Engine Control System (Hyundri)

Ruifeng Commercial Vehicle Maintennace Manual Hyundri Control System
Section III Engine Control System (Hyundri)

I. General
1. Brief introduction to the system
Multi-point fuel injection system consists of sensors detecting engine operating conditions, power control module
(PCM) that controls the system according to signals given by these sensors, and actuators under the control by
PCM.
PCM performs various functions such as fuel injection control, idling air intake control and ignition timing control
Besides, PCM is also provided with some diagnosis and testing modes, so that in case of a problem,
troubleshooting is simplified.
Fuel injection control

Number of oil injections and injection timing of oil injectors are controlled so that optimum air/fuel mixture is
obtained for ever changing engine operating status. At air intake of each cylinder, an oil injector is fitted. Under
the action of pressure, fuel is delivered by fuel pump to oil injectors. Pressure of the fuel pump is controlled by
fuel pressure regulator. Regulated fuel is distributed to each oil injector. This is what multi-point injection means.
When the engine is in cold state or operating under high load, to maintain engine performance, PCM provides
thick air/fuel mixture by executing “open loop” control. Besides, when the engine is at the state of mechanical
equivalent of heat, or in normal operating conditions, PCM executes “closed loop” control of air/fuel mixture by
means of signals from heating type oxygen sensors, so as to obtain theoretical air/fuel mixing ratio and optimum
discharge effect through 3-element catalysis.
Fuel injection
pulse
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
Cylinder
One engine cycle One engine cycle
Simultaneous multi-point injection system
Sequential multi-point injection system
Idling speed control

During idling, optimum rotation speed is maintained by controlling air flow through throttle valve according to
idling state and change of engine load. According to engine coolant temperature and air conditioning load, PCM
drives idling speed control (ISC) motor to maintain engine operation at preset objective idling speed. Besides,
throttle valve air flow will be regulated according to engine load, so as to avoid fluctuation of engine rotation
speed.
Ignition timing control
Ignition power transistor is installed in ignition primary loop. Primary current flowing into ignition coil is
controlled by opening and closing of this transistor. This transistor controls ignition timing and obtains optimum
ignition timing according to engine operating status. Ignition timing is determined by PCM according to engine
rotation speed, amount of air intake, engine coolant temperature and atmospheric pressure.
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Injection pulse
Engine speed (rpm)
Other control functions
1) Fuel pump control: When the engine starts or during engine operation, fuel pump relay will close to supply
current to fuel pump.
2) Air conditioning compressor clutch relay control: open or close AC compressor clutch.
3) Fan relay control: speed of radiator fan and condenser fan will be controlled according to engine coolant
temperature and vehicle speed.
4) Control of evaporation exhaust purification.
2. General specification of operating elements

Item Size/Parameter
Type Rheostat
Throttle position sensor (TPS) Resistance at limit idling 3.5-6.5kΩ
Throttle
Output voltage at limit idling 300-900 mV
valve
Type Dual coil
Idling speed control (ISC) actuator
Resistor 90-100Hz
Mass air flow (MAF) sensor Type Thermal film sensor
Type Thermistor
Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor
Resistor 2.33-2.97kΩ (20℃)
Type Thermistor
Engine coolant temperature (ECT)
Resistor 2.5kΩ20℃
sensor
Sensor 0.3kΩ80℃
Heating type oxygen sensor Type Zirconium oxide
(HO2S)
Vehicle speed sensor (VSS) Type Hall effect
Camshaft position (CMP) sensor Type Hall effect
Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor Type EM type
Type Electronic magnetic
Oil injector Actuator valve type
Quantity 4 pieces
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Resistor 13-16Ω (20℃)

Evaporation exhaust purification Type Operating cycling type
control EM valve
Fuel pressure 300±1.5 kPa
Pressure regulator Pressure
regulator (3.35±0.06kg/cm²)
Fuel tank capacity 65L
Fuel tank
Return oil system Provided
Carbon tank Volume/nominal operating capacity 3.0L/150g
3. Standard data
Item Standard value
Basic ignition timing At limit idling speed: BTDC 8º±5º
Basic ignition timing
Ignition timing grounding At limit idling speed: BTDC 5º±5º
D－range (auto transmission) 700±100rpm
Limit idling speed P, N－range (auto transmission, manual 750±100rpm (air conditioning off)
transmission) 900±100rpm (air conditioning on)
Vacuum hose disconnected At limit idling speed: 330－350 kPa
Fuel pressure
Vacuum hose connected At limit idling speed: about 270 kPa
Evaporation carbon tank purification control EM valve resistance 20-32Ω
4. Tightening torque
Item N·m
Oil supply pipe mounting bolts 10-15
Engine coolant temperature sensor 20-40
Heating type oxygen sensor 40-50
Heating type oxygen sensor connector support bolts 8-12
Fuel pressure regulator mounting bolts 4-6
HP hose with fuel main pipeline 30-40
HP hose with fuel filter 25-35
HP hose to fuel supply pipe 3-4
Fuel pump assembly to fuel tank 2-3
HP hose on fuel tank 30-40
Throttle valveto purification tank 15-20
Throttle valve arm support bolts 8-12
Idling speed control actuator 6-8
Fuel delivery to fuel tank 2-3
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II. Common troubleshooting
1. Basic inspections of engine

For engine troubleshooting, a very important point is inspection of basic systems of engine. In case of any of the
following: engine cannot start, idling speed is not stable, or speed cannot be increased, check the following basic
systems:
1) Power supply
a) Batteries b) Fuse (line) c) Fuse
2) Engine body grounding
3) Fuel supply
a) Fuel pipeline b) Fuel filter c) Fuel pump
4) Ignition system
a) Spark plug b) HV cable c) Ignition coil
5) Emission control system
a) PCV system (positive crankcase ventilation) b) Vacuum leakage
6) Other
a) Ignition timing b) Idling speed
Common fault of MFI (multi-point fuel injection) system is poor connection of harness connectors. It is very
important to check all harness connectors and confirm tight connection.
2. Table of common troubleshooting guide for engine
Note: Numbers in the following table show sequence numbers of inspections.
Main fault Starting Poor
Poor idling speed
Failed start Difficult start running
combustion not complete
Engine surging or poor

Engine cannot reverse
Incorrect fast idling

Ejgine running but
Engine cannot tur
High idling speed
Poor idling speed

Low idling speed
With engine cold
Engine reversing
Secondary
With engine hot
acceleratoin
Knocking
fault
Instable
Always
Inspection point
Starter relay 1
Starter 2 2 1
Parking/neutral switch (auto 3
transmission) or clutch starting
switch (manual transmission)
Flywheel (manual transmission) 4 3
or drive board (auto transmission)
Mass air flow sensor circuit 4 3 10 7
Idling control actuator 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 7 2
Fuel pressure regulator 6 5 5 5 4 11 1
Engine coolant temperature 7 4 1 1 2 2 1 2 8 6
sensor circuit
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Compression 8 8 8 5
Piston ring 9 9
Ignition timing 10 11 14
Timing marking 9 12
Oil injector 10 13 8 8 7 4 13 15 4
PCM (power control module) 11 14 9 9 4 8 5 14 16 5
Air conditioning circuit 2 6
Connecting rod bearing 3
Crankshaft bearing 4
Fuel mass 1 2 2 1 3 3
Spark plug 2 3 4 2
Fuel pump 6 6 6 5 12
Fuel pipeline 7 7 7 6 13
Ignition circuit 2 11 3
Air intake temperature sensor 12 4 4 1 4 9 1
circuit
Throttle pedal wire 1
TP (throttle position) sensor 5 6
circuit
Cylinder head 15
Clutch (manual transmission) 1
Brake cannot separate correctly 2
Oxygen sensor circuit 10
Crankshaft position sensor
Battery voltage
Main fault Engine stop Other Oil

filling
Secondary fault
After step-down
of throttle pedal
Excesive fuel
After release of
Diffcult filling;
consumption
overflow/back
throttle pedal
Engine too
Soon after
During AC
overheat
operation
injection
Engine
startup
Inspection point
cold
Fuel mass 1
Fuel pressure regulator 2 4 2
Fuel pump 3
Fuel pipeline 4 5
ISC actuator 5 1 2
MAF sensor circuit 6 1 2 13
Engine coolant temperature sensor 7 11
circuit
Oil injector 8 6 10
ECM 9 7 3 3 17
TP sensor circuit 2 12
Spark plug 6 8
Air conditioning circuit 14
Fuel leakage 1 1
Acceleration pedal wire 3
Clutch (manual transmission) 4
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Brake in action when pedal is 5

released
Compression 7
Piston ring 8
Ignition timing 9
Oxygen sensor circuit 15
Air intake temperature sensor 16
circuit
Coolant leakage 1
Cooling fan 2
Temperature switch 3
Radiator and radiator cover 4
Thermostat 5
Timing belt 6
Engine cooling pump 7
Engine oil pump 9
Cylinder head 10
Engine body 11
Engine coolant temperature 12 3
transducer
Crankshaft position sensor 11 8 4 4
Filling port valve hose－clogging 1
Carbon tank filter net－pollution 2
Fuel cutoff valve－operating 3
3. Engine common troubleshooting procedure
Communication with detection tool not possible
Measure battery voltage at data Check harness between power supply and
Abnormal
connection connectors (voltage between dataconnection connectors; repair if
pin 16 and ground) required
Normal
Check harness between data

Abnormal
Measure data connection connectors connection connectors and ground
● Conduction between pin 4 and ground wire; repair if required
● Conduction between pin 5 and ground
Normal
Use another detection tool Abnormal Data connection connector or wire

faulty
Normal
Repair detection tool
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Connection between detection tool and PCM failed

Comment Possible reason
Possibly due to one of the following ● PCM power supply circuit faulty
● PCM not powered up ● PCM faulty
● PCM ground circuit faulty ● Circuit between PCM and DLC disconnected
● PCM faulty
● PCM/detection tool connection wire unsuitable
Engine not starting

Check power supply Abnormal ● Batteries
1. Connection
2. Specific weight/charging system
Normal 3. Driving belt
4. Voltage
● Line fuse
Check starting system ● Ignition switch

● Starter relay
● Starter
● Wire
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Difficult starting of engine
Check fault code Diag. fault code Diagnosis fault code

● Use diagnosis instruments
Normal code
Check for vacuum leakage ● Filter cover

Abnormal
● Oil ruler
● Vacuum hose connector
● PCV hose
● Hose between throttle valve and
air intake manifold
Check ignition ● HV cable

● Loose oil injector connector ● Ignition coil; ignition power
Abnomal
● To start engine with handle, keep transistor
spark plug wire 8-10mm from engine. ● Spark plug
Check for strong spark.
Normal
(Continued on next page)
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(Continued from last page)
Check ignition timing Diagnosis Diagnosis fault code

2.414 (N-range, AC closed) fault code ● Use diagnosis instruments
Check fuel supply to injectors ● Engine oil filling port cover

● Fuel in fuel tank Abnormal ● Engine oil ruler
● Fuel pressure ● Vacuum hose connector
● PCV hose
Check spark plug

Standard: 1.0-1.1 mm ● HV cable
● Check compression if required Abnormal ● Ignition coil, ignition power transistor
● Spark plug
Check MFI electric circuit ● Line connector

Abnormal ● Power supply to PCM
① Line fuse
② Fuse
③ MFI control relay
● Engine coolant temperature sensor
● Air intake temperature sensor
● Fuel injection signal circuit
① Fuel injector
② PCM
● Throttle valve position sensor
● MAF sensor
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Poor idling or engine stop
Check diagnosis fault code Read diagnosis fault code

Abnormal ● Use diagnosis instrument
Normal
Check leakage of vacuum ● Engine oil filling port cover

Abnormal ● Engine oil ruler
Normal ● Vacuum hose connector
● PCV hose
● Hose between throttle valve/air intake manifold
Check fuel supply to injectors ● Fuel pipeline (leak, deform)
● Fuel in tank Abnormal ● Fuse
● Fuel pressure ● Fuel pump
● Fuel filter
Normal ● Fuel pressure regulator
Check air filter element Clean or replace

Abnormal
Normal
Check idling speed Adjust idling speed

AC closed: 750±100
Abnormal
Normal
Check ignition timing
Adjust idling timing
8º±5º before upper dead center Abnormal
Normal
Check spark plug

Check cylinder pressure
Standard: 1.0-1.1 mm Abnormal
● Check cylinder pressure if required
● Cylinder pressure
Limit value:
12kg/cm²
[250-400rpm]
Normal
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Check fuel pressure ● Fuel pump

Abnormal ● Fuel filter
Check injector Injection pump status

Abnormal
Normal
Check MFI electric circuit ● Wire connection

① Line fuse
② Fuse
● Injection signal circuit
① Injector line
② PCM
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Engine surging or poor acceleration
Check clutch or brake Slipping clutch

Abnormal Brake engaged
Normal
Check for vacuum leak in air intake ● Oil filling port cover
pipeline Abnormal ● Engine oil ruler
● Hose connector
Normal ● PCV hose
Check air filter Clean or replace air filter

