

A. How much energy is transferred to heat & sound during the bounce?

B. Explain why this ball cannot bounce to a height of 12-m if it is dropped.

C. What could you do to make the ball bounce to a height of 12-m?

7. What is acid rain?

8. Write the chemical reaction for acid rain.

9. What is the pH of acid rain?

10. How is acid rain formed?

Part 2 - Match the correct word to the correct definition.

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DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

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DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

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DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

BIG PICTURE C: LET’S CHECK ACTIVITY 2

Part 1 - In the first column of the chart below, review the five activities that increase
the amount of carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere. Come
up with an idea for reducing carbon emissions from each of those activities, and list it
in the second column.

© EcoRise Youth Innovations & Representaciones e Inteligencia Sustentable, 2016

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Part 2 - As a student, how would you do your part to take measures in the proper
disposal of solid and hazardous waste? Use the given information below:
Preventing or reducing waste generation –

Recycling –

Incineration –

Composting –

Landfill –

Disposal in ocean/sea -

In your simple ways, how does the Environment being affected by innovation done
human beings? Answer in quipper
• Do we have to compromise Economic growth to protect the drastic destruction
of the environment done my human footprints?
• If you are about to make a slogan to protect the environment, considering the
government will use your created slogan, how would you say it? What do you
think will its impact be to your co youth?
• Briefly explain (not more than 2 paragraphs) the concepts being illustrated in
the diagram (See Quipper)

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

BIG PICTURE C: LET’S ANALYZE ACTIVITY 1

Reaction Paper
Answer teacher for further instruction.
Topic 1: The Montreal Protocol of 1987
United Nation’s Material: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/MP_handbook-
english-2018.pdf
Topic 2: The Kyoto Protocol of 2005
United Nation’s Material:
https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/unfccc38.pdf
Topic 3: The Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729)
Link: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi100134.pdf
Topic 4: The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (R.A. 9513)
Link: https://www.transco.ph/pdf/RA-9513-renewable_energy_act.pdf
In a NUTSHELL
BIG PICTURE C: IN THE NUTSHELL ACTIVITY 1
Week/Chapter/Lesson
Date: Time: In the Nutshell Activities:
What did I expect to Further Learning I should
What I have learned
learn? consider

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Q&A LIST
BIG PICTURE C: Q&A LIST 1
Do you have any questions for clarification?

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