COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

The composition of the earth is consisted of three categories, the core, mantle,

and crust. Earth’s core is separated into two parts: the inner core and the outer core.

Inner core is mainly made of iron that reaches the temperature about 9,392°F

(5,200°C). Since the entire rest of the planet and its atmosphere exert such high

pressure on the iron that it cannot melt, the inner core is solid in contrast to the outer

core. In contrary, the outer core is simply a liquid layer and primarily composed of the

extremely hot metals iron and nickel, which reaches temperatures between 4,500° and

5,500°C (8,132° to 9,932°F). Violent convection occurs in the outer core, and the

magnetic field on Earth is produced and maintained by the metal in the outer core.

The mantle, which makes up the bulk of the planet's interior and is the second layer, is

largely solid. The lower mantle and upper mantle are the two primary sections of the

mantle. Rocks that are closely packed together and abundant in the white metallic

element magnesium make up the lower mantle. The lithosphere and asthenosphere

make up the upper mantle's two layers. The lithosphere is a stable shell that is affixed

to the layer of the crust that is divided into tectonic plates. Below this is the

asthenosphere, a less stable layer of the upper mantle that is warmer. Last but not

least, the crust is the thinnest layer of the earth and is primarily composed of solid

rocks and minerals. The crust is typically 18 miles (30 km) thick above land, and 6
miles (10 km) beneath the oceans. The continental and oceanic crusts are the two

different sorts. The land on Earth is composed of the continental crust, which is also

thicker than the oceanic crust. The thickness of the continental crust ranges from 6 to

43 miles (25 and 70 km). Additionally, it is composed of a variety of rock kinds, some

of which are as old as 4 billion years. Meanwhile, the oceanic crust is made up only a

few types of volcanic or igneous rock. The movement of the ocean causes the oceanic

crust to pull up rocks from the mantle underneath it.

Reference:

Anonymous. (n.d.) core. National Geographic Society. Retrieved from

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/core

Anonymous. (n.d.) Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more! DK Find

Out. Retrieved from https://www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/structure-earth/

Anonymous. (n.d.) Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more! DK Find

Out. Retrieved from https://www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/structure-earth/mantle/

Anonymous. (n.d.) Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more! DK Find

Out. Retrieved from https://www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/structure-earth/crust/