Design and Experiment of Green Infrastructure (CN76411-001)

Student: NGUYEN THI HOA PHUONG

ID: 202199119
G1-1: Introduction of Green Infrastructure and Low-impact Development
techniques

Slide 1: Introduction

Slide 2:

G1-1 Slide 2 350 times economic development in 40 years

Population increase, infrastructure increase, disaster increase, Environmental

deterioration, lack of energy ⋯

Necessities for a sustainable city

Green urban-Water-Energy-Environment!

Slide 3:

Slide 4:

Due to the recent intensification of climate change and urbanization, water

circulation cities and

Efficient water circulation policy in cities through the spread of low-impact

development (LID) techniques.

Slide 5:

Changes in the water cycle in Seoul due to urbanization

division

rate of change (%)

population density

impervious area ratio

evapotranspiration (million tons/year)

surface runoff (million tons/year) groundwater (million tons/year)

flood damage (KRW million/year)

Material independence (%)

river discharge pollutants

Degree (BOD mg/L)

Green city

Slide 7:

[Classified conduit] Ministry of Environment: Sewerage Management

[joint conduit] Ministry of Environment: Sewerage Management

Stormwater management, frequency of 30 years

[River] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport: 100-year frequency of

river flood management

Ministry of Environment: River water quality management

commercial area

residential area

industrial area

residential area

Urban water cycle management ? 5 year frequency? effluent volume? Non-

point reduction?

Water circulation management of gray facilities such as residential,

commercial, industrial, park, and road = green infrastructure …

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Water Resources, City) &

Ministry of Environment (Aquatic Ecology) & Ministry of Public

Safety and Security (Disaster) ?

Slide 8:

Problem 1. If the amount of flooding increases due to urbanization and

climate change in the future, rivers and rainwater facilities will increase the
amount of flooding. Can the increase and the increase in nonpoint pollution
be effectively shared any longer?
Problem 2. Can urban runoff be reduced to the pre-development state in the
urban watershed?

Problem 3. Is the inundation of local areas such as roads in residential

complexes managed in the city?

Slide 9:

Entrance to Busan National University Station in Jangjeon-dong

Collapse of Naedeok Reservoir in Gijang-gun

spa immersion

hot spring flooding

Slide 11:

Problem 1. Can the city's water supply in the future and in times of drought
depend only on tap water?

Problem 2. Is the use of rainwater and rainwater (rainbow barrels, stormwater

storage tanks ⋯) uneconomical?

Problem 3. Is it not possible to systematize water security and supply such as

landscaping, roads, toilets, and parks?

Slide 12:

Roads that cause disasters and environmental pollution! (Flooding and

manhole overflow.

Slide 13:

Roads that cause disasters and environmental pollution! (stream flow of oil
and non-point pollution)

Slide 14:

Problem 1. Can the road system contribute to the urban water cycle?

Problem 2. Can the road system not be a tool to defend against urban flooding
and flood disasters?

Problem 3. Can a road not become a non-point pollution abatement facility,

not a source of pollution?
Problem 4. Is there no way to make the road system ecologically sustainable?

Slide 15:

Green infrastructure and low-impact development policies?

▶ Water Resources and Environmental Policy Aspects

• Important for urban water cycle recovery The core of integrated urban
watershed management management!

• Improving city flood safety

• Reduction of non-point pollution emissions

• Securing city water resources

• Securing groundwater and preventing rivers from drying out

• Improvement of local environmental ecology

▶ Urban and Infrastructure Policy Aspects

• Important for realizing a green city The core of sustainable development!

• Urban disaster safety (flood, heat wave, environment, etc.)

• Healthy urban regeneration

• Advanced water-energy-ecological connection city

• Creation of green infrastructure construction industry from gray

infrastructure

• Green jobs and community establishment

Slide 16:

Is restoration of sound urban water circulation (stormwater reuse, infiltration

and storage facilities, etc.) being planned?

