Additional Reading and Videos - The Project

Triangle
The purpose of these learning resources it is to give you an understanding of the project triangle.

Essential Reading

To assist with your learning journey, it is important that you read the following to give you knowledge of this
topic:

APM Body of Knowledge (2020), Seventh edition, APM

Chapter 2: Preparing for Change

Pinto J. K. (2013), Project Management, Achieving Competitive Advantage; Global Edition, Third Edition,
Pearson Education UK

Chapter 1.4: Determinants of Project Success

Chapter 5.2: The Scope Statement/The Work Breakdown Structure
Chapter 5.5: Control Systems
Chapter 10.2: Gantt Charts

Whetten, D & Cameron, K (2016) Developing Management Skills, Pearson UK

Chapter 4: Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively

Chapter 10: Leading Positive Change

Further Study Guidance

You need to do your own research to apply the concepts presented above to the assessment task for this
topic.

In addition, see below further readings, case studies and articles which will help you to have a deeper
knowledge of this topic.
List of Additional Resources
Subtopic 1: What is the project management triangle and what are its implications on the project?

Hobbs, S. 2019. What makes a project successful? [online] Available at: https://www.apm.org.uk/blog/what-
makes-a-project-successful/ [Accessed 01 December 2022]

APM (2020) The Adaptive Project Professional”, Projecting the Future – a One-Year-On Update of the Big
Conversation. Available at: https://www.apm.org.uk/media/46673/ptf_wrap_up_paper-v7-web.pdf -
[Accessed 01 December 2022]

Gantt. 2022. What is a Gantt Chart. [website] Available at: https://www.gantt.com/ [Accessed 01 December
2022]

Maylor, H (2010); Project Management, Chapter 4.2 Managing Strategic Choices p84-87; Pearson Education
Limited.

Larson, R. and Larson, E. 2009. Top five causes of scope creep…and what to do about them. [online]
Available at: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/top-five-causes-scope-creep-6675 [Accessed 01
December 2022]

Pollack, J., Helm, J. and Adler, D. (2018), "What is the Iron Triangle, and how has it changed?", International
Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 527-547. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-09-2017-0107 [Accessed 01 December 2022]

José G Q; Agustí S B; Mercedes T; (2018) Financial constraints and the failure of innovation projects;
Technological Forecasting & Social Change. February 2018 127:127-140. Available at:
http://resolver.ebscohost.com/openurl?sid=EBSCO:edselp&genre=article&issn=00401625&ISBN=&volume=
127&issue=&date=20180201&spage=127&pages=127-
140&title=Technological%20Forecasting%20&%20Social%20Change&atitle=Financial%20constraints%20and
%20the%20failure%20of%20innovation%20projects&aulast=Garc%C3%ADa-
Quevedo%2C%20Jos%C3%A9&id=DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.029 [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Smartsheet. 2022. [website] Available at: www.smartsheet.com [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Tuner M; (2016) Beyond the iron triangle: reflections of an early career academic; International Journal of
Managing Projects in Business, 2016, Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp. 892-902. Available at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJMPB-01-2016-0005/full/pdf?title=beyond-the-
iron-triangle-reflections-of-an-early-career-academic [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Work Breakdown Structure. 2022. [website] Available at: https://www.workbreakdownstructure.com/

[Accessed 01 December 2022]
Subtopic 2: How do we manage constraints within a standard project?

Alvarez T R; Yamasaki Sato C E; Rumy H. Responsible Project Management: Beyond the Triple Constraints;
Journal of Modern Project Management. May-Aug2016, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p80-93. Available at:
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=8ae5dff3-856a-4a96-9361-
3cff08e061e8%40redis [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Berthaut F; Pellerin, R; Perrier, N; Hajii, A (2019); The Impact of Project Characteristics on the Efficiency of
Activity Overlapping in Project Scheduling Journal of Modern Project Management. May-Aug2019, Vol. 7
Issue 1, p72-101. Available at: https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=32624e1d-
9b6a-4629-a7fa-91a2f1d7ebb9%40redis [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Blackstone J H, Cox J F, Schleier J G; (2009) A tutorial on project management from a theory of

constraints perspective. International Journal of Production Research; Vol. 47, No. 24, 15 December 2009,
7029–7046. Available at: https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=8090d2b9-8bf6-
422b-9162-c3ecdc5a043e%40redis [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Browning, Tyson R.; Yassine, Ali A. (2016) Managing a Portfolio of Product Development Projects under
Resource Constraints Decision Sciences. Apr2016, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p333-372 – available at
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=de4734ac-b9c2-4b51-840c-
a70cb180db7f%40sessionmgr4007 [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Frank, P (2006), AMA Handbook of Project Management. Chapter 28, Multi-Project Constraint Management:
The “Critical Chain” Approach, p363-371 – available at
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=0ada9280-e759-4b88-85ea-
b2a9c8e4653d%40redis [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Malsam, W. 2018. 5 Notorious Failed Projects & What We Can Learn From Them. [online] Available at:
https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/failed-projects [Accessed 01 December 2022]

