31.

The paragraph preceding the passage most likely discusses ....

A. The nature of self-esteem

B. Different culture around the world

C. The dominant values of particular cultures

D. How personal values determine self-esteem

E. Personal values as opposed to collective values

32. In the passage there are statements like these:

For the hundred years, researchers have mostly assumed that individuals base their self-esteem

on the fulfilment of the values they personally perceive as being most important. However, a

worldwide survey casts an element of doubt on that widely-accepted hypothesis

If the survey had not been conducted, ....

A. Individuals would have refrained from fulfilling personal values

B. Self-esteem would have continuously been a subject of debate

C. Personal values considered important would have remained the same

D. People would still have based their self-esteem on personal values

E. Researchers would not have questioned their belief about self-esteem

33. The author would apparently agree that the phenomenon of self-esteem and culture discussed in

the passage is similar to that of ....

A. debtors and lenders

B. teenagers and peers

C. teachers and students

D. employers and workers

E. society and government

34. The author brings up the determination of self-esteem in irrespective of cultures in paragraph ....

A. 1

D. 4

B. 2

E. 5

C. 3

35. According to the passage, participants coming from a society which emphasizes .... and a vibrant

life would have self-esteem if they can take charge of their own lives

A. self-love
B. self-mastery

C. self-realization

D. self-governance

E. self-centredness

36. People exposed to conformist and traditionalist cultures since birth .... associate self-esteem with

a sense of responsibility.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. would

E. ought to

37. According to the passage, it can be hypothesized that young people ....

A. Fear of being socially out-casted

B. Abandon their wants for the greater good

C. Are forced to conform to collective values

D. Prioritize harmony and avoid social conflicts

E. Inherit values deemed essential in their culture

38. Which of the following sentences best completes the missing sentence in the last paragraph?

A. It is not and individual undertaking.

B. It is requires the society as a whole to unite.

C. It leads to a uniform level of self-confidence.

D. It upholds the spirit of teamwork and tolerance.

E. It hits the lowest point among an individualistic society.

39. The word "subtle" in the passage is closest in meaning to ....

A. active D. directive

B. native E. excessive

C. obscure

40. Which of the following expresses the author's message about self-esteem

A. The four basic foundations of self-esteem are heavily influenced by one's culture

B. Personal values as part of self-esteem are prohibited to hold

C. A culture's influence on self-esteem only lasts during youth

D. Self-esteem warrants the achievement of social status

E. Self-esteem increases with solidarity among a society