Is it safely restored to disasters such as landslides and flooding in urban

regeneration areas?

Is it becoming more ecological and pollution-reducing, clean urban

regeneration?

Are the residents actively participating in the project to create a green village?
Slide 19:

Green Infrastructure & Low Impact Development - What is Green

Infrastructure (GI) and Low Impact Development (LID)?

Slide 20:

Green Infrastructure (GI)

• Healthy water resources and various environmental benefits are selected by

society to create more Pursue a better life

• Combining various functions of nature, not only rainwater runoff but also a
wide range of areas ranging from flood mitigation, air quality management,
and eco-energy Technology that delivers benefits

Low Impact Development (LID)

• Development methods to manage stormwater runoff

• Utilizes the environmental functional characteristics of nature and Minimize

impact

• Sustainable water resources by restoring the ecological and hydraulic

functions of the watershed. Technology that enables management

Slide 21:

Justice ○ In case of new city development or existing urban regeneration,

urban water circulation is restored and the existing rainwater pumping station
or

Departing from the concept of centralized management of sewage treatment

plants,

Reduce urban redness, non-point pollution, and carbon reduction through the
installation and management of water circulation facilities

The proposed urban water management technique is called a low-impact

development (LID) plan.

○ This is a land use plan such as complex design, soil improvement, urban
waterway improvement, and reduction of inundated waters.

Non-structural techniques that consider the urban water cycle in each stage,
road/transportation facilities, residential/industrial complexes,

It gives water circulation function (evaporation, infiltration and storage) to

urban infrastructure such as public land.

Water circulation facilities such as roof greening, rainwater garden, permeable

pavement, vegetation trench, and penetration trench It is divided into
structural techniques, and these facilities are collectively called Green
Infrastructure (GI).

Slide 21:

Green infrastructure and low-impact development method

Unstructured Approach: Priority to Utilization of Existing Natural Ecological

Space

Source Management: Management at the source of stormwater runoff

Decentralized Management: Distributed management to facilities in the city
Hydrological Approach: Water circulation by restoring evaporation,
infiltration and retention functions recovery

Establishment of infrastructure: Green infrastructure by

multifunctionalization of existing gray facilities build

Slide 22:

hydrology basics

source management

Distribution of management facilities

Infrastructure creation

Utilize unstructured systems

Slide 23:

division

Existing city water management

Low-impact development type urban water management

Management Approach - Centralized Management - Decentralized

Management

Correspondence location -The end of the drainage area (facility-oriented) -

Inside the drainage area (urban watershed)

Exclusion method -Quick exclusion by pipeline -Minimize impervious surface

connected to pipeline

Retention method - Reservoir at the end of the watershed -Storage in the area
where rainfall occurs

Infiltration Method - Not Applicable - Infiltration in Rainfall Areas

Water quality management -Sewage treatment plant (joint type conduit area)
Rainwater discharge (sort type conduit area) - Water quality management
capacity control

Flood management - Peak runoff management Reliance on rainwater

pumping stations - Total runoff management (site_pre-development level)

Water use - sewage reuse - rainwater use, heavy water and runoff
groundwater connection

Ecosystem - Possibility of disturbance of river ecosystem - Consider water-

friendly and eco-friendly functions Water/thermal cycle - Not applicable –

Water/thermal cycle soundness (permeation, evaporation induction, water

temperature control)

Slide 24:

flow control

rainwater runoff

flow rate control

Detention

rainwater runoff

temporary retention
Retention

rainwater runoff

on-site storage

(of suspended matter precipitation induction)

Filtration

rainwater runoff

sediment removal

(Sand, filtration void media, etc.)

Infiltration

rainwater runoff

vertical movement

(soil penetration, groundwater cultivation, etc.)

