MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 5

STEAM POWER PLANT

5
Estrada, Roubenj S. Date of Performance: Jan 18, 2023

ME152L-2 / C2 Date of Submission: Jan 24, 2023

2019151005

Engr. Teodulo A. Valle

INSTRUCTOR
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

OBJECTIVES 1

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLE 1

LIST OF APPARATUS 3

PROCEDURE 3

SET-UP OF APPARATUS 4

FINAL DATA SHEET 5

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS 6

TEST DATA ANALYSIS 7

QUESTION AND ANSWERS 8

CONCLUSION 9

RECOMMENDATION 9

REFERENCES 9
OBJECTIVES

1. To become knowledgeable with the fundamental principles behind the operation of a

steam engine.

2. To compute the various steam plant parameters.

THEORY AND PRINCIPLE

A steam power plant comprises a boiler, steam turbine, generator, and various auxiliary

components. The boiler produces high-pressure, high-temperature steam. The steam turbine

transforms steam thermal energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is subsequently

converted into electric power via the generator.

A steam power plant's basic working concept is the Rankine cycle. The heat from coal

combustion is used to generate steam in the boiler. The steam is then expanded in the primary

mover (steam turbine) and condensed in a condenser before returning to the boiler. The steam

turbine powers the alternator, which transforms the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical

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energy. This type of power plant is appropriate where there is an abundance of coal and water, and

a considerable volume of electric power is required.

Steam power plants' total thermal efficiency typically begins at 33%. The efficiency of sub-

critical steam power plants that operate at critical pressures generally vary between 36-40%.

Supercritical steam power plants, on the other hand, have efficiency of approximately 43%. The

following formulae were used in this experiment to calculate the efficiency of the Mapua

University steam power plant.

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LIST OF APPARATUS

1. TH 136 Compact Steam

Turbine Power plant

PROCEDURE

1. Set the driving turbine connected to the generator.

2. Start the boiler and let it accumulate steam pressure.

3. Allow steam to enter the turbine by opening the primary steam valve.

4. Check the line voltage and adjust the generator's rheostat.

5. Apply a load to the first try and measure the voltage and current.

6. Allow the steam pressure to decrease in the same trial, then restart the boiler while timing

the on-off procedure.

7. When the trial is over, use the application to record all of the values displayed on the

monitor.

8. Steps 1–7 must be repeated for each subsequent trial.

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SET-UP OF APPARATUS

4
FINAL DATA SHEET

Obtained Data
Electrical load V 143.4
I 0.32
Power 43
Fuel Flow mL 652.1
Time (sec) 296.1
mf 0.00185
Feed water flow L 12.2
Time (sec) 904.8
Ws (kg/s) 0.0135
Mw (L/min) 195.51
P2 (kg/cm^2) 5.04
Temperature T1 27
T4 157
T5 110
T6 46
T7 42
T8 47
T9 148
Tw 29
Speed N1 10353
N2 1417

Theoretical Actual

Boiler efficiency 44.35% 44.44%

Turbine efficiency __________ 26.259%

Overall powerplant efficiency with a generator 0.05% 0.057%

Condenser heat transfer efficiency 190.41% 202.2565%

Cooling efficiency of cooling tower 26.857% 27.778%

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COMPUTATION

Using steam table at T1=27 ° C

ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑓𝑎𝑡27° 𝐶 = 113.19
ℎ1 = ℎ0 + 𝑉𝑓@𝑇1 (𝑃2 − 𝑃𝑎 )

