Unit VI: Advances in Mechatronics

and in Industrial Automations:

Gajanan H Chavhan
Unit VI: Advances in Mechatronics
and in Industrial Automations:
• Digital Factory ,
• Industrial IOT,
• Virtual Reality in Industrial Automations,
• Artificial Intelligence in Industrial
Automations
Digital Factory
• A digital factory uses digital technology for modeling,
communications and to operate the manufacturing process.
This arrangement of technology allows managers to configure,
model, simulate, assess and evaluate items, procedures and
system before the factory is constructed.
• Advantages: It's a smoother, slicker way of working. A digital
factory design is a far more flexible workplace. Instead of the
traditional, linear approach, where machinery is built based
on designers' sketches and development cycles are siloed,
digitization makes it possible to plan and develop in tandem.
• 1. DIGITAL FACTORY ECOSYSTEM The United States
maintains strong competitive advantages in
establishing digital factories – the most pronounced of
which is the existing technology clusters.
• These clusters are crucial to the formation of talent
pools necessary for all firms in the digital factory
ecosystem and are supported by world-class
educational facilities such as Stanford, the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Carnegie
Mellon.
• Venture capital provides opportunities for
experimentation and exploration beyond research
grants and corporate funding. The presence of a
venture capital industry sharing the start-up and
development risk with traditional corporate R&D is a
key feature of the U.S. market.
• A Digital Factory is the “construction site” where
change happens. It comprises dedicated, cross-
functional teams that work together on change-the-
business programs. They resemble factory workers in
that they employ reusable tools and repeatable
processes to build specific “products” in the form of
new experiences, services, or solutions. The secret to
the Digital Factory’s success is that its small teams,
working closely with the business side, function as a
start-up accelerator. As one business-unit leader
recently told us, “It’s like having my own start-up.”
• Management of the teams is “mission based”: they are
given clear goals (missions) and the autonomy to
deliver on them as they see fit. These missions are
unlike traditional projects, in that they are end to end
in scope, clear on the expected outcome, and add
value that can be explicitly tracked.
• The exact composition of each team varies by what the
team is tasked to do, but teams typically comprise ten
to 15 people. The lead DF team prioritizes daily tasks.
Importantly, each team is dedicated full time to its own
mission and has light reporting lines to keep relevant
people informed.
• A single center of excellence functions as a nerve
center or control tower, supporting the DF with
expertise and guidance on particularly complex areas,
such as deep learning analytics, standards for
cybersecurity, coding practices, and agile methodology;
coordinating resources; and ensuring execution quality
(Exhibit 1). An operating committee tracks the Digital
Factory’s work, unblocking issues and providing
funding based on progress.
 Industrial IOT,

• IIoT stands for the Industrial Internet of Things or Industrial IoT that
initially mainly referred to an industrial framework whereby a large
number of devices or equipment are connected and coordinated
through the use of software tools and third platform technologies
in a machine-to-machine and Internet of things context, later
an Industry 4.0 or Industrial Internet context.
 Benefits of IIoT
• Improved and intelligent connectivity between
devices or machines
• Increased efficiency
• Cost savings and
• Time savings
• Enhanced industrial safety
 Virtual Reality in
Industrial Automations

• Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation

in which a person can interact within an artificial three-
dimensional environment using electronic devices, such as
special goggles with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors.
• Virtual Reality (VR) is the use of computer technology to create
a simulated environment. Unlike traditional user interfaces, VR
places the user inside an experience. Instead of viewing a
screen in front of them, users are immersed and able to
interact with 3D worlds.
• Most commonly used input devices are joysticks, force Balls/Tracking balls,
controller wands, data gloves, trackpads, On-device control buttons,
motion trackers, bodysuits, treadmills and motion platforms (virtual
omni).
• Examples of VR
1. New York Times. ...
2. The Outdoor Niche. ...
3. The Home Improvement Niche. ...
4. Travel. ...
5. Toms Shoes. ...
6. McDonald's Happy Goggles. ...
7. Volvo Test Drive.
 Applications
• Entertainment: Games!
• Augmented Reality – Superimposing display
• Training
• Remote Robotics
• Distributed Collaboration
• Visualization
 Artificial Intelligence in Industrial
Automations
• Individually, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) are powerful technologies. When
you combine AI and IoT, you get AIoT—the artificial
intelligence of things. You can think of internet of
things devices as the digital nervous system while
artificial intelligence is the brain of a system.
• This technology can transform the transportation
system, because it can analyze traffic and alternative
routes, thus reducing travel times. Manufacturing:
high performing robots work faster, and complete
tasks more efficiently than humans.
 5 industries that are using Artificial
Intelligence the most
1) Healthcare. This is one area that tops the list
when it comes to the extent of AI application.
...
2) Education. Those days are long gone when
parent-teacher meetings used to happen in
haste without many insights. ...
3) Marketing. ...
4) Retail and E-commerce. ...
5) Financial markets and services.
• Currently AI is Used is Following
Things/Fields:Retail, Shopping and Fashion.
Security and Surveillance. Sports Analytics
and Activities. Manufacturing and
Production