Abnormal
Normal
Check MAD meter Check diagnosis fault code

Abnormal Use diagnosis instrument
Normal
Check ignition; ● HV cable

Check loose injector connector; Abnormal ● Ignition coil
After start of engine, keep spark plug
8-10mm from engine body; check for
strong spark
Normal
Check ignition timing Adjust idling timing

BTDC (before top dead center) 8º+5º Abnormal
Normal
Check fuel pressure ● Fuel pump

Abnormal ● Fuel filter
Check fuel injectors Fuel injection pump

Abnormal
Normal
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Check spark plug Check cylinder pressure

Standard: 1.0-1.1 mm Abnormal
● Check cylinder pressure if required
● Cylinder pressure
Limit value:
12.0kg/cm²
[250-400 rpm]
Normal
Check MFI electric circuit ● Wire connection

① Line fuse
② Fuse
● Fuel injection signal circuit
① Fuel injection line
② PCM
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4. Engine common troubleshooting
Fault characteristics Causes of fault Repair

Engine cannot start Low batteries Charge or replace batteries
Loose, corroded or worn battery wires Repair or replace wires
Speed range switch faulty (auto transmission) Adjust or replace switch
Molten fuse Replace fuse
Starter motor faulty Repair starter motor
Ignition switch faulty Replace ignition switch
Engine starts slowly Low batteries Charge or replace batteries
Loose, corroded or worn battery wires Repair or replace wires
Starter motor faulty Repair starter motor
Starter operating Starter motor faulty Repair or replace starter
continuously motor
Ignition switch faulty Replace ignition switch
Drive gear tooth broken or starter motor faulty Repair starter motor
Starter runs but engine
Tooth ring gear tooth broken Replace flywheel tooth ring
cannot start
gear or torque converter
Engine fault due to Fuel pipeline or hose bent or twisted Repair or replace
insufficient fuel supply Fuel pipe or hose clogged Clean or replace
Element of fuel filter in fuel tank clogged Replace
Water in fuel filter Replace or clean fuel tank
and fuel pipeline
Inside of fuel tank dirty or rusted Clean or replace
Fuel pump faulty (filter in pump clogged) Replace
Fuel vapor discharge Incorrect arrangement of carbon tank EM line Correct
system faulty (release Carbon tank solenoid valve line broken Correct
pressure when fuel filling Carbon tank solenoid valve line folded, bent,
cover is removed) cracked or clogged Replace
Fuel tank cover faulty Replace
Overflow valve (2-way valve) failed Replace
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III. Diagnosis of fuel injection control system
1. Engine fault indicator

After turning on by ignition key, the engine does not operate and engine fault indicator (MIL) will light up for 5s
to show that the indicator is normal. If this indicator does not light up, check for broken wire in harness, molten
fuse or damaged bulb.
If MFI system part (sensor, PCM and fuel injector etc.) is damaged, fuel supply may be interrupted or correct
amount of fuel cannot be supplied accoding to engine operating conditions. The following are possible:
 Engine has difficulty in startup or cannot start at all;
 Idling speed is not stable;
 Running performance is poor.
At this time, engine fault indicator (MIL) will flash to prompt driver that there is problem in the vehicle. However,
if the same fault is not detected in 3 consecutive cycles, MIL indicator will automatically go out.
MIL will indicate faults of the following items:

● catalyst
● fuel system
● Mass air flow (MAF) sensor
● Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor
● Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor
● Throttle position sensor (TPS)
● front oxygen sensor Fault indicator
● front oxygen sensor heater
● rear oxygen sensor
● rear oxygen sensor heater
● fuel injector
● fire accident
● Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor
● Camshaft position (CMP) sensor
● evaporation exhaust control system
● Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
● idling speed control
● PCM
2. Fuel injection system self-diagnosis

● Diagnosis fault codes are set as follows:
PCM first detects the fault and then diagnosis fault code will be recorded. When the engine starts again, the same
fault may be detected (in cyclic operation). However, for fire accident due to too thick or too thin fuel in fuel
system, diagnosis fault code will be recorded in the first detection.
● Erasing diagnosis fault codes:
After recording a diagnosis fault code, if PCM does not detect the same fault in 40 operation cycles, this code will
be erased from PCM record. However, for fire accident due to too thick or too thin fuel in fuel system, diagnosis
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fault code will be erased in case of the following two cases:

◆ operating conditions (engine speed, engine coolant temperature etc.) are the same with those of first record of
the fault;
◆ the same fault is not detected by PCM in 80 operation cycles.
Note: Once the vehicle enters closed loop operation, an “operation cycle” is completed.
3. Reading and removal of fault codes
1. Turn off ignition switch;

2. Connect detection tool to data connection connector on lower anti-bump pad;
3. Turn on ignition switch;
4. Use detection tool to check diagnosis fault code;
5. Repair faulty part according to results of diagnosis;
6. Erase diagnosis fault code;
7. Disconnect detection tool.
Signal
Ground wire K line
L line Power
Cruise Air bag
supply
Note:
When battery voltage is too low, diagnosis fault codes cannot be read. Before starting a test, check battery
voltage and charging system.
If battery or PCM connector is disconnected, codes will be erased. Before fully reading out diagnosis fault
codes, do not disconnect batteries.
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IV. Multi-point fuel injection (MFI) control system

1. Troubleshooting diagnosis flowpath
Collect user information
Verify user comments

Several reoccurrences Only one reoccurrence
Check diagnosis fault code Check diagnosis fault code
Fault diagnosis code Fault diagnosis code No code
No code or
connection
with detection Record diagnosis result and
tool failed then erase
Reference MFI fault clearing Try to repeat fault No

procedure characteristics characteristics
Several
Good
Read fault diagnosis code
Show fault diagnosis code Do not show fault diagnosis code
Intermittent fault
Reference fault diagnosis
(reference ”How to handle
code checklist
intermittent faults”)
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2. Fault diagnosis codes checklist

Diagnosis Code Content
P0101 Air mass flow circuit range/performance problem
P0102 Air mass flow circuit low input
P0103 Air mass flow circuit high input
P0112 Intake air temperature circuit low input
P0113 Intake air temperature circuit high input
P0115 Engine coolant temperature circuit fault
P0116 ECT circuit range/performance fault
P0125 For closed loop fuel control, coolant temperature is not enough
P0122 Throttle position sensor circuit low input
P0123 Throttle position sensor circuit high input
P0134 Control time to enter closed loop fuel control is too long
P0133 Oxygen sensor circuit fault (group 1, sensor 1)
P0132 Oxygen sensor circuit disconnected (group 1, sensor 1)
P0135 Oxygen sensor heater circuit fault (group 1, sensor 1)
P0136 Oxygen sensor circuit disconnected (group 1, sensor 2)
P0140 Oxygen sensor circuit shortcircuit (group 1, sensor 2)
P0171 Fuel too thin in fuel system
P0172 Fuel too thick in fuel system
P0201 Fuel injector circuit fault (cylinder 1)
P0300 Detect random fire accident
P0301 Fire accident detection (cylinder 1)
P0325 Knockmeter circuit fault
P0335 Crankshaft position sensor circuit fault
P0340 Camshaft position sensor circuit fault
P0350 Ignition coil fault
P0320 Ignition failure sensor fault
P0421 Heated catalystic efficiency below critical point
P0443 Evaporation exhaust control system-purification control valve circuit fault
P0500 Vehicle speed sensor fault
P0507 Idling speed control- rotation speed high
P1330 Ignition timing adjustment fault
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Fault diagnosis code checklist (for diagnosis not on vehicle)
Diagnosis Content
Code
P0100 Mass or volume air flow circuit fault
P0110 Intake air temperature circuit fault
P0115 Engine coolant temperature circuit fault
P0120 Throttle position circuit fault
P0325 Knockmeter circuit fault
P0350 Ignition coil fault
P1330 Ignition timing adjustment fault
Fault ranges related to diagnosis fault codes

Note: All possible causes are not listed for each diagnosis item.
Diagnosis code Diagnosis item Fault range
P0100 Mass or volume air flow Dirty air filter
P0101 circuit range/performance ● Missing engine oil cover or ruler, or incorrect
installation thereof
● Leakage in intake air system
● Pollution, aging or damage of mass air flow sensor
● Mass air flow sensor or throttle position sensor fault
● Poor connection among ECM and MAFS or TPS
Note::
If MAFS-related code appears, before this
troubleshooting, carry out all related repair.
P0102 Mass or volume air flow ● Short circuit to ground between MAFS and ECM
circuit low input ● Broken signal line between MAFS and EGM
● MAFS fault
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Diagnosis code Diagnosis item Fault range

P0103 Mass or volume air ● Short circuit to battery between MAFS and ECM
flow circuit high input ● Grounding open circuit between MAFS and EGI main relay
● Grounding open circuit, poor connection or short circuit to
battery between MAFS and ECM
● MAFS fault
P0110 Intake air temperature ● Short circuit to ground between IAT sensor and ECM
P0112 circuit low input ● IAT sensor line-to-line short circuit
● IAT sensor fault
P0113 Intake air temperature ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between IAT sensor
circuit high input and ECM
● IAT sensor fault
P0115 Engine coolant ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between ECTS and
temperature circuit ECM
fault ● Short circuit to ground between ECTS and ECM
● ECTS fault
P0116 Engine coolant ● After engine starts and detection/calculation to obtain change
temperature sensor of coolant temperature, display of measured coolant
circuit range/ temperature does not change (ECT sensor input port clogged)
performance problem ● Poor connection between ECT sensor and ECM
● Misplaced, loose or corroded terminals
● ECTS dirty due to foreign matter
● ECTS fault
Note:
If any ECTS-related code appears, before this
troubleshooting, carry out all ECTS-related repairs.
P0120 Throttle position ● Poor connection between TPS and ECM
circuit fault ● Misplaced, loose or corroded terminals
P0120 Throttle position ● Polluted or aged TPS;
sensor circuit fault ● Broken line or short circuit between TPS5V datum and ECM
● Broken line or short circuit between TPS signal and ECM
● TPS line short circuit
● TPS fault
P0122 Throttle position ● Short circuit to ground between TPS and ECM
sensor circuit low ● Open circuit or short circuit to ground between TPS and
input ECM
● Short circuit to ground between ECM and fuel tank pressure
sensor FTPS)
● TPS or FTPS fault
P0123 Throttle position ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between TPS and ECM
sensor circuit high ● Broken line between TPS and ECM
input ● TPS fault
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Diagnosis Diagnosis item Fault range