Treatment

rainwater runoff

contaminant removal

(Plant environment restoration/ bacterial colonies process used)

Slide 25:

Green infrastructure and low-impact development technology

division Technical overview key technology

unstructured • Minimize the area damaged by development by
minimizing topographical changes
• Protect riparian buffers and minimize
disruption to the ecosystem of vegetation
• Preserve the natural environment to maintain
 natural water flow
• Minimization of impervious surfaces
• Minimize the connection of stormwater runoff
to the impervious surface
Ecological reservoir,
The ability to rainwater garden,
storage hydrologically collect, vegetation waterway,
type retard, and reuse green roof, rain barrel,
rainwater rainwater storage
facility
Flood rainfall control pitched asphalt, pitched
and non-point pollution
Filtration / concrete, pitched block,
management by quickly
structural Penetration
penetrating and penetration trench,
Type
filtering water into the penetration gutter
soil
Repair and
environmental
technology that has Flow control type,
device type
been used in various vortex type, screen type
ways to treat existing
non-point pollution

Slide 26, 27: Benefits of applying green infrastructure and low-impact

development
G1-2. Introduction process Green infrastructure and LID plan and
technology overview
Slide 1:

Current status of GI and LID techniques at home and abroad and measures to
improve the system

Slide 4:

Increase in impervious area rate nationwide due to urbanization About 2.8

times increase to 8.4% in 2020

It is equivalent to 6% of water environment management sub-regions in

Korea. Over 25% of impervious layer in 45 small areas

Slide 5:

Changes in the water environment due to the increase in impervious water

level

Distortion of water circulation (increase in surface runoff, decrease in

underground penetration)

Inability to
maintain
division sensitive damaged
ecological
integrity
impervious area
1~10% 11~25% 26% or more
ratio
waterway safety stability Instability very unstable
water quality very good - good good - good good - bad
biodiversity very good - good good - good bad

Slide 6:

Changes in the water environment due to the increase in impervious water

level

Problems such as quantity, water quality, aquatic ecology, and water use
intensify due to distortion of the water cycle.

Problems in case of rainfall due to increase in impervious water surface in

watershed

Classification type sewer pipe

Combined type sewage pipe Increase in inflow to sewage treatment plant

Decrease in base outflow due to decrease in infiltration Increase in flow rate
and water temperature

Sewage treatment plant capacity exceeded

Discharge after hydraulic water treatment Simplified processing and related

overflow Installation of facilities for tributaries

Mixed with sewage, high concentration

Pollutant stream discharge

Occurs in early rain

Non-point pollutant inflow

River restoration underwater ecosystem

Format environment conversion

Over-capacity hydraulic pressure at sewage treatment plant

Additional cost for water treatment increase

Degradation of water quality in watersheds and destruction of aquatic

ecosystem

Water quality through fractionation and confluence type sewer pipe inflow
reduction and pre-treatment

There is a need for improvement effect and sustainable rainfall runoff

treatment.

It is necessary to secure the environmental ecological flow and restore the

aquatic life environment. <Influence of water environment due to increase in
impervious area>

Slide 8:

Development method with minimal impact on natural water cycle

Use vegetation and soil to prevent rainwater retention, infiltration, filtration,

and evapotranspiration.

How to manage rainwater using technology that promotes

Management method to restore the natural water cycle system before

development

Slide 12:

gray infrastructure

Construction cost of treatment plant other than treatment plant similar extra
cost

hidden infrastructure

+ pick-up

+ Sewer main building

+ Reservoir

+ Reservoir transfer pipe

+ Classified conduit

+ Floating matter management facility

+ overflow water treatment facility

Slide 13:

Development of the water cycle system

04.03 Comprehensive Measures for the Management of Nonpoint Pollution

Sources in the Four Major Rivers

Establishment of legal basis for non-point pollution control

Promotion of testing and management projects

Promotion of research and public relations projects

12.05

Second Comprehensive Measures for the Management of Nonpoint Pollution

Sources (jointly with related ministries)
National Comprehensive Measures for Non-Point Pollution Control Jointly
with Relevant Ministries

Urban sector initiatives

- Expanding the application of low-impact development techniques (Ministry

of Environment, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)

