“To what extent does the levels of pollution affect the

CHRIST KENGERI CAMPUS and how the growth of

lichen was affected”?

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND…………………3
2.
HYPOTHESIS………………………………
………………………….5
3. EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLES…………………………….6
4. SAFTEY/ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS………………7
5. REQUIRED LIST OF MATERIALS FOR
THE
EXPERIMENT………………………………
………………………………7
6.
PROCEDURE………………………………
…………………………7
7. TABULATED
DATA…………………………………………
… 8 8. PROCESSED
DATA…………………………………………
….11
9.
ANALYSIS…………………………………
……………………………13
10.
CONCLUSION………………………………
………………………14
11. DISSCUSSION AND
EVALUATION………………….15
12. STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES………………….15
13. LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY………………………….16
14. APPLICATION / POTENTIAL
SOLUTION……….17
15.
BIBILOGRAPHY……………………………
…………………….18
16.
APPENDIX…………………………………
………………………….18
Environmental issue: -
Impact of AIR POLLUTION in the CHRIST
Kengeri campus with the lichens.

Research question: -
To what extent does the levels of pollution
affect the CHRIST KENGERI CAMPUS and
how the growth of lichen was affected?

Introduction and Background: -

As now today our situation is very bad and
getting even worse and worse every day and
the world is consuming the resources, further
leads to pollution by the pollutants and it
reaches beyond its tipping point. Going into
the topic air pollution which causes many
problems like health issues, sometimes it may
cause death [For EX: - In the case Bhopal gas
tragedy in 1984] and in a point air pollution
affect the marine ecosystem and now see the
position of Delhi in India there is a lack of
oxygen to breathe in the city.

As a student studying in Bangalore, most of

the Bangalore city has the lack of oxygen to
breathe. One of the such example is
Bangalore. The main causes are Vehicular
traffic and emission and burning of waste
contributing 25% each and rest by
construction dust. For the years the Bangalore
is the capital of Karnataka and it is a
metropolitan city as the constructions are
increasing significantly day by day and there
is decrease in oxygen in the air.

As my college is located in the outskirts of the

Bangalore and I was aware of the air pollution
in the campus and the outskirts of the
Bangalore city. In the college, the air (oxygen)
is very fresh although around 50%-60% is
with greenery and it is a non-point source of
pollution including the condition in Bangalore.
Our college is around 3km in a circle where
there may be is no pollution inside the campus
and there is no scarcity of abiotic resources
but any how the population is growing
significantly and the usage of vehicles will be
increased. I will be surveying the pollution in
campus with lichens.

Hypothesis: -

Survey Hypothesis: -
Investigating 10 different plants and each with
six trails on the basis of pollution with the
types of lichens (indicators).

Null Hypothesis: -
Investigation on 10 different plants with the
lichens and the how significantly it affected?

Experimental Variables: -
 Named Equipment Justificatio
variables or procedure n
and unit for
Measuremen
t
Of control
Independen Amount - This we
t of cannot stop
pollution and there
will be
major
changes in
growth of
the lichens.
Dependent Lichens - Because it
is my part
of research
which it is
the
indicator of
pollution.
Control 1.Pollutio - Pollution
n we cannot
2.Area of control
taken completely
 only but a
period of
time.
This may
not be
accurate.

Safety/Ethical considerations: -
While doing the survey I was very anxiety to
collect the data fast and in a sudden I was
about to fall on the road but then I had a
accompany with me and I was safe. Also, the
wore the gloves during the experiment
because to check the growth or area occupied
by lichen on the plant also there may be
pesticides and the sprays of DDT may be
present on the plant.

Required materials for the experiment: -

1. Pen – 1
2. White Book – 1
3. Ruler – 1
4. Glove -2
5. Pictures of lichens -3

Procedure: -
 The plants from which I chosen were
identified.
 The data which I collected it is updated
in the IA.
 The plants which I have taken on the
basis of the lichens and the pollution.
 Testing which plant’s lichen was more
polluted.
 To collect the samples; I have taken 3
days in different time periods.

Tabulated Data: -
Figure 1: - This show lichens are in absence
or presence on the plant.

Type of the Plant A Plant B

lichen

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Crustose
Foliose
Fruticose
Figure: - 2
Types of Plant C Plant D
lichen

12 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Crustose
Foliose

Fruticose

THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE IN NEXT

PAGE.
Figure: -3
Type of Plant E Plant F
lichen
1 234 561 2 3 4 5 6
Crustos
e
Foliose
Fruticos
e

Type of Plant G Plant H

lichen
Crustose 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Foliose

Fruticos
e

Figure: - 4 is in upper slide which has plant G

and plant H.

Processed Data: -
The final reading of the lichens which it is
present on the trees
Analysis: -

From observing the graph and data, it is

evident that the plants which located in the
CJCR campus are not much polluted.
Most of the plants which are in the research
they are most connected with the CRUSTOSE
lichen and a very few with FOLIOSE lichen.
This confirms that Christ Junior College and
Residential Campus is not muchly affected to
the pollution. Therefore the concentration of
polluted air in the campus is very low.

Conclusion: -
From the study of this investigation, a
conclusion came from this and the study was
supported. The polluted air was very less and
the oxygen levels are high in the campus.
Maximum all of the trees are with Crustose
and the Foliose lichen which the further, it
deals to good health in the surroundings, also
there will be increasing number of lichens day
by day on the plants. Also, the CJCR campus
is eco-friendly in nature which they does not
produce any waste to the drain system which
Christ main campus is doing the same
procedure.
Discussion and Evaluation: -

With the significance of economic growth

many industries came up and they release
many harmful gases to the environment which
it is observable and it is point-source pollution
and the pollutants like carbon, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxide and some other
gases etc….
Which it shows unstable equilibrium for a
period of time (until when it is recovered for
example: - global warming).
This investigation shows finally that Christ
Junior College Residential (CJCR) it is
polluted very less. Also, some industries like
JAILAKSHMI, SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL
CORPORATION, UNIGLASS INDUSTRIES
which they lead to point-source of pollution
and the pollutants are very dangerous like
CO2, NO2, SO2.
Strengths & Weaknesses: -

The strengths and weaknesses of the

experiment are: -
1. The type of lichen on the tree is very
visible.
2. It is easy to tell how the area is
polluted by the type of lichen.
Weaknesses: -
1. All the campus cannot be taken but a
sample (it means only an amount of
area) sampling method.
2. The values may not be accurate.
3. With the same data it can be shown
different accurate results.

Limitations of the study: -

1. Human Error: - There is a chance that
errors might occur while observing the
plants with the following indicators.

2. Natural Error: - There is a chance that

errors might occurs naturally during or
before the experiment.

3. Procedure: - There may be an error

which the procedure might have obeyed
results.

Applicational & Solutions: -

There are many solutions to decreased the

level of pollution globally and in the
campus of CJCR. Reduce the locomotive
vehicles which is run through by
petroleum products
And it leads to the emission of many gases
like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide,
etc….
They need to plant more number of trees
as much as possible, reduce the usage of
fossil fuels leads to lots of carbon pollution
(which it is a pollutant). Usage of air
conditioners, avoid usage of crackers and
use the solar energy, there should be an
increase in usage of GREEN ENERGIES
but in a sustainable manner.

APPENDIX

CHRIST JUNIOR COLLEGE

RESIDENTIAL (CJCR), KENGERI,
BENGALURU, INDIA.

BIBILOGRAPHY: -

M2020_ESS_IA_303.
10 Best Ways to Reduce Air Pollution

ANDREW DAVIS & GARRETT NAGLE

-AUTHORS OF ESS REVISION

GUIDE