Textbook Exercise 4.

2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

Exercise 4.2

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation by factorization method:

(i) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0

Answer: x2 – 3x – 10 = 0
L.H.S. = x2 – 3x – 10
= x2 – 5x + 2x – 10
= x(x – 5) + 2(x – 5)
= (x + 2)(x – 5)
 The roots of the equation x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 are values of x for which
(x + 2)(x – 5) = 0
Therefore, x + 2 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
i.e, x = -2 or x = 5.
Hence, the roots of x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 are -2 and 5.

(ii) 2x2 + x – 6 = 0

Answer: 2x2 + x – 6 = 0
L.H.S. = 2x2 + x – 6
= 2x2 + 4x – 3x – 6
= 2x(x + 2) – 3(x + 2)
= (2x – 3)(x + 2)
 The root of the equation 2x2 + x – 6 = 0 are the values of x, for which
(2x – 3)(x + 2) = 0.

Therefore, 2x – 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

3
i.e., x = or x = -2
2
3
Hence, the roots of 2x2 + x – 6 = 0 are and -2.
2

(iii) 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0

Answer: 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0
L.H.S. = 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2
= 2 x2 + 5x + 2x + 5 2
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 Textbook Exercise 4.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

= x( 2 x + 5) + 2 ( 2 x + 5)
= (x + 2 )( 2x + 5)
 Roots of equation 2x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0 are the values of x, for which
(x + 2 )( 2 x + 5) = 0
Therefore, x + 2 = 0 or 2 x + 5 = 0
i.e., x = - 2 or 2 x = -5
i.e., x = - 2 or x = 5 .
2
5
Hence, the roots of 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0 are - 2 and .
2
1
(iv) 2x2 – x + =0
8
1
Answer: 2x2 – x + =0
8
L.H.S. = 2x2 – x + 1
8
= 2x - 1 x
2
- 1
x+ 1
2 2 8
 1 1  1
= 2x  x   - x 
 4 2  4
 1  1
=  2x  2   x  4 
  
1
 Roots of equation 2x2 – x + = 0 are the values of x, for which
8
 1  1
 2x  2  x 4  = 0.
   
Therefore,
1
2x - 1 = 0 or x - =0
2 4
1 1
 2x - = 0 or x =
2 4
1
x= .
4
1 1 1
Hence, the roots of 2x2 – x + = 0 are and .
8 4 4

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 Textbook Exercise 4.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

(v) 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0

Answer: 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0

L.H.S. = 100x2 – 20x + 1
= 100x2 – 10x – 10x + 1
= 10x(10x - 1) – 1(10x - 1)
= (10x - 1)(10x - 1)

 Roots of equation 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0 are the values of x, for which

(10x - 1)(10x -1) = 0
Therefore, 10x – 1 = 0
 10x = 1
i.e., x = 1
10
So, this root is repeated twice, one for each repeated factor 10x – 1.
Hence, the roots of equation 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0 are 1 and 1 .
10 10

2. Solve the problem:

(i) John and Jivanti together have 45 marbles. Both of them lost 5 marbles each
and the product of the number of marbles they now have is124. We would like
to find out how many marbles they had to start with.

Answer: Let the number of John ‘s marbles be x.

Then, the number of Jivanti’s marbles = 45 – x
After losing 5 marbles,
Number of John ‘s marbles = x - 5
Number of Jivanti’s marbles = 45 – x-5 = 40 – x
Given product of their marbles =124
 ( x – 5) (40 - x) = 124
 x2 – 40x - 200 + 5x – 124 = 0
 x2 – 45x + 324 = 0.
 x2 – 36x – 9x + 324 = 0
 x(x - 36) – 9(x - 36) = 0
 (x - 9)(x - 36) = 0
This means, either
x – 9 = 0 or x – 36 = 0
 x = 9 or x = 36
If John has 9 marbles, then Jivanti has (45 - 9), i.e., 36 marbles.
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 Textbook Exercise 4.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

OR
If John has 36 marbles, then Jivanti has (45 - 36), i.e., 9 marbles.
(ii) A cottage industry produces a certain number of toys in a day. The cost of
production of each toy (in rupees) was found to be 55 minus the number of toys
produced in a day. On a particular day, the total cost of production was 750.
We would like to find out the number of toys produced on that day.