𝑘𝑔 98.0665 𝑘𝑃𝑎
5.04 ( ) = 494.2552 𝑘𝑝𝑎
𝑐𝑚2 𝑘𝑔
1
𝑐𝑚2
𝑚3 𝒌𝑱
ℎ1 = 113.19 + 1.0035𝑥10−3 (494.2552 𝑘𝑝𝑎 − 101.325) = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟒
𝑘𝑔 𝒌𝒈
ℎ2 = ℎ3
𝑎𝑡 𝑃 = 0.4942552 𝑚𝑃𝑎
0.50 − 0.4942552 2748.1 − ℎ2 6.8207 − 𝑠𝑔
= =
0.50 − 0.48 2748.1 − 2746.3 6.8207 − 6.8344
𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝟑 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟖 𝒔𝟐 = 𝒔𝟑 = 𝒔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟐𝟒𝟔
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲
𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑓4@𝑇5 + 𝑥4 𝑠𝑓𝑔@𝑇5
𝑇5 = 110° C
6.8246 = 1.4188 + 𝑥4 (5.8193); 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟖𝟗
ℎ4𝑠 = ℎ𝑓@𝑇5 + 𝑥4 ℎ𝑓𝑔@𝑇5
𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟒𝒔 = 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟓 𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟏. 𝟏 𝒉𝟓 = 𝒉𝒇@𝑻𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗𝟐. 𝟔𝟐
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝑊𝑠 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) 0.0135(2747.58 − 113.584)
𝜂𝐵 = = ∗ 100% = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟒%
𝑚𝑓 (𝐻𝑉𝑓 ) 0.00185(43,249)
ℎ2 − ℎ4 2747.58 − 2691.1
𝑛𝑇 = ∗ 100% = ∗ 100% = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟗%
ℎ2 − ℎ4𝑠 2747.58 − 2532.495
1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑝(𝑇8 − 𝑇7) 195.51 ( 60𝑠 ) ∗ 4.187(47 − 42)
𝑛𝑐 = = ∗ 100% = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟓%
𝑚𝑐 (ℎ4 − ℎ5 ) 0.0135(2691.1 − 192.62)
𝑇8 − 𝑇7 47 − 42
𝑛𝐶𝑇 = = ∗ 100 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟖%
𝑇8 − 𝑇𝑊 47 − 29
1
𝐼𝑉 (0.32)(143.4) ( )
𝑛𝑜𝐴 = = 1000 ∗ 100% = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟕%
𝑚𝑓 𝑥𝑄𝑓 0.00185(43,249)

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TEST DATA ANALYSIS

After obtaining the data during the steam turbine power plant operation, we can now

compare the plant's theoretical and actual efficiency. Using the data gathered, we can find the

following enthalpies, which enables us to solve for the actual efficiencies. After solving for the

actual efficiency, there are minor differences between the actual and theoretical efficiency of the

cooling tower efficiency which is also the same as the actual efficiency of the condenser.

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Why the rankine cycle is widely used in power plants?

Because a fuel is used to generate heat within a boiler, transforming water into steam,

which then expands through a turbine, providing useful work.

2. What is the function of a reheater in a steam turbine?

The reheat cycle increases the turbine work and, as a result, the cycle's net work. This is

performed by splitting the turbine expansion into two or more portions with constant

pressure heating before each expansion, rather than modifying the compressor work or the

turbine input temperature.

3. What will happen if there is moisture in the steam turbine?

Steam wetness in such turbines is commonly recognized to be doubly destructive, resulting

in both efficiency loss and mechanical damage (erosion, etc.) to machine components.

4. What are the advantages of reheat cycle?

The benefits of adopting a reheat cycle include increased thermal efficiency, lower feed

water pump power, a smaller condenser, a smaller boiler, a longer turbine life, and less fuel

and fire handling.

5. What are the advantages of open heater?

Open heaters are less expensive than closed heaters because the feedwater temperature is

lower in closed heaters.

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CONCLUSION

In this experiment the students are able to familiarize the basic operation of a steam power

plant and the different function of each component since the experiment shows how the steam

power plant is operated in a various rpm of the turbine. Also, the students were able to obtain the

different parameters of steam plants and also compare the actual and theoretical efficiency of the

plant. I concluded that the objectives of this experiment are completed after the experiment.

RECOMMENDATION

I recommend that while operating the steam power plant the students should have their

respective PPE to ensure the safety of the students inside the lab.

REFERENCE