The Project Management Blueprint. 2019. Scope and the Triple Constraints of Quality-Time-Cost. [online]
Available at: https://www.theprojectmanagementblueprint.com/blog/project-overview/scope-and-the-
triple-contraints-of-quality-time-cost?rq=triple%20constraints [Accessed 01 December 2022]
Subtopic 3: How do we appraise the impact of change on a project?

APM (2020), APM Body of Knowledge, Ch 1.2.1; Seventh edition, APM

Boddy, D (2014) Management – An Introduction, Chapter 13, Creativity, Innovation and Change; Sixth
Edition, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, UK

Gunduz M; Mohammad, K O; (2020) Assessment of Change Order Impact Factors on Construction Project
Performance Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technological & Economic Development of Economy.
2020, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p71-85. Available at:
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=9eee27bd-b916-4d79-87e1-
1ec96cdc919b%40redis [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Jenkin, T A.; Chan, Y E.; Sabherwal, R; (2019) Mutual Understanding in Information Development: Change
Within Across Changes Within and Across Project; MIS Quarterly, Jun2019, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p649-671,
Publisher: MIS Quarterly. Available at:
https://misq.umn.edu/skin/frontend/default/misq/pdf/appendices/2019/V43I2Appendices/13_13980_RA_J
enkinChanAppendices.pdf [Accessed 01 December 2022]

Parker D; Charlton J; Ribeiro A; Pathak R D (2013) Integration of project-based management and change
management: Intervention methodology. International Journal of Productivity and Performance
Management, 2013, Vol. 62, Issue 5, pp. 534-544.; Emerald Group Publishing Limited. July 22, 2013.
Available at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPPM-10-2012-0108/full/html
[Accessed 01 December 2022]

Katalin P, Pataki B, Sebestyen Z (2017) Bringing project and change management roles into sync; Journal of
Organizational Change Management, 2017Vol. 30, Issue 5, pp. 797-822.; Emerald Publishing Limited.
Available at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JOCM-07-2016-0128/full/html
[Accessed 01 December 2022]

Visual Paradigm Online. 2022. Lewin’s Change Model. [online] Available at: https://online.visual-
paradigm.com/diagrams/templates/lewins-change-model/lewins-change-model/ [Accessed 01 December
2022]

Vuorinen L; Martinsuo M M; (2017) Lifecycle view of managing different changes in projects International
Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2019, Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 120-143. Available at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJMPB-11-2017-0135/full/html [Accessed 01
December 2022]

Wilson F (2010) Organisational Behaviour and Work – A Critical Introduction, Ch 14; All Change? Third
Edition, Oxford University Press, New York.

Visual Paradigm Online. 2022. Kotter’s 8-step change model template. Available at:
https://online.visual-paradigm.com/pt/diagrams/templates/kotters-8-step-change-model/kotters-8-step-
change-model-template/ [Accessed 01 December 2022]
Case Studies
These are case studies which will give you a broad understanding of how some of the concepts presented in
this topic are applied in the real world.

Giles, C. (2020) The Expensive Case of England’s Test and Trace. Available at:
https://www.ft.com/content/5dc5184e-0f6c-47db-a730-d173539c2d36 [Accessed 02 December 2022]
Plimmer, G. (2020) Bill for pair of Carillion hospital projects doubles. Available at:
https://www.ft.com/content/69fad818-385e-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4 [Accessed 02 December 2022]

Plimmer, G. (2020) Department for Transport kept back vital HS2 failings. Available at:
https://www.ft.com/content/d8165ec0-1d61-4208-95ad-bb5c9b212407 [Accessed 02 December 2022]

Levenson, E. (2008) Citizen Nike Fortune 500 Series,11/24/2008, Vol. 158 Issue 10, p165-170. Available at:
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=ec2f1723-71b7-4220-b985-
46aa2ea24631%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=35223158&db=bth [Accessed 02
December 2022]

Winch, G. & Cha, J. (2020) Owner challenges on major projects: The case of UK government; International
Journal of Project Management. April 2020 38(3):177-187. Available at:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263786320300168?via%3Dihub [Accessed 02
December 2022]