Textbook Exercise 3.

2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

Exercise 3.2

1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problem, and find their
solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls
is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took
part in the quiz.

Answer:
Let the number of boys in the class be x
Let the number of girls in class be y
According to the question,
x + y = 10 ...(i)
and y = x + 4
i.e., −x + y = 4 ...(ii)

From eqn. (i).

y = 10 – x
Putting x = 1,
y = 10 – 1 = 9
Putting x = 2,
y = 10 – 2 = 8
Table for eq. (i):

x 1 2
y 9 8

From eqn. (ii),

y=x+4
Putting x = 1,
y=1+4=5
Putting x = 2,
y=2+4=6
Table for eqn. (ii):

x 1 2
y 5 6

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

The graph of eqn. (i) and (ii) can be drawn as the following:

The point, where these lines intersect each other is (3, 7).
It means, x = 3 and y = 7.
So, there are 3 boys and 7 girls in the class.

(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together
cost ₹46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.

Answer:
Let the cost of a pencil be ₹x
Let the cost of a pen be ₹y
According to the equation,
5x + 7y = 50 ...(i)
and 7x + 5y = 46 ...(ii)
From eqn. (i),
7y = 50 – 5x
i.e., y = 50 5 x
7
Putting x = 3,
y = 50 53 = 50 15 = 5
7 7
Putting x = 10,
y = 50 510 = 50 50 = 0
7 7

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

Table for eqn. (i):

x 3 10
y 5 0

From eqn. (ii),

5y = 46 – 7x
46 – 7 x
i.e., y =
5
Putting x = 3,
y = 46–73 = 46–21 = 25
=5
5 5 5
Putting x = –2,
y = 46–7–2) = 46+14
= 60
= 12
5 5 5

Table for eqn. (ii):

x 3 –2
y 5 12
The graph of eqn. (i) and (ii) can be drawn as following:

The point where these lines intersect each other is (3, 5), which means, x = 3
and y = 5
So, Cost of one pencil = ₹3 and Cost of one pen = ₹5.
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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

a1 b1 c
2. On comparing the ratios , and 1 , find out whether the lines
a2 b2 c2
representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are
parallel or coincident:

(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0

Answer:
5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0
Here, a1 = 5, b1 = – 4, c1 = 8
a2 = 7, b2 = 6, c2 = – 9
a1 5
=
a2 7
b1 –4 –2
= =
b2 6 3
a b
It means, 1  1
a2 b2
Thus, the lines representing the given pair of equations intersects at exactly one
point.

(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0

Answer:
9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
Here, a1 = 9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12.
a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24.
a1 9 1
= =
a2 18 2
b1 3 1
= =
b2 6 2

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

c1 12 1
= =
c2 24 2

a1 b c
It means, = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the lines representing this pair of equations are coincident.

(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
x–y+9=0

Answer:
6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = –3, c1 = 10
a2 = 2, b2 = –1, c2 = 9
a1 6
= =3
a2 2
b1 3
= =3
b2 1
c1 10
=
c2 9
a b c
It means, 1 = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the lines representing this pair of equations are parallel.

a1 b1 c
3. On comparing the ratios , and 1 , find out whether the following pairs
a2 b2 c2
of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent.
(i) 3x + 2y = 5, 2x – 3y = 7.

Answer:
3x + 2y = 5
2x – 3y = 7
Here a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 =5
a2 = 2, b2 = –3, c2 = 7

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

a1 3
=
a2 2
b1 2
=
b2 3
a1 b
It means,  1
a2 b2
Thus, this pair of linear equations is consistent.

(ii) 2x – 3y = 8, 4x – 6y = 9.

Answer:
2x – 3y = 8
4x – 6y = 9
Here a1 = 2, b1 = –3, c1 = 8
a2 = 4, b2 = 6, c2 = 9
a1 2 1
= =
a2 4 2
b1 –3 1
= =
b2 –6 2
c1 8
=
c2 9
a b c
This means, 1 = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, this pair of linear equation is inconsistent.

3 5
(iii) x + y = 7, 9x – 10y = 14
2 3

Answer:
3x 5 x
+ =7
2 3
9x – 10y = 14

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

3 5
Here, a1 = , b 1 = , c1 = 7
2 3
a2 = 9, b2 = –10, c2 = 14
3
a1 3 1 1
= 2 =  = ,
a2 9 2 9 6
5
b1 5 1 1
= 3 =  =
b2 –10 3 10 6
a b
It means, 1  1
a2 b2
Thus, this pair of linear equations is consistent.

(iv) 5x – 3y = 11, –10x + 6y = –22

Answer:
5x – 3y = 11
–10x + 6y = –22
Here, a1 = 5, b1 = –3, c1 = 11
a2 = –10, b2 = 6, c2 = –22
a1 5 –1
= =
a2 –10 2
b1 –3 –1
= =
b2 6 2
c1 11 –1
= =
c2 –22 2
a b c
It means, 1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, this pair of linear equations is consistent.

