Gas Turbine V94.2.

Technical Data for Deviations from Design Conditions

Conversion of thermodynamic design data for other ambient conditions

The thermodynamic design data given under ISO conditions can be approximately converted to other ambient
conditions using appropriate correction factors. Diagrams G.2.3 to G.2.10 depict these correction factors as
curves plotted as a function of the individual ambient conditions. Data calculated with these correction factors
must not be used as guarantee data. Guarantee data for conditions other than ISO ambient conditions must be
calculated with the current version of the cycle calculation program "Kreispr" and the corresponding type file.

a) Output at generator terminals

. . . . . . . . .
PGT-CORR = PGT P*GT1 P*GT2 P*GT3 P*GT4 P*GT5 P*GT6 P*GT7 P*GT9 P*GT10
where
PGT-CORR Corrected output at generator terminals
PGT Output at generator terminals under ISO conditions
P*GT1 Correction factor for ambient pressure per Sheet G.2.3
P*GT2 Correction factor intake pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
P*GT3 Correction factor for exhaust pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
P*GT4 Correction factor for lower heating value per Sheet G.2.7
P*GT5 Correction factor fur humidity per Sheet G.2.5
P*GT6 Correction factor for speed per Sheet G.2.9
P*GT7 Correction factor for ambient temperature per Sheet G.2.4
P*GT9 Correction factor for water or steam injection per Sheet G.2.8
P*GT10 Correction factor for aging per Sheet G.2.10.

b) Efficiency at generator terminals

ηGT-CORR = ηGT . η*GT2 . η*GT3 . η*GT4 . η*GT5 . η*GT6 . η*GT7 . η*GT8 . η*GT9 . η*GT10
where
ηGT-CORR Corrected efficiency at generator terminals
ηGT Efficiency at generator terminals under ISO conditions
η*GT2 Correction factor for intake pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
η*GT3 Correction factor for exhaust pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
η*GT4 Correction factor for lower heating value per Sheet G.2.7
η*GT5 Correction factor for humidity per Sheet G.2.5
η*GT6 Correction factor for speed per Sheet G.2.9
η*GT7 Correction factor for ambient temperature per Sheet G.2.4
η*GT8 Correction factor for part load per Sheet G.2.11 (at rated load, η*GT8 = 1.0)
η*GT9 Correction factor for water or steam injection per Sheet G.2.8
η*GT10 Correction factor for aging per Sheet G.2.10.

mF-CORR = PGT-CORR/(ηGT-KORR LHV)

.
c) Fuel mass

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 Gas Turbine V94.2.5

Technical Data for Deviations from Design Conditions

d) Turbine exhaust mass flow

. . . . . . . . .
mTDO-CORR = mTDO m*TDO1 m*TDO2 m*TDO3 m*TDO4 m*TDO5 m*TDO6 m*TDO7 m*TDO8 m*TDO9
where
mTDO-CORR Corrected turbine exhaust mass flow
mTDO Turbine exhaust mass flow under ISO conditions
m*TDO1 Correction factor for ambient pressure per Sheet G.2.3
m*TDO2 Correction factor for intake pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
m*TDO3 Correction factor for exhaust pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
m*TDO4 Correction factor for lower heating value per Sheet G.2.7
m*TDO5 Correction factor for humidity per Sheet G.2.5
m*TDO6 Correction factor for speed per Sheet G.2.9
m*TDO7 Correction factor for ambient temperature per Sheet G.2.4
m*TDO8 Correction factor for part load per Sheet G.2.11 (at rated load, m*TDO8 = 1.0)
m*TDO9 Correction factor for water or steam injection per Sheet G.2.8.

e) Turbine Exhaust Temperature

ϑTDO-CORR = ϑTDO . ϑ*TDO2 . ϑ*TDO3 . ϑ*TDO4 . ϑ*TDO5 . ϑ*TDO6 . ϑ*TDO7 . ϑ*TDO8 . ϑ*TDO9
where
ϑTDO-CORR Corrected turbine exhaust temperature
ϑTDO Turbine exhaust temperature under ISO conditions
ϑ*TDO2 Correction factor for intake pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
ϑ*TDO3 Correction factor for exhaust pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
ϑ*TDO4 Correction factor for lower heating value per Sheet G.2.7
ϑ*TDO5 Correction factor for humidity per Sheet G.2.5
ϑ*TDO6 Correction factor for speed per Sheet G.2.9
ϑ*TDO7 Correction factor for ambient temperature per Sheet G.2.4
ϑ*TDO8 Correction factor for part load per Sheet G.2.11 (at rated load, ϑ*TDO8 = 1.0)
ϑ*TDO9 Correction factor for water or steam injection per Sheet G.2.8.