code
P0125 For closed loop fuel ● After engine starts, time required before feedback operation
control,coolant is too long (signal input by ECT sensor for closed loop
temperature is not operation is not enough)
enough ● Poor connection between ECT sensor and ECM
● ECTS fault
P0130 Oxygen sensor circuit ● Short circuit to ground between oxygen sensor and ECM
fault(group 1, sensor 1)
P0132 Oxygen sensor circuit ● Short circuit to battery between oxygen sensor and ECM
high input (group 1,
sensor 1)
P0133 Oxygen sensor circuit ● Reversed connection of front and rear oxygen sensors
slow response (group 1, ● Fuel supply system fault
sensor 1) ● Leakage in intake air system
● Leakage in exhaust system
● MAFS grounding circuit fault
● Oxygen sensor fault
Note:
In case of fire, purification of solenoid value, MAFS or
oxygen sensor heater code, before this troubleshooting,
carry out all repairs related to these codes.
P0134 No detection action of ● Pollution, deterioration and aging of oxygen sensor
oxygen sensor circuit ● Misplaced, bent, loose or corroded connection terminals
(group 1, sensor 1) ● Oxygen sensor fault
Note: In case of fire, purification of solenoid valve or
oxygen sensor heater code, before this troubleshooting,
carry out all repairs related to these codes.
P0135 Oxygen sensor heater ● Molten or missing oxygen sensor fuse
circuit fault (group 1, ● Short circuit to battery between front oxygen sensor and
sensor 1) ECM
● Broken line between front oxygen sensor and ECM
● Front oxygen sensor fault
P0136 Oxygen sensor circuit ● Short circuit between rear oxygen sensor and ECM
fault (group 1, sensor 2) ● Rear oxygen sensor fault
P0140 Oxygen sensor circuit ● Short circuit to ground between oxygen sensor and ECM
short circuit (group 1, ● Front oxygen sensor fault
sensor 2)
P141 Oxygen sensor heating ● Molten or missing oxygen sensor fuse
mechanical equilavent of ● Short circuit to battery between rear oxygen sensor and ECM
heat device circuit fault ● Disconnection between rear oxygen sensor and ECM
(group 1, sensor 2) ● Rear oxygen sensor fault
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code
P171 Fuel system too thin ● Ignition system fault (Ignition coil/spark plug/ignitioncable)
(group 1) ● Fuel supply system fault (fuel tank/pressure regulator/carbon tank
purifying valve)
● Fuel injector clogged
● Fuel injector fault
● Leakage in intake air system
● Leakage exhaust system
Note:
If codes related to fuel injector, oxygen sensor, ECTS or MAFS are
stored, before this troubleshooting, carry out all repairs related to
these codes.
P0201 Injector circuit high ● Disconnection between injector fuse and injector
input (cylinder 1) ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between fuel injector and ECM
P0202 Injector circuit high ● Fuel injector fault
input (cylinder 2)
P0203 Injector circuit high
input (cylinder 3)
P0204 Injector circuit high
input (cylinder 4)
P0300 Detection of random ● Vacuum leakage in intake air system
fire ● CKP sensor circuit fault
● CKP sensor fault
● Ignition coil fault
P0301 Detection of fire ● Ignition coil or spark plug lead wire fault
(cylinder 1) ● Spark plug fault
P0302 Detection of fire ● Low compression pressure due to molten cylinder gasket and leaking
(cylinder 2) valve or piston ring
P0303 Detection of fire ● Low/high fuel pressure due to pressure regulator fault, clogged fuel
(cylinder 3) pipeline, clogged fuel filter, fuel pump fault
P0304 Detection of fire ● Fuel injector circuit fault
(cylinder 4) ● Fuel injector fault
Note: In case of fuel injector code (or undefined code), before this
troubleshooting, carry out all repairs related to these codes.
P0325 Knockmeter circuit ● Open circuit or short circuit to ground between knock meter and ECM
fault (group 1) ● Large resistance between knockmeter/ECM
● Knockmeter fault
P0335 Crankshaft position ● Short circuit to ground between CKP sensor and ECM
sensor circuit fault ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between CKP and ECM
(group 1) ● CKP sensor line short circuit
● Poor connection between CKP connector and harness connector
● Air clearance exceeding permitted value
● Faulty object wheel clearance
● CKP sensor fault
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code
P0340 Camshaft position sensor ● Short circuit to ground between CMP sensor and ECM
circuit fault ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between CMP and ECM
● CMP sensor line short circuit
● Poor connection between CMP connector and harness connector
● CMP sensor fault
P0350 Ignition primary/secondary ● Ignition system fault
coil circuit fault ● Poor connection
● Fault of line between ignition coil and ECM
● Ignition coil fault
P0420 Deterioration of main ● Catalytic converter aging
catalyst efficiency (group 1) Note: In case of codes related to oxygen sensor, MAFS,
injector, P0170 or P0173, before this troubleshooting, carry out
all repairs related to these codes.
P0421 Deterioration of main ● Catalytic converter aging
catalyst efficiency (group 2) Note: In case of codes related to oxygen sensor, MAFS,
injector, P0170 or P0173, before this troubleshooting, carry out
all repairs related to these codes.
P0443 Evaporation exhaust control ● PCSV fault
system purification control ● Disconnection between PCSV and ECM
valve circuit fault
P0500 Vehicle speed sensor circuit ● Disconnection between fuse and VVS
fault ● Disconnection between VSS and ground
● Disconnection between VSS and ECM
● Short circuit to battery or ground between VSS and ECM
● VSS fault
P0507 Idlding speed control system ● Incorrect adjustment of throttle pull wire
higher than expected ● Leakage in intake air system between cylinder head and throttle
valve
● PCV valve or PCSV fault
● Poor connection in TPS circuit or TPS fault
● Large resistance between IAC valve and ECM
● IAC valve fault
Note: In case of codes related to TPS, MAFS, fuel injector or
IAC valve, before this troubleshooting, carry out all repairs
related to these codes.
P1330 Ignition timing adjustment ● Open circuit or short circuit to battery between ROM
modification tool and ECM
● Short circuit to ground between ROM modification tool and
ECM
● Disconnection between ROM correction tool and ECM
- 70 -
V. Detection of fuel injection system elements
Following are reference waveform diagrams of main sensors. The following data have been measured after full
preheating of engine, under no load conditions, and with engine fast accelerated to 4800rpm. Main sensors include:
CMP, CKP, TPS, MAFS, throttle position sensor, rear oxygen sensor, front oxygen sensor and fuel injection pulse.
Each type of value is only for reference and accurate value may change.
*CMP and CKP
When stepping down throttle pedal, force shall be applied
gradually and releasing of throttle shall also be gradual.
*MAFS and TPS

When stepping down throttle pedal, MAFS shall rise. In
the instant when “throttle position sensor” closes, i.e. when
throttle pedal is released, MAFS shall fall. When stepping
down throttle pedal, TPS shall rise; conversely, TPS shall fall.
*Front oxygen sensor and rear oxygen sensor

After stepping down throttle pedal, values of front and
rear oxygen sensors shall rise at once; conversely, these
values shall fall.
*Fuel injection pulse

When stepping down throttle pedal, this pulse shall rise;
when the pedal is released, this pulse shall fall.
- 71 -
1. Engine coolant temperature sensor (ECT)

Engine coolant temperature sensor consists of a thermistor fixed in plastic socket and 3 insertion plates connected
to it. With change of engine coolant temperature, resistance of thermistor will change accordingly, converting
different coolant temperatures to different electric signals for output to electric control elements in ECM, thereby
controlling fuel supply thickening, ignition timing and idling.
Circuit diagram
Engine water temperature
Output voltage
Resistance
Water temperature Water temperature
- 72 -
Inspection of sensors
Use of diagnosis instruments
Inspection item Data display Inspection conditions Intake air temp. Testing parameter
Engine coolant Sensor Ignition switch: When -20℃ -20℃
temperature sensor temperature On or engine operating When 0℃ 0℃
When 20℃ 20℃
When 40℃ 40℃
When 80℃ 80℃
Use of multimeter
1. Remove ECT sensor from intake air manifold;
2. Partly dip temperature sensing part of ECT sensor in hot engine coolant to check resistance.
Temperature (℃) Resistance (kΩ)

0 5.9
20 2.5
40 1.1
80 0.3
3. If resistance differs greatly from standard value, replace sensor.
Harness inspection procedure:
1 Check ground circuit conductivity

●Connector: disconnected
Normal 2
Connector at the
wiring harness Abnormal Repair harness
side (H)
- 73 -
Measure power supply voltage

● Connector: disconnected
● Ignition switch: on
● Voltage (V): 4.5-4.9V
Normal End
Connector at the
wiring harness
side (H)
Abnormal Repair harness
Fault correction procedure
Engine: operating
Yes
No
Check for normal line connection Repair line
Yes
No
Check for normal ECT sensor operation Replace ECT sensor
Yes
No
Check for normal cooling sysem with Replace thermostat
thermostat on (reference chapter EM)
Yes
Erase diagnosis test code (DTC) from memory and

test for the same code again
Replace ECM
DTC: diagnosis test code

ECM: engine control module
ECT: engine coolant temperature
- 74 -
Use of voltmeter
Inspection item Coolant temperature Testing parameter

Engine coolant temperature sensor output voltage When 0℃ 4.05V
When 20℃ 3.44V
When 40℃ 2.72V
When 80℃ 1.25V
Fault correction guide

During engine preheating operation, if idling speed is not high enough or engine generates black smoke, engine
coolant temperature sensor maybe faulty.
Installation
1. Apply LOCTITE 962T sealant or equivalent on threaded parts;
2. Install engine coolant temperature sensor and tighten to specified torque.
Tightening torque: 20-40Nm
3. Tighten connection harness connector.
2. Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor

The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor converts intake air manifold pressure to voltage signals. ECM uses
these signals to determine engine load conditions.
The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor is a resistance type sensor installed inside MAP sensor.
According to intake air signals from sensor, ECM controls provision of required amount of fuel injection.
Circuit diagram
Manifold sensor power Ground

absolute supply (5V)
pressure
input
- 75 -
Inspection Data Inspection conditions Engine status Testing

item display parameter
MAP Intake air ● Engine coolant temperature: 18℃ Idling speed 0.8V
sensor manifold ● All lights, electric cooling fans and accessories When throttle Rise from
pressure closed pedal is 0.8 to 2.4V
● Gear: neutral (auto transmission vehicle P suddenly
range) stepped down at
● Steering wheel: middle position idle speed
Harness inspection procedure

1 Measure power supply voltage
● Plug: disconnected Normal 2
● Ignition switch: On
● Voltage (V): 4.8-5.2
Harness side Abnormal Repair harness

connector (A)
2 Check ECM and air flow sensor for broken

line and short circuit with ground wire and 3
short circuit with ground. Normal
● MAP sensor circuit: disconnected
● ECM: disconnected
connector (A)
Check conduction of grounding circuit

● Plug: disconnected Normal End

connector (A)
- 76 -
Fault correction procedure (MAP sensor)
Engine: operating
Yes
No
Check for normal line harness & connection Repair or replace
Yes
No
否
Check for normal MAP sensor output voltage Repair MAP sensor
Yes
Erase DTC from memory and test again for

the same code
Yes
Replace ECM


Under the following conditions, MIL (fault display indicator) will light up, or DTC will be displayed on diagnosis
instrument.
1. Manifold pressure is kept larger or equal to 4.5V for 4 seconds.
2. Manifold pressure is kept smaller or equal to 0.2V for 4 seconds.
Inspection of sensor [MAP sensor]
1. Connect voltmeter between MAP sensor terminals 1 and 4
Terminal 4: MAP sensor ground
Terminal 1: MAP sensor output
2. Measure terminal voltage
Engine status Test parameter

Ignition switch: On 4-5V
At idling speed 0.8-2.4V
3. If voltage deviates greatly from standard value, replace MAP sensor assembly.
- 77 -
3. Air flow (MAF) sensor and intake air temperature (IAT) sensor
Thermal film type mass air flow sensor consists of thermal film sensor, hood and measurement channels (bridged
branch, sensor element). Since change of air flow causes change of amount of heat exchange between thermal
film detection surface and air flow, by detecting heat exchange at thermal film probe, air flow can be measured.
MAF sensor generates pulses to repeat opening and closing at 5V voltage supplied by engine control module,
resulting in change of thermal film probe temperature and resistance.
IAT sensor Sensor ground MAF Power

signal supply
Engine control module (ECM)
Engine: operating
Yes
No
Check for normal line harness & connection Repair or replace
Yes
Check for normal IAT sensor output voltage No Repair IAT sensor
Yes
Erase DTC from memory and again test for

the same code
Yes
Replace ECM
DTC: diagnosis test code; ECM: engine control module
- 78 -
1. If the engine accidentally stops, start engine and shake MAF sensor harness; if engine stops, check if contact
of MAF sensor connector is normal.
2. When ignition switch is turned on (not starting the engine), if MAF sensor output voltage is not 0, check for
fault in MAF sensor or ECM.
3. If engine can idle when MAF sensor output voltage is not in specified range, check the following:
Inspection item Inspection conditions Testing parameter

Mass air flow sensor output voltage Idle speed 0.5V
2000rpm 1.0V
● If fluctuating air flow enters MAF sensor, check if air pipe is broken or air filter is clogged.
● If combustion is not good in cylinder, check for fault in spark plug, ignition coil and fuel injector, and incorrect
matching.
4. Check installation direction of MAFS.
Note:
● When the vehicle is new (within first 500km), air flow of MAFS will be about 10% higher than standard;
● Use accurate digital voltmeter;
● Before inspection, preheat engine till engine coolant temperature reaches 80-90℃.

● Voltage (V): battery voltage

connector
2 Check for open circuit between PCM and

air flow sensor and grounding Normal 3
short circuit
● PCM connector: disconnected
● MAF sensor connector: disconnected
connector
- 79 -

● Plug: disconnected Normal End

connector
4. Throttle position (TP) sensor

TP sensor is of rheostat type and its output voltage changes with rotation of throttle valve. According to change of
voltage, ECM will detect opening of throttle valve.
Circuit diagram
Terminal voltage (V)
Minimum Maximum
Throttle rotation angle
- 80 -
Inspection of sensor
Use HI-SCAN
Inspection Data display Inspection Throttle Testing parameter
item conditions
TP sensor Sensor Ignition switch: At idle speed position 300-900mV
voltage On Slow opening Increase with opening of throttle
Full opening 4,250-4,700mV
Use voltmeter
1. Disconnect throttle position sensor connector.
2. Measure resistance between terminal 2 (sensor ground) and 1 (sensor PS).
Standard value: 3.5-6.5kΩ
3. Connect a pointer type ohmmeter between terminal 2 and 3 (sensor output).

