WORD ORDER AFTER SOME PHRASES

Word order in a sentence is rather strict in the English language, and,

when it comes to the position of the subject and the verb, it mainly
depends on the type of the sentence (affrimative, negative or
interrogative). This means that if the sentence is
affrimative(statement) the subject must be used in front of the verb,
whereas in questions(interrogative form), the verb(auxiliary) will be
used before the subject , with the main verb following the subject.
(Red reči u engleskom jeziku je prilično strog i kad se radi o mestu
subjekta i predikata, on zavisi od oblika rečenice(potvrdni, odrični ili
upitni). To znači da u potvrdnim rečenicama subjekat mora stajati
ispred predikata, a u upitnim rečenicama, red reči je sledeći: pomoćni
glagol, subjekat, glavni glagol).

e.g. Mary opened a book shop. (statement) vs. What (kind of

shop) did Mary open?

e.g. She was standing in the hall. vs Where was she standing?

However there are cases when the word order of an affirmative

sentence changes, which means that the verb (main or auxiliary) will
come before the subject :(Međutim, postoje situacije kada se red reči
u potvrdnoj rečenici menja, tj. glagol jednostavno dolazi ispred
subjekta ili kad je isti red reči kao u upitnoj rečenici):

1) When used with a verb denoting motion, an adverb or adverbial

phrase of place can be positioned at the beginning of the sentence
(clause). In this case the verb will be placed before the subject, even
though the sentence is affirmative.(kada se koristi sa glagolom
kretanja, prilog ili priloška odredba za mesto može stajati na početku
 rečenice. U tom slučju glagol će stajati ispred subjekta iako je
rečenica u potvrdnom obliku.)

ADVERB OF PLACE + VERB OF MOTION + SUBJECT (noun)

e.g. Here come our friends.

Up the hill went the train.

However, when the subject is a pronoun (not a noun), the verb will
be placed after the subject as usual.(Međutim, ukoliko je subjekat
zamenica, a ne imenica, glagol dolazi iza subjekta , kao što je to
uobičajeno u potvrdnoj rečenici.)

ADVERB OF PLACE + SUBJECT (pronoun) + VERB OF MOTION

e.g. Here they come .

Up the hilll it went.

2) Inversion after negative adverbials

In formal and literary language we can use negative or restrictive

adverbials at the beginning of a clause/sentence for emphasis. Word
order, in that case is inverted or interrogative (the same as in
questions) which means that the auxiliary comes before the subject
and the main verb is after the subject.

NEGATIVE ADVERBIAL + AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

e.g. Never before has he heard such a thing.

Not only do they rob you, they smash everything in the house.

These adverbials include:

- Adverbials with EXPLICIT NEGATIVE MEANING: NEVER (BEFORE),

NOT, NOWHERE, NO SOONER... THAN, ON NO ACCOUNT, NOT TILL,
NOT UNTIL, NOT SINCE, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, IN NO WAY,
NOT a+noun, NOT ONLY , NOT FOR ONE MOMENT , NOR ;

e.g. On no account must this switch be touched.

Not a word had she written since the exam had started.
Nowhere were they to be found.
Not until September did the government order an inquiry into the
accident.

- Adverbials with IMPLICIT NEGATIVE MEANING, RESTRICTIVE

MEANING: RARELY, SELDOM, BARELY, HARDLY, SCARCELY, LITTLE, ,
ONLY+...

e.g. Seldom have we had such a difficult situation.

Only later did I realize that the device had been broken.
Little did I know how lucky I was to live in such a peaceful
environment.
Only when the situation gets worse will they decide on taking drastic
measures.
Hardly had they been half way there, when they changed their mind.

3) Inversion is also used when SO+ADJECTIVE stands at the beginning

of the sentence/clause to emphasize the adjective. That-clause
usually follows after that construction.
SO+ADJECTIVE + TO BE + SUBJECT +THAT....

e.g. So successful was her business, that she was able to retire at the
age of 50.
So dangerous was the situation that the government had to declare
emergency.