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of

computer sciences that emphasizes the
development of intelligence machines,
thinking and working like humans. For
example, speech recognition, problem-
solving, learning and planning.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science that
enables the computers and the machines to
learn, judge and use own reasons. As the
technologies are becoming more complex, the
demand of Artificial Intelligence is growing
because of its ability to solve complex problems
with limited human resources and expertise and
within a limited time. AI adopts the abilities to
equip the technical expertise and can amplify
expertise to learn and deploy new methods and
applications.
• There is a big breakthrough in the field of image
recognition using machine learning along with the
advances in big data and GPU (Graphic processing
units) which evidently helped Artificial Intelligence
grow faster. Artificial Intelligence (AI) system consists
of an agent and its environment. An agent such as
human or a robot identifies the environment through
sensors and effectors. It uses a method called search
and pattern matching where the computer is
instructed to search its knowledgebase based on the
match found and if specific conditions are met to
solve a problem.
• Now a days, Artificial Intelligence is widely
used in various industries and business
domain, starting from healthcare, finance,
manufacturing to law, education, etc. With the
help of machine learning, doctors can
diagnose diseases faster than before.
Applications such as chatbots is helping
customers to schedule appointments and
support patients through the billing process.
• In education, AI can provide auto grading, help students with
learning by providing support to their need and help them to
stay on track. In the law industry, AI has made it easier for the
lawyers to go through thousands of large legal documents
effectively and accurately which is a real tedious work in
general.
• Industrial robots have made the manufacturing way easy and
efficient than it used to be a few years back. 2. Concept of
Automation The use of automation began to increase in the last
decade with an aim to reduce manpower and time. Automation
has introduced a system of computer and machines and
replaced a system that was built by combining man and
machine.
• Highly intense and repetitive tasks have become efficient
and the product quality has also increased with the use
automation in various industries. There are various types of
automation, some of the popular ones are as follows
• 2.1 Numerical Control Drills, 3D printing, glass cutting, etc.
fall in this category where machines are programmed to
execute repetitive tasks.
• 2.2 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) Computer
software are used for this automation example of which are
like Computer-aided design (CAD), Computer -aided design
and drafting etc.
• 2.3 Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) It is a
sophisticated automation system where robots and other
advanced automation tools are used to provide flexibility
and customization to the users.
• 2.4 Industrial robot: Robots are being used for welding,
assembly and handling materials
• Differences between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Automation
Before diving into artificial intelligence in automation, it's
important to acknowledge that both these terms are used
interchangeably in daily life. They are associated with physical
or software robots along with other machines which allow us to
work more effectively and efficiently.
• This can be either mechanical tasks like piecing together
something like a car of sending off a follow up mail just the day
after you find that your customer hasn't yet completed her/his
order. But what people fail to realize is that there are also big
differences between these two.
• basically means making a software or hardware which is
capable of automatically doing things and that too without any
form of human intervention. Artificial intelligence on the other
hand is a science as well as engineering which is involved in
making machines which are intelligent.
• AI is about attempting to make machines mimic or even try to
supersede human intelligence and behavior. It involves production
using automatic testing, mechanical labor, control systems,
computers and operating equipment’s. All the types of automation
which has manifested all around us are bound using explicit
programming and rules. To ensure that the same thing becomes an
AI, all that is needed to be done is to power it up using data. Huge
quantities of data, like using neural networks, graphs and deep
machine learning must be put in the software. Your coding levels
will certainly decide just how much you will be able to make your
system stimulate like a human.
• But most likely, you will be teaching the system all that you already
know. In case of automatic, you will be able to easily know the
output using sensor readings. But in case of AI there is always a
little bit of uncertainty, just like it's there with the human brain.