Answer: Let the number of toys produced in a day be x.

Cost of production of each toy = Rs.(55 – x)
Given, total production of the toys = Rs.750
 x(55 - x) = 750
 x2 – 30x – 25x + 750= 0
 x(x - 30) – 25(x - 30)= 0.
 (x - 25)(x - 30) = 0

This means, either

x – 25 = 0 or x – 30 = 0
 x = 25 or x = 30
Hence, the number of toys produced in a day will be either 25 or 30.

3. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.

Answer: Let the first number be x.

Then, the other number = (27 - x)
Therefore, their product = x(27 - x) = 27x – x2
But the given product of these numbers is 182.
 27x – x2 = 182
 27x – x2 – 182 = 0
 –x2 + 27x – 182 = 0
 x2 – 27x + 182 = 0
L.H.S. = x2 – 27x + 182
= x2 – 13x – 14x + 182
= x(x - 13) – 14(x - 13)
= (x - 13)(x - 14)
 Roots of equation x2 – 27x + 182 = 0 are the values of x, for which
(x – 13)(x - 14) = 0
Therefore, x – 13 = 0 or x – 14 = 0
 x = - 13 or x = 14
When first number = 13, then other number = 27 – 13 = 14
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 Textbook Exercise 4.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

When first number = 14, then other number = 27 – 14 = 13

Hence, the numbers are 13 and 14.

4. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.

Answer: Let the two consecutive positive integers, be x and (x + 1)

Sum of squares of these integers = x2 + (x + 1)2
 x2 + (x + 1)2 = 365
 x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 365
 2x2 + 2x + 1 – 365 = 0
 2x2 + 2x – 364 = 0
 2(x2 + x - 182) = 0
 x2 + x – 182 = 0
 x2 + x – 182 = 0
x2 + 14x – 13x – 182 = 0
x(x + 14) – 13(x + 14) = 0
 (x - 13)(x + 14) = 0
 Roots of x2 + x – 182 = 0 are the values of x, for which
(x - 13)(x + 14) = 0.
Therefore, x – 13 = 0 or x + 14 = 0
i.e., x = 13 or x = -14 (rejected because negative)
Therefore, two consecutive positive integers are 13 and 14.

5. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13
cm, find the other two sides.

Answer: Let the length of base of right angled triangle be x cm

Then, the altitude of right angled triangle = (x - 7) cm
In a right angled triangle, by Pythagoras theorem,
(Base) 2 + (Altitude) 2+ = (hypotenuse)2
 x2 + (x - 7)2 = (13)2
 x2 + x2 – 14x + 49 = 169
 2x2 – 14x + 49 – 169 = 0
 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
 2(x2 – 7x - 60) = 0
 x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
x2 – 7x – 60
x2 – 12x + 5x – 60
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 Textbook Exercise 4.2 Solutions
Subject: Math

Chapter Name: 4. Quadratic Equations Class: 10

 x(x - 12) + 5(x - 12)

 (x + 5)(x - 12)
 The roots of equation x2 – 7x – 60 = 0 are the values of x, for which
(x + 5)(x - 12) = 0.
Therefore, x + 5 = 0 or x – 12 = 0
i.e., x = -5 or x = 12
Since, the sides are positive, x can only be 12.
Thus, base of right angled triangle = 12 cm
Height of right angled triangle = 12 – 7 = 5 cm.

6. A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was

observed on a particular day that the cost of production of each article (in
rupees) was 3 more than twice the number of articles produced on that day. If
the total cost of production on that day was Rs. 90, find the number of articles
produced and the cost of each article.

Answer: Let the number of articles produced be x

Then, the cost of each article = Rs. (2x + 3)
Total cost of production = x (2x + 3) = 2x2 + 3x
 2x2 + 3x = 90
 2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
2x2 + 3x – 90
2x2 + 15x – 12x – 90
 x(2x + 15) – 6(2x + 15)
 (x - 6)(2x + 15)

 The roots of equation 2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0 are the value of x, for which

(x - 6)(2x + 15) = 0.
This means, either x – 6 = 0 or 2x + 15 = 0
i.e., x = 6 or 2x = -15
15
e.g., x = 6 or x = (rejected)
2
Hence, the number of articles produced = 6
Cost of production of each article = Rs. (6  2 + 3) = Rs. (12 + 3) = Rs. 15.

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