Digestate emissions

Reference
Substance Point estimate Uncertainties Source
unit
Digestate emissions—separation process
g per t FM
substrate min 2.7; mode 8; max.
Ammonia 8.00 [1]
input into 26.6
the process
g per t FM
substrate min 12.7; mode 17;
Dinitrogen monoxide 17.00 [1]
input into max. 38.1
the process
g per t FM
substrate min 368; mode 460;
Methane 460.00 [1]
input into max. 644
the process
Digestate emissions—delivery and mechanical processing
g per t FM
substrate min 4; mode 5.6; max.
Ammonia 5.50 [1]
input into 10
the process
g per t FM
substrate min 1.4; mode 12;
Dinitrogen monoxide 12.00 [1]
input into max. 10
the process
g per t FM
substrate min 20; mode 100;
Methane 100.00 [1]
input into max. 230
the process
Digestate emissions—land application liquid phase
g per kg
calculations based
Ammonia FM 97.00 standard deviation 61
on [2]
digestate
g per kg
Dinitrogen monoxide FM 0.02 min 0.0027; max 0.018 [3] and [4]
digestate
g per kg
standard deviation
Methane FM 0.0033 [2]
0.00277
digestate
Digestate emissions—land application solid phase
g per t FM
substrate min 14.6; mode 27;
Ammonia 27 [5]
input into max. 39.4
the process
g per t FM
substrate min 8.3; mode 10;
Dinitrogen monoxide 10 [5]
input into max. 11.7
the process
g per t FM
Methane 0.3 none [5]
substrate
 input into
the process
Solid manure loading and spreading
g per t FM min 244.44; max
Ammonia 247.10
manure 249.80
g per t FM based on [3] and
Dinitrogen monoxide 12.00 min 5.74; max17.00
manure [6]
kg per t FM
Methane 0.95 min 0.53; max 1.37
manure

Electricity mix Vorarlberg—production (green power mix); based on the following Ecoinvent
processes:
electricity from waste
% 24
incineration
electricity production
% 27
from biogas
electricity from
digester sludge % 11 Own calculations
incineration based on [7,8]
electricity from local
small-scale % 20
hydropower
electricity production
% 18
from PV plant
Heat mix Vorarlberg—based on the following Ecoinvent processes:
heat, hard coal
briquette, at stove 5- % >1
15kW
heat, light fuel oil, at
% 20
boiler 10kW
heat, natural gas, at
% 46
boiler
heat, softwood logs, at
% 20
wood heater 6kW
Own calculations
heat from electricity: based on [7,8]
Vorarlberg
consumption mix is
mainly based on hydro
power (large-scale),
% 13
electricity imports
from Germany and on
regional production
(see green power mix
above)

References:

1. Cuhls, C.; Mähl, D.B.; Berkau, S.; Clemens, P.D.J. Ermittlung der Emissionssituation bei der Verwertung von
Bioabfällen; Gewitra-Ingenieurgesellschaft für Wissenstransfer mbH: Bonn, Germany, 2008; pp. 1–172.
2. Laaber, M. Gütesiegel Biogas. Evaluierung Der Technischen, ökologischen und Sozioökonomischen
Rahmenbedingungen für eine Ökostromproduktion aus Biogas. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, 2011.
3. Amon, B.; Kryvoruchko, V.; Amon, T.; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia
emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of slurry treatment. Agric.
Ecosyst. Environ. 2006, 112, 153–162, doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.030.
4. Wulf, S.; Maeting, M.; Clemens, J. Application technique and slurry co-fermentation effects on ammonia,
nitrous oxide, and methane emissions after spreading: II. Greenhouse gas emissions. J. Environ. Qual. 2002,
31, 1795–1801.
5. Lampert, C.; Tesar, M.; Thaler, P. Klimarelevanz und Energieeffizienz der Verwertung biogener Abfälle;
9783990041567; Umweltbundesamt GmbH: Vienna, Austria, 2011; pp. 3–76.
6. Amon, B. NH3-, N2O und CH4-Emissionen aus der Festmistverfahrenskette Milchviehanbindehaltung. Stall
—Lagerung—Ausbringung. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences: Vienna, Austria, 1998.
7. Landesregierung, A.d.V. Energiebericht 2013 auf Basis der Energieverbrauchsdaten 2012; Amt der
Vorarlberger Landesregierung: Bregenz, Austria, 2013; pp. 1–18.
8. Energie, A.d.V.L.-B. Energie-zukunft Vorarlberg—Ergebnisse aus dem Visionsprozess. In Schritt für Schritt
zur Energieautonomie. Quantifizierungen und Zukunftsentwürfe; Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung:
Bregenz, Austria, 2010; pp. 1–22.