- Enactment and revision of relevant regulations for the restoration of urban

water circulation (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Ministry of
Environment)

- Creation of green rainwater infrastructure (Ministry of Environment,

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, local government)

13.02 One of the 140 national tasks

Task 16. Creating a pleasant and sustainable environment (Government

Keynote 2: People’s Happiness in 2014)

Task 99: Adaptation to climate change such as extreme weather ('14: Improve
capacity to adapt to climate change)

- Details: “Building a sustainable water cycle system”

-> Expand the application of low-impact development techniques when

promoting development projects

14.12 Amendment of the Enforcement Rules of the Act on Water Quality and
Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation

The impermeable layer should be included in the non-point pollution

reduction plan submitted when reporting the installation of non-point
pollution sources. to include techniques to minimize rainfall runoff from This
is to improve and supplement some deficiencies in the operation of the
current system.

Article 74 (1) 2 and 3

14.17 Expansion of green rainwater infrastructure project

The green rainwater infrastructure project will be promoted starting with

public offices, schools and parks zoom in, etc.
Promote a pilot project to achieve zero rainwater runoff

Urban Low Impact Technology Development Research Center

Promotion of a water cycle leading city

18.20

Revision of Water Environment Conservation Act ('18)

Establishment of the 3rd national boiling point countermeasure ('21~'25)

(statutory plan)

Establish the basis for managing the national impervious area ratio and water
circulation rate

The Minister of Environment sets a mid- to long-term goal for water

circulation and manages non-point pollution sources.

Measures necessary to achieve it, such as reflecting it in comprehensive

measures, are taken.

Slide 14:

Seoul: Low-impact development prior consultation system

For 41 types of development projects including new buildings with a site area
of 1,000 m2 or more,

Assignment and mandatory consultation on the installation of rainwater

management facilities

Slide 15:

Zero rainwater runoff complex pilot project (2014~2018)

Quantitative/qualitative rainwater runoff zero project evaluation for pilot

project districts (Ochang, Jeonju)

Expansion of LID and establishment of management foundation through

Slide 16:

Core Strategy 1: Establishment of a healthy water circulation system

Slide 17:
Urban Low Impact Technology Development Research Center (2016~2020)

Implementing policies and securing the basis for LID and GI expansion

- System and financial advancement

Integrated green infrastructure management system building

• Proposal of securing financial resources

system and financial resources

• To expand green infrastructure Integrated management system required

• Lack of resources to build green infrastructure; need to draft

- Advanced design and operation

• Green infrastructure facilities Custom design technology development

• Field applicability evaluation technology development

design and operation

• Considering urban characteristics and environment Green infrastructure

technology standardization required

• Limitations of field applicability verification

- Performance evaluation, inspection and certification advancement

• Korea Forming Performance Evaluation and Development of inspection and

certification technology

• Korean multi-environmental performance and Efficiency evaluation

technology development

Performance evaluation, verification and certification

• Water environment performance evaluation inspection and certification

Skill Required

• Performance according to changes in climate environment and impact

assessment required
Page 23
LID system in major countries
23
❖ Decentralized illustrated design ( Decentralized
Urban Design) and excellent three introduced

Page 26
LID system in major countries
26
commonality

LID
/ GI
DUD
SuSD WSUD
In the case of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia,
Germany, China, and Japan, it is a method to recover the damage
to the water circulation caused by the increase in
impervious water surface in cities .
Various concepts such as LID/GI, SuSD, WSUD, DUD, surface
city, and water cycle recovery have been introduced.
➤ Minimization of environmental impact from urban development
➤ Protection of water systems by mimicking the natural water cycle as much as
possible
➤ The basic water cycle of water retention and storage, infiltration and evaporation
Based on the system, the environment is created through elements throughout the city.
adopt an approach to improve
➤ Multi-purpose urban environment improvement (non-point, urban flooding,
landscape, health, etc.)