4. From idle position, slowly operate throttle to fully open position and check steady change of resistance in
proportion with throttle opening angle.
5. If the resistance exceeds specified value or cannot change steadily, replace TP sensor.
Tightening torque: 1.5-2.5Nm TP sensor connector

(sensor side, front view)
Measure TPS power supply voltage

● Voltage (V): 4.5-5.0

connector

● Connector: disconnected Normal 3

connector
- 81 -
ECM harness
side connector Check for open circuit, short circuit, or
grounding of PCM and TPS Normal End
● TPS connector: disconnected

connector

TPS signals are very important in control of automatic transmission. If this sensor is faulty, shaft vibration and
other defects may occur.
5. Idle speed control actuator

Idle speed control actuator is of duel coil type and has two coils, which are driven by separate driving levels in
ECM. According to pulse load factor, balance of electromagnetic forces of these coils will cause the motor turn by
different angles. In order to be parallel to throttle, a bypass hose is arranged, in which idling speed actuator is
installed.
Circuit diagram
Idle Speed Actuator(ISA)
Connector at the ISA side
Connect to
the
connector
Connector at the wiring

harness side (A)
ON OFF
- 82 -
Engine: operating
Yes
Check for normal line connection between No
Maintenance line
ECM and ISC actuator
Yes
Check for normal actuator coil No Replace ISC actuating element
Yes
Erase DTC from memory and again test for No Normal
the same code
Yes
Replace ECM


Under the following conditions, fault indicator will light up or DTC will be displayed on diagnosis instrument.
● Short circuit or open circuit at primary voltage side of ECM;
● Ignition closed loop control in ECM does not follow the correct sequence;
● When the ignition switch is turned on, idling speed air control system has open circuit or short circuit.
Use diagnosis instrument
Inspection item Inspection conditions Instrument display Type

Idling speed control actuator Start engine ISCA Driving
Measure TPSE power supply voltage

● Voltage (V): battery voltage Repair harness
Harness side Abnormal Check power supply
connector
- 83 -
Harness side connector Check for open circuit, short circuit and
grounding beween ECM and
idling speed control actuator Normal End
● ECM connector: disconnected
Harness side ● ISC actuator connector: disconnected
connector Abnormal Repair harness
Inspection of actuator
1. Disconnect the connector on ISC actuator;
2. Measure resistance between terminals.
Standard values:
Between terminals 3 and 2: 10.5-14Ω
ISC actuator side
Between terminals 1 and 3: 10-12.5Ω (20℃) connector
3. Connect connector to ISC actuator.
6. Heating type oxygen sensor (HO2S)

Heating type oxygen sensor detects oxygen concentration in exhaust gas, convert it to a voltage signal and send it
to ECM. When air/fuel mixing ratio is thicker than theoretical air/fuel ration, oxygen sensor output will be about
1V; when air/fuel mixing ratio is thinner (oxygen concentration in exhaust gas is higher), this output will be about
0V. Based on this signal, ECM controls fuel injection rate, so that air/fuel ration is maintained at theorectical value.
Oxygen sensor has a heating element that ensures sensor performance under all running conditions.
Circuit diagram
Connect the connector
Rear Front
oxygen oxygen
sensor sensor
Heating Signal Grounding Signal Heating
Engine Control Module (ECM)
- 84 -
1. If oxygen sensor is defective, abnormal high emission will occur.

2. If oxygen sensor is found normal but sensor output voltage is not in specified range, check the following
(related to air/fuel ratio control system):
● Defective fuel injector
● Air leakage in intake air manifold
● Faulty MAFS, IATS, atmospheric pressure sensor and ECTS
Inspected Inspection conditions Engine status Test parameter
item
Oxygen Engine: preheat (engine deceleration, thin Sudden deceleration from 200mV or lower
sensor mixing concentration, acceleration, thick 4000rpm
concentration) Sudden engine acceleration 600-1000mV
Engine: preheat (use heating oxygen sensor Idling speed 400mV or lower
signal to check air/fuel ratio and ECU (oscilation)
control 2000rpm 600-1000mV
Inspection
Note:
● Before inspection, preheat engine so that ECT is 80-95℃
● Use accurate digital voltmeter
1. Disconnect oxygen sensor connector and measure resistance between terminal 3 and terminal 4.
Standard value
Temperature ℃ 0Resistance (Ω)
Sensor is Sensor Sensor is Sensor
40 30 or above grounded signal grounded signal
2. In case of fault, replace oxygen sensor.

3. Dirctly supply battery voltage beween terminals 3 and 4.
Heater (-) Heater (+) Heater (-) Heater (+)

Front Rear
Connector at the wiring harness side of the
heating oxygen sensor
Note:
When supplying voltage, circuit will be damaged if terminals are connected wrong or there is short circuit.
4. Connect a digital voltmeter between terminals 1 and 2;
- 85 -
5. If engine accelerates repeatedly, measurement oxygen sensor is faulty.
Generator Oxygen sensor input voltage Resistance (Ω)

Acceleration Minimum 0.6V 30 or above
6. If there is a problem, oxygen sensor maybe faulty.

Sensor is Sensor
Tightening torque grounded signal
Heating oxygen sensor:
40-50Nm
Heater (+) Heater (-)

Connector at the heating oxygen sensor
side(front, rear)
Harness side Measure HO2S power supply voltage
connector
Abnormal
Check for open circuit, short circuit or

grounding beween PCM & OS Normal 3
● Oxygen sensor connector: disconnected
Abnormal
Harness side
connector
Harness side Check conductiohn of grounding circuit

connector
(H) ● Connector: disconnected Normal End
- 86 -
7. Camshaft position sensor

CMP (camshaft position) sensor detects camshaft position during compression stroke of NO.1 and NO.4 cylinders
and convert it to a pulse signal.
This signal is input to ECM. Then, ECM will calculate fuel injection sequence according to input signals.
Circuit diagram
Connector at the camshaft

Connector at the position (CMP) sensor side
camshaft position Output characteristic
sensor side
Turn the crankshaft

rotation angle sensor
Harness side connector for a circle
(H)

Harness side
connector

Harness side
(H)
- 87 -

● Connector: disconnected Normal End
● Voltage: 4.8-5.2V
Harness side
(H)

If CMP sensor does not operate correctly, fuel injection sequence will not right, resulting in stop or uneven idling
speed of engine, or abnormal acceleration.
8. Crankshaft position sensor

Crankshaft position sensor detects crankshaft angle (piston position) of each cylinder and convert it to a pulse
signal. Based on such input signals, ECM calculates engine speed and controls fuel injection timing and ignition
timing.
Circuit diagram
Connector at the camshaft

position sensor side
Connector at the Output characteristic
crankshaft position
sensor side
Time
Turn the crankshaft
rotation angle sensor
Harness side for a circle
connector
(H)
- 88 -

1. If shock is felt during driving or the engine suddenly stops, shake crankshaft position sensor harness. If this
causes engine stop, check sensor for poor contact.
2. In case tachometer reading is 0 rpm when starting the engine, check crankshaft position sensor for fault,
timing belt for damage, or ignition system for fault.
3. If engine can idle when crankshaft angle sensor reading is not in specified range, check the following:
● fault in ECT sensor
● fault of idling speed control motor (not adjusted according to reference idling speed)
Use GST
Inspection item Inspection conditions Inspection contents Normal status
Crankshft ● Engine: starting Compare starting speed with Displayed speed
position sensor ● Tachometer connected (to check reading on multi-purpose is the same
on/off of ignition coil) testing instrument
Inspection item Inspection conditions Coolant temperature Testing parameter

Crankshaft ● Engine: idling At -20℃ 1500-1700rpm
position sensor ● Idling speed position switch: On At 0℃ 1350-1550rpm
At 20℃ 1200-1400rpm
At 40℃ 1000-1200rpm
At 80℃ 650-850rpm

Harness side
connector ● Plug: disconnected Normal 2


connector
- 89 -

● Voltage: 4.8-5.2V

connector(H)
9. Fuel injector
Fuel injectors inject fuel according to signals input to ECM. Amount of fuel injected is determined by time of
solenoid valve excitation.
Connector
Connector at the
fuel injector side
Harness side
connector (ABCD)

Harness side
connector (ABCD) Abnormal Repair harness
- 90 -
Check for open/short circuit or grounding

between ECM/injector Normal End

Harness side ● Injector connector: disconnected
Harness side
connector connector Abnormal Repair harness
(H)

1. When the engine is hot, if starting is difficult, check fuel pressure and leakage in fuel injectors;
2. When the engine starts, if fuel injectors do not work, check the following:
● faulty power supply circuit to ECM; faulty grounding circuit;
● faulty fuel injector control relay;
● faulty crankshaft position (CKP) sensor or camshaft position (CMP) sensor;
3. During idling speed, when fuel injection by injectors is cut off according to cylinder sequence, in case idling
speed remains unchanged upon cutting off fuel injection at one cylinder, perform the following inspections for this
cylinder:
● injector and harness;
● spark plug and HV cable
● cylinder compression pressure.
4. In case injection system is normal but injector driving time exceeds specified range, check the following:
● poor fuel in cylinder (spark plug, ignition coil and cylinder compression pressure etc.).
10. Evaporation exhaust carbon tank purification solenoid valve

This solenoid valve is of duty ratio type. It controls purifying air passing the evaporation exhaust carbon tank.
- 91 -
Circuit diagram
Evaporative emission
canister purge solenoid
Evaporative emission
canister purge solenoid
Harness side connector (H)
Engine: operating
Yes
Check for normal line harness & connection No Repair line
Yes
No Replace evaporation carbon
Check for normal electric parts of evaporation tank purification control
carbon tank purification control valve solenoid valve
Yes
Erase DTC from memory and test again for No Normal

the same code
Yes
Replace ECM

- 92 -
Inspection item Inspection conditions Instrument display Type

Evaporation exhaust carbon tank purifidcation Ignition switch: On PCSV Driving
solenoid valve (not starting)
● Testing of actuator

Harness side
connector (A) Abnormal Repair harness
Check for open/short circuit or grounding of

Harness side
connector evaporation exhaust carbon tank purification
solenoid valve & ECM
Normal End
Harness side ● PCSV connector: disconnected
connector (H)
11. Knockmeter
The knockmeter is installed on cylinder body to detect knocking of engine. Engine body vibration will apply
pressure on piezoelectric element and this vibration pressure will be converted to voltage signal for output. If
knocking occurs on the engine,ignition timing will be delayed to stop the knocking.
Knockmeter
- 93 -
Circuit diagram
Signal Ground
Engine: operating
Yes
Check for normal line connection between No Repair sensor
knockmeter and ECM
Yes
No
Check that knockmeter torque meets Retighten sensor bolts
specified value (20±5Nm)
Yes
Check (with new part) for normal No
Replace this sensor
knockmeter
Yes
Erase DTC from memory and test again for No Normal
the same code
Yes
Replace ECM

- 94 -
ECM
harness side Check for open/short circuit or grounding
connector
between ECM and knockmeter
Normal 2
● Knockmeter connector: disconnected
Harness side
connector Abnormal
Repair harness

Harness side
Inspection of sensor
1. Disconnect knockmeter connector

2. Measure resistance between terminals 1 and 2
Standard value: about 5MΩ (20 ℃)
3. If resistance is continuous, replace the sensor
Knockmeter
Sensor tightening torque: 16-28Nm side
4. Measure capacitance between terminals 1 and 2 connector
Standard: 800-1600pF
12. Power steering pressure (PSP) switch

The power steering pressure switch detects power steering load and convert it to low/high voltage signals for input
to ECM. ECM will use these signals to control idling speed control motor.
Power steering oil
pressure switch
- 95 -
Circuit diagram
Harness side
线束侧接头connector
Power 关
steering switch
动力转向开关压力开
pressure switch

Inspection item Data Inspection Steering wheel Normal display
display conditoins
Power steering oil Switch Engine: Steering wheel middle position (vertical) Off
pressure switch status idling speed Turn steering wheel for half a round On


connector
- 96 -
VI. Troubleshooting corresponding to DTCS (diagnosis test codes)

Diagnosis items
DTC (diagnosis test code) Diagnosis item
P0101 Air flow circuit range/performance problem
P0102 Air flow circuit low voltage
P0103 Air flow circuit high voltage
Testing procedure
● Start engine for idling to reach engine operating temperature
● Measure voltage between MAFS terminal 1 and ground
Check if voltage is in specified range (0.2-0.8V)
Yes No
● Turn to close ignition switch and disconnect MAFS connector

● Turn to open ignition switch and measure voltage between MAFS
harness terminal 2 and ground (in specified range 12-14V or not)
Yes No
Measure voltage beween MAFS harness Open/short circuit grounding between MAFS
terminals 2 and 3 (if in specified range 12-14V) and main relay; repair line if required
Yes No
● Turn to close ignition switch, connect MAFS connector Disconnect MAFS from ECM terminal
● Measure voltage between MAFS terminal 2 and ground Repair line and connector if required
(if in specified range 12-14V)
Yes No
● Turn to close ignition switch, connect MAFS connector Open/short circuit grounding between
● Turn to open ignition switch; measure voltage between MAFS and main relay; repair line or
ECM end C15-4 (11) and ground (if in specified range) connector if required
A
(Continued on the next page)
- 97 -
Yes No
Check for poor connection of MAFS line Open/short circuit grounding between
MAFS and ECM terminal C15-4 (11)
Yes No
Repair connection if required Provisionally install a good MAFS

to check for normal operation; if the
problem is solved, replace MAFS
Return the vehicle to initial status, clear all DTC’s and

drive vehicle connected to detection tool to verify
uncertain codes
DTC Diagnosis item

P0112 Intake air temperature circuit low voltage
P0113 Intake air temperature circuit high voltage
Description
Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor is installed inside MAF sensor. IAT sensor is of rheostat type and its resistance
changes with changes with change of air flow temperature at air intake. ECM regulates fuel injector pulse width
according to signals input by IAT sensor. When detected temperature is low, PCM will thicken fuel mixed gas by
increasing fuel injector pulse width. When air temperature is high, fuel injection pulse width will be shortened.
- 98 -
DTC detection conditions Possible causes