4
(v) x + 2y = 8, 2x + 3y = 12.
3

Answer:

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

4x
+ 2y = 8
3
2x + 3y = 12
4
Here, a1 = , b1 = 2, c1 = 8
3
a2 = 2, b2 = 3, c2 = 12
4
4 1 2
= 3 =
a1
 =
a2 2 3 2 3
b1 2
=
b2 3
c1 8 2
= =
c2 12 3
a b c
It means, 1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, this pair of linear equations is consistent.

4. Which of the following pairs of linear equation are consistent/ inconsistent? If

consistent, obtain the solution graphically:
(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10.

Answer:
x+y=5 ...(i)
2x + 2y = 10 ...(ii)
a 1
Here, 1 =
a2 2
b1 1
=
b2 2
c1 5 1
= =
c2 10 2
a b c
Since, 1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, this pair of linear equation is consistent.

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

From eqn. (i) we get

y=5–x
Putting, x = 1
y=5–1=4
Putting, x = 2
y=5–2=3

Table for eqn. (i):

x 1 2
y 4 3

From eqn. (ii), we get

2y = 10 – 2x
i.e., y = 5 – x
This is identical to the equation which we get from eqn. (i), so the table for eqn.
(i) is same for eqn. (ii).
The line representing eqns. (i) and (ii) are coincident.
So, there are infinitely many solutions for this pair of linear equations.

(ii) x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 16.

Answer:
x–y=8 ...(i)
3x – 3y = 16 ...(ii)
a 1
Here, 1 =
a2 3
b1 1 1
= =
b2 3 3
c1 8 1
= =
c2 16 2
a b c
It means, 1 = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

(iii) 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

Answer:
2x + y – 6 = 0 ...(i)
4x – 2y – 4 = 0 ...(ii)
a 2 1
Here, 1 = =
a2 4 2
b1 1 1
= =
b2 2 2
a b
It means, 1  1
a2 b2
Thus, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

Now from eqn. (i), we get

y = 6 – 2x
Putting x = 1
y = 6 – 2  1= 6 – 2 = 4
Putting x = 2
y = 6 – 2  2= 6 – 4 = 2

Table for eqn. (i):

x 1 2
y 4 2

From eqn. (ii), we get

–2y = 4 – 4x
i.e., 2y = 4x – 4
i.e., y = 2x – 2
Putting x = 1,
y = 2  1−2 = 2−2 = 0
Putting x = 2,
y=22–2=4–2=2

Table for eqn. (ii):

x 1 2
y 0 2
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows:
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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

The line intersects each other at (2, 2).

Thus, x = 2 and y = 2 is the solution of the given pair of equations.

(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0.

Answer:
2x – 2y – 2 = 0
4x – 4y – 5 = 0
a 2 1
Here, 1 = =
a2 4 2
b1 2 1
= =
b2 4 2
c1 2 2
= =
c2 5 5
a b c
It means, 1 = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

5. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its
width, is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.

Answer:
Let the length of the rectangular garden be ‘x’ m and its width be ‘y’ m.
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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

Now, perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (length + width) = 2 (x + y)

But, perimeter = 36 [given]
 2 (x + y) = 36
36
x+y= = 18
2
Also, x = y + 4
 y + 4 + y = 18
 2y = 18 – 4 = 14
14
y= =7
2
 x = y + 4 = 7 + 4 = 11
Hence, length = 11 m and width = 7 m.

6. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two

variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines

Answer:
The given equation is 2x + 3y – 8 = 0.
a1 b
(i) For being intersecting lines, the condition is:  1
a2 b2
So, such an equation can be 3x + 2y + 7 = 0.

a1 b c
(ii) For being coincident lines, the condition is: = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
The following equation fulfills this condition: 4x + 6y – 17 = 0

a1 b c
(iii) For being coincident lines, the condition is: = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
The following equation fulfills this condition: 6x + 9y – 24 = 0.

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

7. Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0.

Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines
and the x–axis and shade the triangular region.

Answer:
x–y+1=0 ...(i)
3x + 2y – 12 = 0 ...(ii)

From eqn. (i), we get

–y=–x–1
i.e., y = x + 1
Putting x = 1,
y=1+1=2
Putting x = 2
y=2+1=3

Table for eqn. (i):

x 1 2
y 2 3
From eqn. (ii), we get
2y = 12 – 3x
1
y= (12 – 3x)
2
Putting x = 4,
1
y= (12 – 3  4)
2
1
= (12 – 12) = 0
2
Putting x = 2,
1
y= (12 – 3  2)
2
1
= (12 – 6)
2
1
= 6=3
2

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 Textbook Exercise 3.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 03. Pair of linear Equations in Two variables Class: 10

Table for eqn.(ii):

x 4 2
y 0 3
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows:

The line representing these equations intersects each other at (2, 3).
The line representing eqn. (i) intersects x-axis at (–1, 0), and the line
representing eqn. (ii) intersects x-axis at (4, 0).

Thus, the vertices of required triangle are (2, 3), (–1, 0) and (4, 0).

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