JC Excellente Christian Academy Inc.

ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE.LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL. CHRISTIAN VALUES

Blk. 40 Lot 73 Road 1 Minuyan II, CSJDM Bulacan

General Mathematics
WEEK 6

Module 4
Lesson 1

TOPIC: Exponential Functions, Equations and Inequalities

INTRODUCTION:

At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to distinguish among exponential functions, exponential equations
and exponential inequality.

Lesson Outline:
1. Exponential functions, exponential equations and exponential inequalities.

INSTRUCTION:

Definition: An exponential expression is an expression of the form a ⋅ b x−c + d , where (b> 0 , b ≠1).

The definitions of exponential equations, inequalities and functions are shown below.
Exponential Equation Exponential Inequality Exponential Function
Definition An equation involving An inequality involving Function of the form
exponential expressions exponential expressions f ( x )=bx (b >0 , b ≠ 0)
Example 2
1 52 x −5x +1 ≤ 0 x
f ( x )=( 1.8 ) or y= (1.8 )
x
72 x−x =
343

An exponential equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation or inequality. An
exponential function expresses a relationship between two variables (such as x and y), and can be represented
by a table of values or a graph.

SOLVED EXAMPLES:
Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an exponential inequality, or
none of these.
1. f ( x )=5 x 2 (Answer: None of these)
x
1
2. 2 ≥ ()2
(Answer: Exponential inequality)
3. 7 4 x = y (Answer: Exponential function)
x−2
4. 4 ( 10 ) =500 (Answer: Exponential equation)
x +3
5. 7<14 (Answer: Exponential inequality)
6. y=0.5x (Answer: Exponential function)

EVALUATION:

Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an exponential inequality or
none of these.

1. 49 x =7 2
2. 3< 9x
3. y=81x
4. 3 ( 15 x ) =45
5. 3 ≥ 9x−1
 6. y=1.25 x
Module 4
Lesson 2

TOPIC: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities

INSTRUCTION:

One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions

If x 1 ≠ x 2 then b x ≠ b x . Conversely, b x =b x then x 1=x 2
1 2 1 2

Example #1:

Solve for the equation 4 x−1=16.

Solution: Alternate Solution:

4 x−1=16 4 x−1=16
4 x−1=4 2 (22 )x−1=24
x−1=2 ( 2 )2( x−1) =24
x=2+1 2(x−1)=4
x=3 2 x−2=4
2 x=6
x=3
Example #2:
Solve for the equation 125 x−1 =25x +3.

Solution:
125 x−1 =25x +3
x−1
( 53 ) 2 x+3
=(5 )
53 (x−1)=52 (x+3)
3 ( x−1 )=2 ( x+ 3 )
3 x−3=2 x +6
x=9

Property of Exponential Inequalities

 If b> 1, then the exponential function y=b x is increasing for all x. This means that b x <b y if and only if
x < y.
 If 0< b<1, then the exponential function y=b x is decreasing for all x. This means that b x >b y if and
only if x < y.

Example #3:
Solve for the inequality 3 x =9 x−2.

Solution:
Both 9 and 3 can be written using 3 as the base.

x−2
3 x < ( 32 )
3 x < 32 (x−2 )
3 x < 32 x−4

Since the base 3>1, then this inequality is equivalent to

x <2 x −4 (The direction of the inequality is retained)
4 <2 x−x
4<x
The solution set to the inequality is { x ϵ R|x > 4 }.

Example #4:
1 x+5 1 3 x
Solve for the inequality ≥ .
10 100

Solution:
1 12 1
Since = , then we write both sides of the inequality with with as the base.
100 10 10

1 x+5 1 3 x
≥
10 100

1 x+5 1 3 x
≥ 2
10 10

1 x+5 1 6 x
≥
10 10

1
Since the base <1, then this inequality is equivalent to
10

x +5<6 x (The direction of the inequality is reversed)

5<6 x−x
5<5 x
1< x
The solution set to the inequality is { x ϵ R|x ≥ 1}.

EVALUATION:

x+1 1
1. 16 9 x =1 3x 6. 4 =
64
x 1
2. 7 = 7. 53 x+8=2 52 x
49
x+1
3 25 5 x−13 1
3. ()
5
=
9
8. 4 =
8x
4. 4 3 x +2< 64 9. 1 0 x =10 0−2 x−5
48 x+1 9
5. ( )
81
≥
7
10. 4 9 x =34 32 x−3

(You can use a separate bond paper for your answers.)