● IAT sensor converts intake air temperature to voltage signals and ● MAF sensor fault
outputs them
● PCM module checks if the voltage is in specified range ● MAF sensor circuit broken or short
Inspection range circuit, or loose connector
● 60s or longer since start of engine ● ECM module fault
Judging standard
● Sensor output voltage at 46V or higher (corresponding IAT is -45℃
or lower) for continuous 4s
● Sensor output voltage is 0.2V or lower (corresponding IAT is 125℃
or higher) for continuous 4min.
Circuit diagram
IAT sensor Sensor MAF Power

supply signal ground
- 99 -
Testing procedure
● Turn to open ignition switch

● Connect detection tool to data connector
● Verify if DTC P0112 or P0113 and other DTC’s have been set.
No Yes
● Engine under room temperature (cooling in garage at night recommended) A

● Measure garage air temperature
To next page
● Turn on ignition switch
● Connect detection tool and observe IAT sensor reading (if measured
temperature is very close to garage air temperature)
No; detected temp. is higher No; detected temp. is lower Yes; detected temp. is very
than garage air temperature than garage air temperature closeto garage air temp.
● Turn off ignition switch ● Turn off ignition switch No problem found at this
● Disconnect MAF/IAT ● Disconnect MAFS/IAT timd. Fault is intermittent or
sensors sensors repaired. ECM memory not
● Turn on ignition switch ● Turn of ignition switch erased. Clear codes and verify
● Observe if IAT sensor ● Measure voltage between if IAT sensor reading is in
reading (measured temp.) on ground and MAF/IAT harness normal range
detection tool is now -4.4℃ terminal 4 (if it is 4.5-5.0V)
No Yes Yes, display 4.5-5.0V No, display 0V No, 12V appears
Replace MAF & IAT sensors. Clear Repair short connecting batteries
codes and verify if IAT sensor is in between MAFS/IAT sensors and
normal parameter range ECM. Clear codes and verify if IAT
sensor is in normal parameter range
B C
(To next page) (To next page)
- 100 -
From previous page (A)
● Turn off ignition switch

● Disconnect MAF and IAT sensors
● Measure is resistance between ground and MAF/IAT sensor
harness connector terminal 4 is 1Ω or smaller
Yes No
Replace MAFS and IAT sensor; Repair open line between MAF/IAT
Clear codes & verify if IAT sensor is sensor harness terminal 5 and ECM.
in normal range Clear codes and verify if IAT sensor is in
normal parameter range
From previous page (B) From previous page (C)
B C
● Disconnect MAF and IAT sensor

● Disconnect MAF and IAT sensor ● Turn off ignition switch
● Turn off ignition switch ● Disconnect ECM connector C15-4
● Disconnect ECM connector C15-4 ● Grounding of terminal 5 of MAF/IAT sensor
● Measure resistance between ground and MAF/ harness connector
IAT sensor harness terminal 5; check if there is ● Measure resistance between ground and ECM
open circuit as indicated by the resistance connector C15-4 terminal 17 (if 1Ω or smaller)
No Yes Yes No
Repair short circuit between line Verify tightening of all ECM connectors Repair broken line between
from MAF/IAT sensor harness and if OK, replace MAF/IAT sensors. MAF/IAT sensor harness
terminal 4 to ECM and ground; Clear codes and verify if IAT sensor is in terminal 5 and ECM. Clear
clear codes & verify if IAT sensor normal parameter range. If problem still codes verify if IAT sensor is in
is in normal parameter range exists, replace ECM normal parameter range
- 101 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0115 Engine coolant temperature circuirt fault
P0116 Drifting of engine coolant temperature sensor
Description
ECT sensor is installed in cylinder head coolant channel. ECT sensor is of rheostat type and its resistance changes
with change of temperature of coolant passing the sensor. When coolant temperature is low, sensor resistance is
high; when coolant temperature is high, sensor resistance is low. ECM checks ECT voltage 50 times per second
aend uses such information to adjust fuel injector pulse width and ignition timing. When detected temperature is
very low, ECM will thicken fuel mixed gas concentration.
DTC detection conditions Possible cauess

Background
● ECT sensor converts ECT to voltage for output. ● ECT sensor fault
● ECM checks if voltage is in specified range. Besides, it also ● Open circuit, short circuit or loose
checks that ECT (signal) does not fall during engine preheating. connector in ECT sensor circuit
● ECM fault
Inspection range and judging criteria
● Sensor output voltage is 4.6V or larger (corresponding to coolant
temperature of -45℃ or lower) for continuous 4s.
● Sensor output voltage is 0.1V or lower (corresponding to coolant
temperature 140℃ of or higher) for continuous 4s.
Inspection range and judging criteria

● Sensor output voltage rises from lower than 1.6V to higher than
1.6V (coolant temperature is lowered from higher than 40℃ to
lower than 40℃).
● Later, sensor output voltage is 1.6V or higher for continuous
5min.
Inspection range
● After starting procedure, ECT is about 40℃ or lower (judging
criterion)
● About 60-300s after completion of starting procedure, engine
coolant temperature rises to about 40℃.
- 102 -
Circuit diagram
Engine water temperature sensor
Output voltage
Resistance
- 103 -
Testing procedure
● Turn on ignition switch

● Connect detection tool to data connector
● Verify setting of DTC P0115 or P0116 and DTC P0112
or P0113
No Yes
● Cold engine status Reference chapters P0112/P0113

● Connect detection tool and observe ECT/IAT and execute testing procedure
sensor readings. Is measured temperature the same as
garage air temperature？
Yes No, IAT reading is different No, ECT reading is different
● Turn off ignition switch Reference DTC P0112/P0113 Replace ECT sensor; clear
● Disconnect ECT sensor and execute procedure for codes & verify ECT sensor in
● Turn off ignition switch testing of EAT sensor normal parameter range
● Measure voltage between
ECT sensor harness terminals
1 and 3 (if 4.5-5.0V)
Yes, reading is 4.5-5.0V No, reading is < 4.5V
Replace ECT sensor; clear ● Turn off ignition switch

codes & verify ECT sensor in ● Disconnect ECT sensor
normal parameter range ● Disconnect ECM connector C15-4
● Ground ECT harness connector terminal 3
● Measure resistance between ground and ECM
connector C15-4 terminal 22 (if 1Ω or smaller)
Yes No
Repair open circuit in line between ECT sensor harness connector

terminal 3 and ECM harness connector C15-4 terminal 22. Clear
A
codes and verify ECT sensor in normal parameter range.
To next page (A)
- 104 -
From previous page

A

● Disconnect ECT sensor
● Disconnect ECM connector C15-4
● Meaure resistance between ground & ECM harness
connector C15-4 terminal 22 (if open circuit is displayed)
Yes No
Repair short circuit grounding between ECT sensor harness

connector terminal 3 and ECM harness connector C15-4 terminal
22. Clear codes and verify ECT sensor in normal parameter range

● Disconnect ECT sensor
● Disconnect ECM connector C15-4
If resistance shows open circuit
Yes No
Verify tightening of ECM connectors. Repair open circuit in line between ECT sensor
Replace with a good ECM sensor; if harness connector terminal 1 and ECM harness
the problem remains, replace ECM. connector C15-4 terminal 22. Clear codes and
Clear codes & verify ECT sensor in verify ECT sensor in normal parameter range.
normal parameter range
- 105 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0122 Throttle position sensor low voltage
P0123 Throttle position sensor high voltage
Description
TP sensor is installed beside throttle valve and connected to throttle blade shaft. TP sensor is of rheostat
(potentiometer) type and its resistance changes with throttle blade shaft position. During acceleration, TP sensor
resistance decrease and during deceleration, TP sensor resistance increases. TP sensor also includes an idling
position switch. At idling position, the switch closes. ECM provides TP sensor with a reference voltage and then
measure voltage at TP sensor signal circuit. ECM uses TP sensor signals to adjust timing and fuel injector pulse
width. TP sensor signals and MAP sensor signals are used by ECM together for calculation of engine load.
DTC detection conditions Fault causes
● TP sensor outputs a voltage proportional to throttle opening angle ● TP sensor faulty or incorrectly
● ECM checks if voltage output by TP sensor is in specified range. adjusted
Besides, it checks that output voltage will not be too high during engine ● Open/short circuit or loose connector
idling. in TP sensor circuit
Inspection range and judgment criteria
● With opening of closed TP switch, sensor output voltage will be 2V or ● Fault in opening of closed TP switch
higher in continuous 4s.
● Sensor output voltage is 0.2V or lower in continuous 4s ● Short circuit in closed TP switch
Inspection range signal line
● Engine rotation speed in 500 to 3000rpm ● ECM failed
● Low engine load
Judgment criterion
● Sensor output voltage is 4.6V or higher in continuous 4s
Circuit diagram
- 106 -
Testing procedure
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF.

 Connect the testing tool to the data connecting joint
 Verify if the DTC P0122 or P0123 and other codes have
been set.
No
 Turn the ignition switch to ON and the engine is running at idle speed.
 Use the testing tool to observe the output voltage of the throttle position sensor.
Is the output voltage of the throttle position sensor within the range of 0.3-0.9V.
No, the output is above 0.9V No, the output is above 0.9V Yes, the output is within the
or below 0.3V range of 0.3-0.9V
 Turn on the ignition switch and  Turn the ignition switch to It is an intermittent malfunction or
the engine is not running OFF. has been repaired. ECM memory
has not been cleared. Check the
 Throttle opens completely  Disconnect the TP sensor terminal connection between the
 Try to regulate the output  Turn on the ignition switch ECM and the TP sensor. Clear the
voltage of the TP sensor to 0.4-0.5V and the engine is not running DTCs and verify if the reading of
Can the voltage of the TP sensor be  Use the testing tool to the TP sensor is within the
measure the voltage and see if it allowable range.
regulated to the required value?
is 0V.
Yes No
Replace the TP sensor. Clear the DTCs Repair the short circuit voltage
and verify if the reading of the TP sensor between the TP sensor wiring
is within the allowable range. harness connector terminal No.2
and ECM wiring connector C15-4
terminal No.14. Clear the DTCs
and verify if the reading of the TP
No Yes sensor is within the allowable
range.
 Turn on the ignition switch and the engine is not running

 Keep the throttle valve in full open position.
 Measure the voltage of the TP sensor and see if it is around
4.8V.
B C
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- 107 -
接一页Continued from previous page

B

 Disconnect the TP sensor
 Turn the ignition switch to ON
 Use the voltmeter to measure the voltage between the
ground and the TP sensor wiring harness connector terminal
No. 2 and see if it is 5V.
Yes No
否
 Turn on the ignition switch the engine is not running

Repair the open circuit between the TP sensor
 ●点火开关开，发动机不转
Disconnect the TP sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.2 and ECM
 ●断开MeasureTPand
传感器observe if the resistance between the wiring connector C15-4 terminal No.22. Clear the
DTCs and verify if the reading of the TP sensor is
ground and the TP sensor
●测量地线和 wiring harness connector
TP 传感器线束接头端子 1 间的 within the allowable range.
terminal No. 1 is
电阻是否大约为 1Ω 或更小1 or less.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn on the ignition switch the engine is not Repair the传感器线束接头端子

poor ground and open1 和 circuit
●点火开关开，发动机不转修理 TP ECMbetween
线束
running
the TP sensor wiring harness connector terminal
 ●断开 TP 传感器
Disconnect the TP sensor 接头 C15-4 端子 11 间线路的接地不良或断路
 ●跨过 TP 传感器线束接头端子
Measure 1 和 2，
and observe if the resistance 连接保the
between No.1 and ECM wiring connector
问题，清除代码并验证 C15-4 terminal
TP 传感器在正常参
险丝跨接线
ground and the TP sensor wiring harness connector No.11.
数范围内 Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of
●使用检测工具观察
terminal TP 传感器的输出电压是
No. 1 is 1 or less. the TP sensor is within the allowable range.
否大于 4.8V
No
否 Yes
是
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Replace the TP sensor. Clear the DTCs and verify
●点火开关关闭更换 TP 传感器，清除代码并验证 TP 传感器
 Disconnect the TP sensor if the reading of the TP sensor is within the
 ●断开ConnectTP the
传感器 fuse jumper 在正常参数范围内
 ●保险丝跨接线连接好
Connect ECM allowable range.
 ●ECM
Measure
连接好 the voltage between the ground and the
ECM connector
●测量地线和 C15-4 terminal
ECM 接头 No.22
C15-4 端子 (anode probe)
22 间的电
and压（反探针)
see if it is 5V.是否为 5V
转下一页
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Continued from previous page Continued from previous page

接上一页接上一页
D
C
No
否 Yes
是
The malfunction is caused by incorrect Replace the TP sensor. Clear the