f) Turbine exhaust casing

. . . . . . . .
hTDO-CORR = hTDO h*TDO2 h*TDO3 h*TDO4 h*TDO5 h*TDO6 h*TDO7 h*TDO8 h*TDO9
where
hTDO-CORR Corrected turbine exhaust enthalpy
hTDO Turbine exhaust enthalpy under ISO conditions
h*TDO2 Correction factor for intake pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
h*TDO3 Correction factor for exhaust pressure drop per Sheet G.2.6
h*TDO4 Correction factor for lower heating value per Sheet G.2.7
h*TDO5 Correction factor for humidity per Sheet G.2.5
h*TDO6 Correction factor for speed per Sheet G.2.9
h*TDO7 Correction factor for ambient temperature per Sheet G.2.4
h*TDO8 Correction factor for part load per Sheet G.2.11 (at rated load, h*TDO8 = 1.0)
h*TDO9 Correction factor for water or steam injection per Sheet G.2.8.

In those diagrams where the correction factor for enthalpy is not depicted, the correction factor for turbine
exhaust temperature may be used instead.

.
g) Compressor mass flow mCI-CORR = mTDO-CORR - (1 + mH2O / mF ) mF-CORR

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.3. Effect of Ambient Pressure

1.05
pamb
P *GT1 = m *CI1 = m *TDO1 =
1013
.
m*CI1 ; m*TDO1

1.00
Compressor Inlet and Turbine Outlet Mass Flow
P*GT1

0.95
Power Output at Generator Terminals

0.90

0.85

1.013 bar = 760 Torr = 1.0332 ata

Klemmenleistung

0.80
Massenstrِme

0.75

0.70
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05
Umgebungsdruck pamb [bar]
Ambient Pressure

1.05

1.00
p*amb

0.95
Ambient Pressure
Umgebungsdruck

0.90

0.85

0.80
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Hِhe a [m]
Altitude

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.4. Effect of compressor inlet temperature deviation

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.4. Effect of compressor inlet temperature deviation

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.5. Effect of Ambient Humidity Deviation

1.003

45 °C 31 °C
1.002
15 °C

35 °C
1.001
0 °C

1.000
Correction factors for Power P*5

0.999 0 °C

0.998
15 °C

0.997 35 °C

0.996 31 °C

0.995
45 °C

0.994
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Rel. Humidity [x 100 %]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.5. Effect of Ambient Humidity Deviation

1.020

1.015

1.010
Correction factors for Efficiency E*5

1.005

0 °C
1.000
15 °C

31 °C

0.995 35 °C

0.990

45 °C

0.985
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Rel. Humidity [x 100 %]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.5. Effect of Ambient Humidity Deviation

1.035

1.030

1.025

1.020
Correction factors for Turbine Mass Flow M*5

1.015

1.010

1.005

1.000 0 °C
15 °C

0.995

31 °C
0.990
35 °C

0.985

0.980
45 °C

0.975
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Rel. Humidity [x 100 %]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.5. Effect of Ambient Humidity Deviation

1.015

45 °C

1.010

35 °C
Correction factors for Turbine Outlet Temperature T*5

1.005 31 °C

15 °C
0 °C
1.000

0.995

0.990

0.985

0.980
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Rel. Humidity [x 100 %]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.6.1. Effect of Compressor Inlet Pressure Deviation

1.010

Turbine Outlet
Temperature T*2
1.005

1.000

0.995
Correction factors

0.990
Efficiency E*2

0.985

0.980
Turbine Mass Flow
M*2

0.975

0.970
Power P*2

0.965
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Compressor Inlet Pressure Loss [mbar]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.6.2. Effect of Diffuser Exhaust Pressure Loss Deviation

1.025
Turbine Outlet
Temperature T*3
1.020

1.015

1.010

1.005

1.000
Turbine Mass Flow
M*3
0.995
Correction factors

0.990

0.985

0.980

0.975

0.970

0.965
Power P*3

0.960
Efficiency E*3
0.955
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Diffusor exhaust pressure loss [mbar]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.7. Effect of Fuel Gas Composition