故障已修理，问题是错调 TP 更换 TP 传感器，清除代码并
regulating of the TP sensor and has been DTCs and verify if the reading of the
repaired. 传感器。清除代码并验证
Clear the DTCs and verify TP
if the TP验证传感器在正常参数范
TP is
sensor within the allowable
reading 传感器在正常参数范围内
of the TP sensor is within the 围内
range.
allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to ON and the engine is running Repair the open circuit or short circuit to ground
●点火开关开，发动机怠速
at idle speed. 修理 TP
between the传感器线束和
TP sensor wiring 线束间线路
ECMharness and the
 ●使用检测工具观察怠速开关输出
Use the testing tool to observe if the output throttle of the ECM
的开路或接地短路。清除代码并验证 verify
wiring harness. Clear the DTCs and TP
idle speed position switch is fully closed. if the reading of the TP sensor is within the
节气门是否完全关闭传感器在正常参数范围
allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF Replace the throttle position sensor Clear the
●点火开关关更换节气门位置传感器。清除代码并验
 Disconnect the TP sensor connector
DTCs and传感器在正常参数范围内
verify if the reading of the TP sensor
●TP 传感器接头断开
When the throttle valve moving from the idle speed position 证 TP
to●当节气门从怠速位置移至开启位置时，测量
the open position, measure the resistance between TP 传感 the TP is within the allowable range.
sensor connector terminal
器接头端子 1 和 TP 传感器端子 3 间的电阻 No.1 and the TP sensor terminal No.3.
The resistance shows that there is a short circuit when the
电阻显示在怠速位置时短路，节气门在开启位置时开
throttle valve at the idle speed position and an open circuit when
it 路。电阻测量是否正常
at the open position. Is the measured resistance normal
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace the Replace the TP sensor. Clear the DTCs and
确认 ECM 接头是紧固的。如果正常，更换节气门位置更换节气门位置传感器，清除代码并验
throttle position sensor If the problem remains, replace ECM. verify if the reading of the TP sensor is within
传感器。如问题仍存在，更换 ECM。清除代码并验证证 TP 传感器在正常参数范围内
Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the TP sensor is the allowable range.
TP 传感器在正常参数范围内
within the allowable range.
- 109 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0125 Coolant temperature for closed loop fuel control is not enough
Description
To obtain full high purification rate of CO, HC and NOx in exhaust gas, 3-element catalytic converter is used. To
obtain highest efficiency in using the 3-element catalytic converter, air/fuel ratio must be accurately controlled so
that it is always near theoretical air/fuel ratio. Oxygen sensor is characterized by sudden change of output voltage
at theoretical air/fuel ratio. This characteristics is used to detect oxygen concentration in exhaust gas and feed
back to control system for control of air/fuel ratio. When AFR is thinner, O2 concentration in exhaust gas
increases and O2 sensor prompts ECM thin status (low emf: 0V). When AFR is thicker than theoretical value, this
concentration decreases and O2 sensor notify ECM thick status (high emf: 1V). ECM determines thick or thin
AFR by sensor voltage and control injection time accordingly. But if this sensor fails and has abnormal voltage
output, ECM cannot perform accurate AFR control. Heating type O2 sensor has a zirconia heater controlled by
ECM. When IAT (or exhaust temperature) is low, the sensor will be electrically heated to accurately detect O2
concentration.
● MFI system reduces emission by means of closed loop fuel control ● Heating type O2
● ECM checks time required for start of closed loop fuel control sensor faulty
Inspection range ● Fuel injector faulty
● Engine coolant temperature higher than 80℃ ● Fuel pressure
● Intake air temperature is -10℃ or higher regulator faulty
● Atmospheric pressure is 76kPa or higher ● Fuel pump faulty
● Engine rotation speed is about 2400-3500rpm ● Fuel filter clogged
● Engine load is 26-60% ● Air in exhaust
● Operating in air/fuel ratio feedback zone system
● Monitoring time: 128s ● Exhaust leakage
Judgment criteria ● ECM faulty
● MFI system cannot perform closed loop control within about 30s after startup
● Each stroke is monitored only once
- 110 -
Circuit diagram
Engine water temperature sensor
Output voltage
Resistance
- 111 -
Detection procedure
 Turn the ignition switch to ON position
 Make sure the DTC P0125 has been set and verify if only
the P0123 has been set.
Yes No
否
 The engine is running at idle speed under the normal Refer to the appropriate section and identify
running temperature.
other codes.
 Connect the testing tool and observe if the measured
temperature of the ECT sensor is within the range of 77-88℃.
No, the measured temperature Yes, the measured temperature is within the
否，测量的温度低于是 77℃ is below 77℃. 是，测量的温度在规定的范围内
specified range.
 ●关闭点火开并
Turn the ignition switch to OFF. If there is no problem this time, it is an
此次没有发现问题，问题是间歇性的或
 Disconnect the ECT sensor. intermittent malfunction or has been repaired.
 ●断开 ECTignition
Turn the 传感器 switch to ON 已修理好，ECM 存储器没有清除，清除
ECM memory has not been cleared. Clear the
 ●打开点火开关
Measure and observe if the voltage between the ECT sensor 代码并验证 ECT 传感器在正常参数范
DTCs and verify if the reading of the ECT
●测量 ECT connector
wiring harness 传感器线束接头端子 terminal No.11and
和No.3
3 间电压是否在
is within the 围内
sensor is within the allowable range.
4.5-5.0V 之间
range of 4.5-5.0V.
Yes,
是，在 the voltage
4.5-5.0Vis within
之间 the range of 4.5-5.0V No, the否，所测电压低于
measured voltage is4.5V
below 4.5V.
Replace
更换 ECTthe ECT sensor. Clear the DTCs and
传感器，清除代码并验证 ECTverify
传感if the ●关闭点火开关
Turn the ignition switch to OFF.
 Disconnect the ECT sensor.
reading of the ECT sensor is within the allowable range.
器在正常参数范围内 ●断开 ECT 传感器
Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4
●断开 The ECM
ECT接头 C15-4
wiring harness connector terminal
No.2 is grounded
●ECT 线束接头端子 2 接地
 Measure and observe if the resistance
●测量地线和
between ECMand
the ground 线束接头
the ECM C15-4 端子 13
connector 间
C15-4
的电阻是否为大约
terminal No.13 is 1 or1Ω 或更小
less
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. Replace with

Repair the open circuit between the ECT sensor
确认and
a new ECM 接头坚固，
good 用已知好的部件更换
ECM sensor. ECT
If the problem remains, wiring harness connector terminal No.2 and ECM
传感器，如果问题仍存在，更换 ECM，清除代
replace ECM sensor. Clear the DTCs and verify if the wiring harness connector C15-4 terminal No.13
码并验证
reading ECT
of the 传感器在正常参数范围内
ECT sensor is within the allowable Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the ECT
sensor is within the allowable range.
range.
- 112 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0132 Oxygen sensor circuit short circuit (group 1, sensor 1)
P0134 Time to enter closed loop control is too long
Description
In order to obtain full and high purification rate of CO, HC and NOx in exhaust gas, 3-element catalytic converter
is used. To obtain highest efficiency in using the 3-element catalytic converter, air/fuel ratio must be accurately
controlled so that it is always near theoretical air/fuel ratio. Oxygen sensor is characterized by sudden change of
output voltage at theoretical air/fuel ratio. This characteristics is used to detect oxygen concentration in exhaust
gas and feed back to control system for control of air/fuel ratio. When AFR is thinner, O 2 concentration in exhaust
gas increases and O2 sensor prompts ECM thin status (low emf: 0V). When AFR is thicker than theoretical value,
this concentration decreases and O2 sensor notify ECM thick status (high emf: 1V). ECM determines thick or thin
ECM. When IAT (or exhaust temperature) is low, the sensor will be electrically heated to accurately detect O 2
concentration.
● When aging of heating type sensor starts, sensor signal reaction deteriorates. ● Aging of heating type
● ECM forces change of AFR so that it is thinner or thicker, and checks reaction oxygen sensor
speed of heating type oxygen sensor. Besides, ECM also checks for open circuit in ● Open circuit in heating
heating type oxygen sensor output line. type oxygen sensor
Inspection range output line
● Coolant temperature sensor: normal ● ECM fault
● After completion of startut procedure, heating type oxygen sensor voltage signal is
0.1V or lower for continuous 3min or longer.
● ECT is higher than 80℃
● Engine rotation speed is higher than 1200rpm
● Engine load is 25% or higher
Judgment criterion
● When 5V is supplied to heating O2 sensor output line via resistor, input voltage
supplied to ECM interface circuit is 4.5V or higher
Inspection range
● Coolant temperature sensor: normal
● ECT: 50℃ or higher
● Engine rotation speed: 1500-3000rpm or 1100-3000rpm
● Engine load is 25-60%
● Intake air temperature is -10℃ or higher
● Under closed loop air/fuel ratio control
● Monitoring time: 8s
Judgment criteria
● In case of forced change of AFR (thinner or thicker), heating O 2 sensor signal
cannot response in 1.28s
- 113 -
Circuit diagram
Front oxygen sensor

Rear oxygen sensor
- 114 -
Detection procedure
 Connect the testing tool to the data
connecting joint
 Verify if the DTC P0132 or P0133 have
been set as well as other DTCs
No Yes
是
 Start the engine and warm up the engine to the normal Regulate the conditions affecting the
●起动发动机并暖机至正常工作温度调整影响其它 DTC 设定的条件，
operating temperature.
setting
参照 of other DTCs. Refer to the DTC
 ●打开空调（如果配备)
Turn on the A/C (if equipped) DTC 测试程序
 ●增加发动机转速至 4000rpm，
Increase the engine speed Use the testing tool to testing procedure.
使用检测工具监视氧传感
to 4000rpm.
observe
器电压是否在if the voltage
0 到of900mv
the oxygen
之间变化 sensor changes within the
range of 0- 900mv.
No, the reading is No, the reading is No, the No, the voltage No, the voltage Yes, the voltage
否，电压是恒否，电压是恒否，电压为否，电压变否，电压变
is changing in 是，电压在
a constant voltage a constant voltage reading is 0V is changing in the range below is changing
定的，读数大定的，大约为 0V 但在 500mV 但在 500mV within 100-900mV
the range
of about 450mV. of about 5V or the range below 500mV
约为 450mV 5 或 12V 以下（稀) 以上（浓)
(frequent) of 100-900mV
之间变化
12V 500mV (rare)
Repair the short circuit

voltage in the wiring harness B C D
and verify if the reading of
the oxygen sensor is within
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the allowable range
● When the engine is running, ●· Disconnect the oxygen sensor connector.

measure and observe if the voltage Observe if the voltage reading on the testing tool is
between the front oxygen sensor
changing within the range of 19-58mV.
connector terminal No.1 and No.2 is
changing around 500mV.
No
否 Yes
是
A Repair the short circuit to ground between the Replace the oxygen sensor.
修理氧传感器线束接头端子 1 和 ECM Clear the DTCs and verify if
oxygen sensor wiring harness connector terminal
No.1 and线束接头端子 6 间线路接地短路
C15-4harness
ECM wiring connector C15-4 the reading of the oxygen
Go to next page
转下一页 sensor is within the allowable
terminal 的问题，清除代码并验证氧传感器在正
No.6. Clear the DTCs and verify if the range.
reading 常参数范围内
of the oxygen sensor is within the
allowable range.
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Continued from previous page
Yes
是 No
否

 Disconnect the front oxygen sensor Replace the oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-3 verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within
 The front oxygen sensor wiring harness connector the allowable range.
terminal No.2 is grounded.
 Measure the resistance between the ground and
the ECM connector C15-4 terminal No.22 and see if it
is 1 or less
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace

Repair the open circuit or high resistance caused
with a new and good oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs by other reasons. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
and verify if the reading of the ECT sensor is within reading of the oxygen sensor is within the
the allowable range. allowable range.

接上一页 Continued from previous page
接上一页
B C
The voltage is changing in the range

The voltage is changing in the range 电压变化但在 500mV 以上（浓)
below 500mV (frequent)
below 500mV (rare)
 Check if there is leakage or damage on the lower

end of intake port of the mass air flow sensor.
 Check if there is any crack, leakage or damage
occurred on the exhaust manifold
Yes
是 No
否
Repair or replace the exhaust manifold. ●According to some descriptions in the service manual,
Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading verify if the testing fuel pressure after completing tests is
of the sensor is within the allowable within the specified range and there is no pressure leakage.
range.
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- 116 -
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D E
The voltage is changing within the

range of 0-900mV
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. According to the diagnostic procedure,

 Disconnect the connector on the ignition coil. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading
of the oxygen sensor is within the
 After starting the engine, connect a voltmeter between the allowable range.
battery negative(-) pole post and the contact point lead of the
generator to measure and observe the voltage drop passing the
battery negative pole(-) is below 0.5V.
Yes
是
No
否
Replace the negative battery cable.

 Disconnect negative (-) battery terminal.
 Measure and observe if the resistance between the generator Clear the DTCs and verify if the
cover and the grounding point is around 1 or less. reading of the oxygen sensor is within
the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
 If the malfunction light indicator (MLI) flashes Clean the contact surface of the
intermittently and the DTCP0133 has been set, it may be generator cover and the engine
caused by poor grounding circuit. Clean the negative battery
body. Clear the DTCs and verify if
terminal and engine ground wire as well as the contact surface
of the generator cover and the engine body. the reading of the oxygen sensor is
 If the MLI lights and DTCP0133 has been set, replace in the allowable range.
the oxygen sensor.
 Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the oxygen
sensor is in the allowable range.
- 117 -
DTC Diagnosis item

Description
concentration.

● When the heater is excited, ECM checks if heater current is in specified ● Open or short circuit of oxygen
range. sensor heater circuit
Inspection range: ● Open circuit of oxygen sensor
● Battery voltage is 12-16V. heater
Judgment criteria: ● ECM fault
● Current of heater of heating oxygen sensor (group 1, sensor) is 0.2A or
lower, or 3.5A or higher for continuous 6s;
● Each stroke is monitored only once.
- 118 -
Circuit diagram
Front oxygen sensor

Rear oxygen sensor

- 119 -
Measurement procedure
 Connect the testing tool to the data connecting
joint
 Verify if the DTC P0135 has been set
 Disconnect the front oxygen sensor

 Start the engine.
 Measure and observe if the voltage between the
oxygen sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.1
and the ground wire is within the range of 12-16V.
Yes No
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit or short circuit to ground
 Disconnect the front oxygen sensor
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-3 between the connector terminal and the oxygen
 The front oxygen sensor wiring harness connector sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.3.
terminal No.4 is grounded. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the
 Measure and observe if the resistance between the
oxygen sensor is within the allowable range.
ground wire and the ECM wiring harness connector
C15-3 terminal No.10 is around 1 or less
Yes
是 No
否
● Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the short circuit to ground or other short
● Disconnect the front oxygen sensor circuits between the oxygen sensor wiring harness
● Disconnect the ECM connector C15-3 connector terminal No.4 and ECM wiring harness
● The front oxygen sensor wiring harness connector connector C15-3 terminal No.10. Clear the DTCs
terminal No.4 is grounded. and verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is
● Measure and observe if the resistance between the
ground wire and the ECM wiring harness connector within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
● Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the short circuit to ground or other short
● Disconnect the front oxygen sensor circuits between the oxygen sensor wiring harness
● Measure and observe if the resistance between connector terminal No.4 and ECM wiring harness
connector C15-3 terminal No.10. Clear the DTCs
the oxygen sensor terminal No.3 and No.4 is within and verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is
the allowable range(11-14). within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace Replace the oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and
with a new and good oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within
verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within the the allowable range.
allowable range. If the problem remains, replace ECM .
- 120 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0136 Oxygen sensor circuit open circuit (group 1, sensor 2)
P0140 Oxygen sensor circuit short circuit (group 1, sensor 2)
Description
gas and feed back to control system for control of air/fuel ratio. When AFR is thinner, O2 concentration in exhaust
concentration.

● ECM checks for open circuit in heating oxygen sensor output line ● Heating type oxygen
Inspection range sensor fault
● Coolant temperature sensor: normal ● Open circuit in heating
● After completion of startup procedure, heating oxygen sensor voltage is 0.1V or oxygen sensor output line
lower for continuous 3min or longer ● ECM fault
● ECT is 80℃ or higher
● Engine rotation speed is higher than 1200rpm
● Engine load is 25% or higher
● Monitoring time: 7-10s
Judgment criteria
● When 5V is supplied to heating oxygen sensor output line via a resistor, input
voltage supplied to ECM interface circuit is 4.5V or higher
● Thickening of air/fuel ratio by 15% will not cause rise of heating oxygen sensor
output voltage exceeding 0.1V
- 121 -
Circuit diagram
Front oxygen sensor

Rear oxygen sensor

- 122 -
Detection procedure
● Turn the ignition switch to ON
● Connect the testing tool to the data
connecting joint
● Verify if the DTC P0136 or P0140 have
been set as well as other DTCs
No Yes
Start the engine and warm up the engine to the normal Regulate the conditions affecting the
operating temperature.
Turn on the A/C (if equipped) setting of other DTCs. Refer to the DTC
Increase the engine speed to 4000rpm. Use the testing tool to testing procedure.
observe if the voltage of the oxygen sensor changes within the
range of 0- 900mv.
No, the reading is No, the reading is No, the No, the voltage No, the voltage Yes, the voltage
a constant 否，电压变否，电压变
is changing in 是is，电压
changing 在
is changing in
a constant voltage voltage of about reading is 0V. 但在 500mV 但在 500mV
the range above within the
100-900mV range
of about 450mV 5V or 12V. the range below 500mV of 100-900mV.
以下（稀) 以上（浓) 之间变化
500mV (rare) (frequent)
Repair the short circuit

修正线路线束
voltage in the wiring
中的短
harness and接verify
电 if B C D
the压，并验证氧
reading of the
oxygen sensor is 转下一页
Go to next 转下一页转下一页
Go to next
传感器在正常 Go to next
within the allowable
的参数范围内
range. page page page
● When the engine is running, ●Disconnect the oxygen sensor connector.

measure and observe if the voltage Observe if the voltage reading on the testing tool is
changing within the range of 19-58mV.
between the front oxygen sensor
connector terminal No.1 and No.2 is
changing around 500mV.
No
否 Yes
是
A Repair the short circuit to ground between Replace the oxygen sensor.
the oxygen sensor wiring harness connector Clear the DTCs and verify if
terminal No.2 and ECM wiring harness the reading of the oxygen
转下一页
Go to next page connector C15-4 terminal No.22. Clear the sensor is within the allowable
DTCs and verify if the reading of the range.
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Yes
是 No
否
● Turn the ignition switch to OFF.

Replace the oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and
● Disconnect the rear oxygen sensor
● Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4 verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within
● The rear oxygen sensor wiring harness connector the allowable range.
● Measure and observe if the resistance between
the ground wire and the ECM wiring harness
connector terminal No.2 and the ECM connector
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace Repair the open circuit or high resistance caused
by other reasons. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
with a new and good oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs reading of the oxygen sensor is within the
and verify if the reading of the ECT sensor is within allowable range.
the allowable range.
Continued
接上一页 from previous page Continued
接上一页from previous page
B C
The voltage is changing in the range

The电压变化但在
voltage is changing in the range
500mV 以下（稀) 电压变化但在 500mV 以上（浓)
below 500mV (frequent)
below 500mV (rare)
● Check if there is leakage or damage on the lower

end of intake port of the mass air flow sensor.
● Check if there is any crack, leakage or damage
occurred on the exhaust manifold
Yes
是 No
否
Repair or replace the exhaust manifold. ●According to some descriptions in the service manual,
Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading verify if the testing fuel pressure after completing tests is
of the sensor is within the allowable within the specified range and there is no pressure leakage.
range.
E
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接上一页
Continued from previous page 接上一页
D E
The voltage is changing within the

range of 0-900mV.
Yes No
According to the diagnostic

● Turn the ignition switch to OFF.
procedure, Clear the DTCs and
● Disconnect the connector on the ignition coil.
verify if the reading of the oxygen
● After starting the engine, connect a voltmeter between the sensor is within the allowable
battery negative(-) pole post and the contact point lead of the range.
generator to measure and observe the voltage drop passing the
battery negative pole(-) is below 0.5V.
Yes
是
No
否
Replace the negative battery cable.

● Disconnect negative (-) battery terminal. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
● Measure and observe if the resistance between the generator reading of the oxygen sensor is
cover and the grounding point is around 1 or less. within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
● If the malfunction light indicator (MLI) flashes Clean the contact surface of the
intermittently and the DTCP0136 has been set, it may be caused
generator cover and the engine
by poor grounding circuit. Clean the negative battery terminal and
engine ground wire as well as the contact surface of the generator body. Clear the DTCs and verify if
cover and the engine body. the reading of the oxygen sensor is
● If the MLI lights and DTCP0136 has been set, replace the in the allowable range.
oxygen sensor.
● Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the oxygen
sensor is in the allowable range.
- 125 -
DTC Diagnosis fault

P0141 Oxygen sensor heating circuit fault (group 1, sensor 2)
Description
concentration.

Background ● Open or short circuit in oxygen
● When heater is excited, ECM checks if heater current is in specified sensor heater circuit
range. ● Open circuit of oxygen sensor
heater
Inspection range ● ECM fault
● Battery voltage is 12-16V.
Judgment criteria
● Heater current of heating oxygen sensor (group 1, sensor 2) is 0.2A or
lower, or 3.5A or higher for continuous 6s
- 126 -
Circuit diagram
Front oxygen sensor

Rear oxygen sensor

- 127 -
Detection procedure
● Turn the ignition switch to ON
● Connect the testing tool to the data connecting joint
● Verify if the DTC P0141 has been set
● Disconnect the rear oxygen sensor

● Start the engine.
● Measure and observe if the voltage between the
oxygen sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.3 and
the ground wire is within the range of 12-16V.
Yes No
● Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the connector
● Disconnect the rear oxygen sensor terminal and the oxygen sensor wiring harness
connector terminal No.3. Clear the DTCs and
● Disconnect the ECM connector C15-3. verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within
Measure and observe if the resistance between the the allowable range.
ground wire and the oxygen sensor wiring harness
connector terminal No.4 shows any open circuit in
the circuit.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the ECM wiring
 Disconnect the rear oxygen sensor harness connector C15-3 terminal No.4 and the
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-3. oxygen sensor wiring harness connector terminal
Measure and observe if the resistance between No.4. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of
the ground wire and the oxygen sensor wiring
harness connector terminal No.4 shows any the oxygen sensor is within the allowable range.
open circuit in the circuit.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the short circuit to ground or other short
 Disconnect the rear oxygen sensor circuits between the ECM wiring harness
connector C15-3 terminal No.4 and the oxygen
 Measure and observe if the resistance between sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.4.
the oxygen sensor terminal No.3 and No.4 is within Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the
the allowable range(7-9).
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, Replace the oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and
replace the rear oxygen sensor. Clear the DTCs and
verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within verify if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within
the allowable range. If the problem remains, replace the allowable range.
ECM.
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DTC Diagonosis item

P0171 Fuel mixed gas too thin (group 1)
P0172 Fuel mixed gas too thick (group 1)
Testing procedure
●Use the testing tool to check if there are DTCS stored。

Is there any DTC stored in the ECM memory?
No
否 Yes
是
●Check if there is any air leakage between the air filter and Repair other relevant malfunctions first.
the throttle valve body and any loosened part on the hose and
the pipeline.
No
否 Yes
是
● Check if the vacuum hoses in the engine power

Repair as necessary
compartment (especially the PSV, ISC hoses and the vacuum
booster) are connected correctly.
No
否 Yes
是
●When the engine is running in the idle speed, disconnect

the hoses between the EVAP valve and the carbon canister. Repair as necessary
Check if there is a vacuum in the purifying valve when the
EVAP valve is not working
No
否 Yes
是
●After installing the fuel pressure gauge on the repairing point There is a malfunction in the EVAP carbon
of the fuel pipeline, connect the DLC F/P and B（B+） with a canister purifying valve or the circuit.
jumper. Repair in accordance with DTC P0443
Turn the ignition switch to ON, measure and observe if the fuel repairing procedure.
pipeline pressure is correct.
Idle speed Fuel pressure: 46-49psi
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Yes
是 No
否
Test the front oxygen sensor output wire reversely. Start the Low pressure: clamp the oil return pipe the
engine and warm up the engine to the operating temperature. check if the pressure rises.
When spraying the carburetor cleaning agent in the following  If the pressure rises, replace the pressure
areas within a short time, the voltage on the front oxygen regulator
sensor output terminal is found rising for a quite long time(the  If the pressure does not rise, check the
voltage will rise if the spraying indicator shows that the filter screen in the fuel pump
carburetor cleaning agent has entered into air intake chamber High pressure: disconnect the oil return pipe
and there is a fuel-air mixed gas leakage) Make sure there is at the fuel filter side and blow air to the
enough time to measure the quantity of the carburetor cleaning canister through the pipeline.
agent diffused in those areas.  If the pipeline is clean, replace the fuel
Warning supply module.
Don’t spray the carburetor cleaning agent near the coil or the  If the pipeline is blocked, check the
spark plug lead, or a fire will be caused on the lead or the coil. reasons for it and clean or replace as
 Gasket of the throttle valve body necessary.
 Gasket between the intake manifold and the purifying
If all the above are OK, check the fuel
canister
 Sealing member between the intake manifold and the fuel
injector
 Sealing member between the purifying canister and the
PCV valve.
Is there any gas leakeage?
No
否 Yes
是
● Check if there is any air leakage in the exhaust

system(especially the parts around the exhaust manifold and the Repair as necessary.
oxygen sensor or at the back of the catalyzer)
No
否 Yes
是
 Start the engine; check the reduced engine speed when Repair as necessary
pulling off the joints of the fuel injector one by one.
 Measure the reduced engine speed of all 4 cylinders
Is there no change or just a little chan
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Continued
B
No
否 Yes
是
●Check if the MAFS output signal between the MAFS

Repair as necessary.
output terminal No.2 and the receiving and sending
terminal No.3 is within the allowable range (0.2-0.8V)
when the engine is running at idle speed.
Yes
是 No
否
●Remove the spark plug and check if the color of the Check and repair according to the MAFS
spark plug end is different from that in other cylinders. diagnosis.
No
否 Yes
是
●Check if the input signals of the MAFS, oxygen sensor, Check if there is malfunction in the engine
TPS, ECM and other parts are within the allowable range. mechanism. If no, replace the spark plug.
Yes
是 No
否
Make the vehicle recover to its initial condition and clear Replace all damaged parts
all DTCs. Verify and monitor the unidentified codes by
driving a vehicle equipped with testing tools.
DTC Diagnosis item

P0201，P0202
Fuel injector circuit fault (cylinder-1, cylinder-2, cylinder-3, cylinder-4)
P0203，P0204
Description
Fuel injectors are of solenoid valve type and normally closed. When fuel injector coil is excited (subject to pulse),
injector needle valve will move so that compressed fuel passes the injector and mixes with air entering the engine.
Each fuel injector (one for each cylinder) is fitted inside intake air manifold to facilitate fuel injection into
cylinder head gas inlet.
- 131 -
ECM controls fuel injection timing and pulse width (how long injectors will open). Based on information
provided by engine sensor network, ECM sends pulses to fuel injectors. ECM makes use of crankshaft position
sensor to determine when to send pulse to injectors. ECM uses data such as engine coolant temperature, intake air
temperature, air flow and throttle position etc. to calculate fuel injector pulse width.
ECM also uses sensor network to determine if a pulse will be provided to all injectors (synchronous injection) or
an individual injector (sequential injection). During normal operation of engine, sequential injection is always
used and during engine starting, synchronous injection will be used.