1.018

1.016

1.014

1.012

1.010
Correction factors for Power P*4

1.008

1.006

1.004

1.002

1.000 2.979

0.998 3.150

3.300
0.996

3.450
0.994

0.992
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000
Fuel Gas LHV [MJ/kg]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.7. Effect of Fuel Gas Composition

1.008

1.007

1.006

1.005
Correction factors for Efficiency E*4

1.004

1.003

1.002

1.001

1.000 2.979

3.150
0.999
3.300

3.450
0.998

0.997
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000
Fuel Gas LHV [MJ/kg]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.7. Effect of Fuel Gas Composition

1.008

1.007

1.006
Correction factors for Turbine Mass Flow M*4

1.005

1.004

1.003

1.002

1.001

1.000

0.999
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000
Fuel Gas LHV [MJ/kg]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.9. Effect of Speed Deviation

1.050
45 °C

1.040

1.030

30 °C

1.020
Correction factors for Power P*6

15 °C
1.010

0 °C
1.000

0.990

0.980

0.970

0.960
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020

Engine Speed [n/n0]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.9. Effect of Speed Deviation

1.020

45 °C
1.015

1.010
Correction factors for Efficiency E*6

1.005 30 °C

15 °C

1.000
0 °C

0.995

0.990

0.985
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.9. Effect of Speed Deviation

1.040 45 °C

1.030
30 °C

1.020
Correction factors for Turbine Mass Flow M*6

15 °C

1.010
0 °C

1.000

0.990

0.980

0.970

0.960
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

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Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.9. Effect of Speed Deviation

1.015

1.010
Correction factors for Turbine Outlet Temperature T*6

1.005

1.000

0 °C
0.995
15 °C

30 °C
0.990

45 °C
0.985
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020

Engine Speed [n/n0]

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 Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.10.1. Expected Effect of Degradation (10000 EOH)

Gas turbine performance degrades over the course of
operation (degradation effect). The diagram depicts the
expected course of power (P*) and efficiency (η*) related to
a reference condition, which generally is the guaranteed
performance for „new and clean“.
that are necessary for checking compliance with the
stipulations made in item 2 above. Consequently not
only all data pertaining to plant operation, but also
maintenance work and cleaning operations must be
documented in the operating logs of the gas turbine.

The effects illustrated here apply in connection with the
following conditions:
1. Curves are valid for conventional fuels (natural gas,
liquid fuel) in accordance with Siemens specifications.
They are based on a constant ISO turbine inlet
temperature.
2. Operation, maintenance and all other activities
associated with the gas turbine, performed by the
customer, are in line with GT Supplier specifications.
This also includes compliance with recommendations
on compressor cleaning
3. If so requested, authorized personnel of GT supplier
must be granted access to all forms of documentation
4. The same guidelines used during acceptance testing
of the gas turbine must be used for measurements
performed to check the degradation of the GT. Prior to
these measurements GT supplier shall be given an
opportunity to inspect the GT, investigate its condition
and set relevant parameters, for example the IGV pitch
setting. The gas turbine operator will make a relevant
cleaning by agreement with GT supplier (at least
offline washing). The recording measurements must
then be made within 100 equivalent operating hours
(EOH) after completion of these activities.
Even though the degradation effect commences with first
firing, GT supplier assumes responsibility for changes in
operating characteristics that occur in the first 700 EOH

1,00
P*GT10, η*GT10

0,99
degradation factors

0,98 η*GT10

P*GT10

0,97

0,96
700
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

First equivalent operating hours (EOH)

ignition

Page - 19
 Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.10.2. Expected Effect of Degradation: Exhaust Energy (10000 EOH)

Gas turbine performance degrades over the course of operation (degradation effect). The diagram depicts an expected course
of the product of exhaust mass flow and temperature (°C), referred to the following as exhaust equivalent (Q*), related to a
reference value.
degradation factor Q* GT10

1.000

0.995

0.990
700
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

First equivalent operating hours (EOH)

ignition

Additional remark to Guideline for Thermal Acceptance Tests

Using the diagram for exhaust equivalent during acceptance tests for gas turbines guarantee :

1) If a guarantee for the exhaust equivalent must be verified, the exhaust equivalent must be converted to following reference
conditions:

Q * G10
QGTCORR = (mTIICORR ⋅ ϑTIICORR ) ⋅
Q * M10
QGTCORR Exhaust equivalent, converted to reference conditions
mTIICORR Exhaust mass flow, converted to reference conditions *)
ϑTIICORR Exhaust temperature, converted to reverence conditions *)
Q*G10 Degradation factor under guarantee conditions (=1.0)
Q*M10 Degradation factor under measurement conditions as indicated in the diagram
*) Conversion of exhaust mass flow and temperature (refer to acceptance testing guidline) is performed without degradation factors

2) If it is required to get separate degradation factors for exhaust mass flow (m*M10) and exhaust temperature (ϑ*M10), the
degradation of exhaust energy will be divided by exhaust mass flow and temperature **). The product of the division must
correspond to the degradation factor of exhaust energy Q*M10:

m*M10 • ϑ*M10 = Q*M10

**) Exhaust temperature and all references of exhaust temperature are valid for °C.

Example: Factor Q*M10 is read out of the diagram with 0.995. The exhaust temperature increased slightly and the result of
degradation factor for temperature, which is the comparison between measurement and reference, is ϑ*M10=1.003. The result
for degradation factor of exhaust mass flow is m*M10=0.995 / 1.003 = 0.992

Page - 20
 Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.10.3. Effect of Long Term Degradation

1 Application of the curves for long term service Prior to these measurements GT supplier shall be given an
contracts: opportunity to inspect the GT, investigate its condition and
set relevant parameters, for example the IGV pitch setting.
Gas turbine performance degrades over the course of
In accordance with GT supplier, the gas turbine operator
operation (degradation effect). It is policy of GT supplier to
must perform appropriate cleaning of the unit before the
warrant long-term degradation only in conjunction with a
test (at least compressor offline-wash). The verification
long-term service contract. The diagram depicts the
measurements must then be carried out within 100
evolution of two performance parameters as a function of
equivalent operating hours (EOH) after completion of these
equivalent operating hours (EOH):
activities.
1. power (P*)
The change in performance resulting from maintenance
2. efficiency (ETA*) activities (recovery) depends on the scope of the work
which is defined in the GT supplier standard maintenance
These curves provide the basis for unit and site specific
documentation. All implemented parts must meet GT
application. The degradation factors in the curves are to be
supplier specifications. Especially, the major outages must
applied to baseline values which are to be established in a
include manual compressor cleaning of all stages and the
project specific service contract. The plot represents the
implementation of new or refurbished turbine blades and
maximum expected levels of performance degradation
vanes (stages 1 to 3)
when the following criteria are adheared to:
If so requested, authorized personnel of GT supplier must
During the entire contract duration, operation, maintenance
be granted access to all forms of documentation that are
and all other activities associated with the gas turbine
necessary for checking compliance with the stipulations
performed by the customer must be in line with GT supplier
made above. Consequently not only all data pertaining to
specifications. This particularly includes compliance with
plant operation, but also maintenance work and cleaning
recommendations on compressor cleaning.
operations must be documented in the operating logs of the
The curves are valid for standard fuels (gas, liquid fuel) as gas turbine.
specified by GT supplier. They are based on a constant
Even though the aging effect commences with first firing,
ISO turbine inlet temperature.
GT supplier assumes responsibility for performance loss
Performance Verification is done by either applying the that occur in the first 700 EOH after first firing.
same guidelines used during acceptance testing of the gas
The diagrams reflect operation up to the third major outage
turbine or by using a reduced scope testing scenario
either involving 41000 EOH intervals (Valid for V94.2.6) or
(“Operation +”).
33000 EOH intervals.

Page - 21
Gas Turbine V94.2.5

G.2.10.3. Effect of Long Term Degradation

1.00
P*GT10, η*GT10

0.99 Major Inspection Interval:

41000 EOH (Valid for V94.2.6)
0.98

0.97

0.96
Degradation Factor

0.95
η*GT10
0.94
P*GT10
0.93

0.92

0.91

0.90
700

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000

First
Firing Equivalent Operating Hours (EOH)

1.00
P*GT10, η*GT10

0.99
Major Inspection Interval:
0.98 33000 EOH (Valid for V94.2.5)

0.97

0.96
Degradation Factor

0.95
η*GT10
0.94
P*GT10
0.93

0.92

0.91

0.90
700

0 25000 50000 75000 100000

First
Firing Equivalent Operating Hours (EOH)

Page - 22