● When an injector is driven, current flows into closed injector coil to ● Injector fault
generate impulse voltage ● Open or short circuit or loose
● ECM checks this impulse voltage. connector in injector circuit
Inspection range ● ECM fault
● Engine rotation speed is 50-1000rpm
● TP sensor output voltage is 1.16V or smaller
Judgment criterion
● Impulse voltage in injector coil is not detected for 4s (system voltage
of +2V)
Circuit diagram
Connect the connector.
#1 fuel #2 fuel #3 fuel #4 fuel

injector injector injector injector
#1 fuel #2 fuel #3 fuel #4 fuel

control device control device control device control device
- 132 -
Detection procedure
 Verify if the DTC P0201, P0202, P0203 or P0204 have been set.
 The engine is running at idle speed under the normal running temperature.
 Check the reduced engine speed when pulling off the joints of the fuel injectors one by
one. Is the reduced speed the same for all fuel injectors?
No Yes
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. It is an intermittent malfunction or has been

 Disconnect the joints of fuel injectors repaired. ECM memory has not been cleared.
 Measure and observe if the voltage between the Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the
ground wire and the fuel injector wiring harness terminal fuel injector is within the allowable range.
No.2 is the same as the battery voltage.
Yes
是 No
否
●断开燃油喷油器
Disconnect the fuel injector Repair the open circuit between the connector
修理接头端子和燃油喷油器线束接头端
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. terminal and the fuel injector wiring harness
●关闭点火开关子 2 间开路情况。清除代码并确认燃油
connector terminal No.2. Clear the DTCs and
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-1. The fuel injector
●断开harness
wiring ECM 接头 C15-1，
connector 燃油喷油器线束接头端子
terminal No.1 is grounded. 1Measure
接地，喷油器在正常参数范围内
verify if the reading of the fuel injector is within
测量地线和
and observe ifECM
the 接头 C15-1
resistance 线束端子间的电阻是否约为
between the ground wire and the the allowable range.
ECM
1Ω 或更小wiring harness connector C15-1 terminal is around 1
or less

Yes
是 No
否

●关闭点火开关 Repair the open circuit between the ECM
 Disconnect the fuel injector wiring harness connector C15-1 terminal
●断开燃油喷油器
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-1
●断开
 ECM 接头
Measure andC15-1
observe if the resistance between the and the fuel injector terminal No.1. Clear
ground wire and the fuel injector wiring harness
●测量地线和燃油喷油器线束接头端子 terminal No.1
1 间的电阻阻值 the DTCs and verify if the reading of the
shows any open circuit occurred. fuel injector is within the allowable range.
是否显示为开路
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Continued
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the short circuit to ground or other
修理 ECM 线束接头 C15-1 端子和燃油喷油器
 Disconnect the fuel injector malfunctions in the circuit between the ECM wiring
Measure and observe if the resistance between the fuel 线束接头端子
harness 间的接地短路或短接其它电路
connector1C15-1 terminal and the fuel injector
connector terminal No.1. Clear the DTCs and verify if
中的故障，清除故障代码并确认燃油喷油器正
injector connector terminal No.1 and No.2 is around the reading of the fuel injector is within the allowable
14.5 under the temperature of 20℃. 常参数范围内
range.
Yes
是 No
否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace Replace the fuel injector. Clear the DTCs and verify
with a new and good fuel injector. Clear the DTCs and if the reading of the oxygen sensor is within the
verify if the reading of the fuel injector is within the allowable range.
allowable range. If the problem remains, replace ECM.
DTC Diagnosis item

P0300 Random fire accident detected
Description
When ignition switch is at “On” or “Start”, voltage is supplied to ignition coil. Ignition coil consists of two coils
and is connected to each cylinder by HV wire. In each expansion stroke (cylinder in compression stroke and
exhaust stroke), ignition coil will light two spark plugs. Coil No.1 will ignite cylinder 1 and cylinder 4, while coil
No.2 will ignite cylinder 2 and cylinder 3.
Ignition power transistor is controlled by ECM and provides a switching circuit ground to excite primary ignition
coil. When primary coil is excited or deexcited, this coil generates a HV peak to pass connected spark plug. At the
same time, rotation speed interface (ignition power transistor part) will supply a rotation speed signal to ECM and
transmission control module (TCM).
- 134 -
DTC detetion conditions Fault causes

● Sudden change of engine rotation speed in case of fire accident during ● Fault of relevant ignition system
engine operation parts
● ECM checks change of engine rotation speed ● Poor crankshaft position sensor
Inspection range signal
● 5s or longer after start of engine ● Incorrect air/fuel ratio
● Engine rotation speed is 500 to 6000rpm ● Low cylinder compression pressure
● Engine coolant temperature is higher than -10℃ ● ECT sensor fault
● Intake air temperature is higher than -10℃ ● Missing tooth in timing belt
● No sudden acceleration/deceleration during operation, e.g. gear shift ● Fuel injector fault
Judgment criteria (change of crankshaft angular acceleration is used for ● Engine control module fault
detection of fire accident)
● Frequency of ignition failure in recent 200 revolutions is higher than
permitted value. [When catalyst temperature is higher than 950℃]
● During 1000 revolutions of electric motor, fire accident frequency is
higher than permitted value (2%)
Circuit diagram
Ignition switch
To spark plug No.1 To spark plug No.1
#1 #2 Ignition
ignition ignition failure
coil sensor
coil
Ignition detecting Speed

Ignition coil Ignition coil signal controller
control device control device
- 135 -
Detection procedure
 Inspect the fuel quality
joint
Is the DTC P0300 the only code that has been set? Is
the octane number of the fuel above 87.
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to ON Refer to the appropriate section and in accordance
 Disconnect the connector on the ignition coil.
with the testing procedure of other setting codes,
Measure and observe if the voltage between the ground
wire and the ignition coil connector terminal No.1 is refill the vehicle with the fuel whose octane number
the same as the battery voltage. is or above 87. Clear the DTCs and verify if the DTC
P0300 has not been set.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the circuits between the connectors of the
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-1 engine parts and the ignition coil connector terminal
 Ignition coil wiring harness connector terminal
No.1. Clear the DTC and verify that the DTC will
No.3 is grounded. Measure and observe if the
resistance between the ground wire and the ECM not present again.
wiring harness connector C15-1 terminal No.10 and
No.23 is around 1 or less.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the ignition coil
 Measure and observe if the resistance connector terminal No.3 and ECM connector C15-1
between the ignition failure sensor wiring harness
terminal No.10 and No.23. Clear the DTC and verify
connector terminal No.2 and the ignition coil
wiring harness connector terminal No.1 is around that the DTC will not present again.
1 or less.
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Go to next page(A)
- 136 -
Continued
接上一页（A) from previous page (A)
Yes No
否

 Ignition failure sensor Repair the open circuit between the ignition failure
 Measure and observe if the resistance between the sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.3 and
ground wire and the ignition failure sensor wiring the ignition coil connector terminal No.2. Clear the
harness connector terminal No.1 and the ignition coil DTC and verify that the DTC will not present again.
wiring harness connector terminal No.1 is around 1
or less.
Yes No
是否
 Disconnect the ignition coil Repair the open circuit between the ignition switch
●断开点火线圈
Connect the ECM connector again. 修理点火开关和点火线圈接头端子 1 间的断路
and the ignition coil connector terminal No.1. Clear
●再连接
Turn theECM 接头 switch to START.
ignition 线路，清除代码并确认代码不再出现。
●点火开关转至起动
Measure and observe if the voltage between the the DTC and verify that the DTC will not present
ground wire and the ignition coil wiring harness again.
●测量地线和点火线圈线束接头端子 3 间的电
connector terminal No.1 is within the range of 4-5V.
压，电压应在 4V 和 5V 之间。
Yes No
是否
Verify  Turn the ignition switch to OFF.

确认ifECMthe ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace
接头是紧固的，如果一切正常，用已知
with a new and good power transistor. Clear the DTC  Disconnect the ignition coil connector.
好的部件更换功率晶体管。清除代码和验证代码不  Measure the resistance between the ignition coil
and再出现。如果问题仍存在，更换
verify that the DTC will not present
ECM。 again. If the connector terminal No.1 and No.2. Pay attention to
problem remains, replace ECM. the resistance of the primary coil.
 Measure the resistances between the ignition
coil spark plug lead terminal No.1 and No.4, and
terminal 2 and No.3. Pay attention to the resistance
of the secondary coil.
 The resistance of the primary coil should be
about 1.3 and resistance of the secondary coil
should be within the range of 10.3K-13.9K. The
measured resistance should be within the
specification.
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接上一页
No No
否

Replace the ignition coil. Clear the DTC and
 Inspect the spark plug, cables, the fuel injector
verify that the DTC will not present again
and the vacuum hose and make sure that all of these
are not damaged and within the specifications.
Yes
是
No
否
Repair or replace the parts damaged or out of the Replace the power transistor. Clear the DTC and
specifications. Clear the DTC and verify that the verify that the DTC will not present again.
DTC will not present again.
- 138 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0301，P0302
Fire accident detection (cylinder-1, cylinder-2, cylinder-3, cylinder-4)
P0303，P0304
Description
Reference random detection of ignition failure (P0300)

● Sudden change of engine rotation speed in case of fire accident during engine ● Fault of relevant ignition
operation system parts
● ECM checks change of engine rotation speed ● Poor crankshaft position
Inspection range sensor signal
● 5s or longer after start of engine ● Incorrect air/fuel ratio
● Engine rotation speed is 500 to 6000rpm ● Low cylinder compression
● Engine coolant temperature is higher than -10℃ pressure
● Intake air temperature is higher than -10℃ ● ECT sensor fault
● No sudden acceleration/deceleration during operation, e.g. gear shift ● Missing tooth in timing belt
Judgment criteria (change of crankshaft angular acceleration is used for ● Fuel injector fault
detection of fire accident) ● EGR valve fault
● Frequency of ignition failure in recent 200 revolutions is higher than ● ECM fault
permitted value. [When catalyst temperature is higher than 950℃]
● During 1000 revolutions of electric motor, fire accident frequency is higher
than permitted value (2%)
Circuit diagram
Ignition switch
To spark plug To spark plug

#1 #2 Ignition
ignition ignition failure
coil coil sensor
Ignition Speed
Ignition coil Ignition coil detecting signal controller
control device control device
- 139 -
Detection procedure
 Make sure that the fuel whose octane number is or above
87 is used on the vehicle.
 Verify if the DTC P0301, P0302, P0303 or P0304 as well
as DTC P0201, P0202, P0203 or P0204 have been set or if the
fuel whose octane number below 87 is used.
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Complete relevant testing procedures. If

 ●关闭点火开关
Disconnect the ignition coil connector. necessary, refill with the fuel whose
 ●断开点火线圈接头
Measure the resistance between the ignition coil connector octane number is or above 87. Clear the
terminal No.1 and No.2. Pay 1attention
●测量点火线圈接头端子 to the resistance of the
和 2 间的电阻，注意初级线 DTC and verify that the DTC will not
primary coil.
present again.
 圈电阻值Measure the resistance between the ignition coil spark plug
lead terminal No.1 and No.4.
●测量点火线圈火花塞引线端子 1 和 4 间的电阻
 Measure the resistance between the ignition coil spark plug
●测量点火线圈火花塞引线端子
lead 2 和 to
terminal No.2 and No.3. Pay attention 3 间的电阻，注意
the resistance of the
次级线圈电阻值
primary coil.
The resistance of the primary coil should be about 1.3 and
初级线圈电阻值是否大约为
resistance of the secondary coil1． 3Ω,次级线圈电阻是否在
should be within the range of
10.3-13.9kΩ
10.3K-13.9K. 之间
Yes
是 No
否
Replace the ignition coil. Clear the DTC

 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. and verify that the DTC will not present
 Check if the spark plug, cables, the vacuum hose and again.
the connector are not damaged.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair or replace the parts. Clear the DTC
●关闭点火开关
Check if the fuel injector is blocked or if it is in normal and verify that the DTC will not present
●检查燃油喷油器是否堵塞，燃油喷油器是否正常 again.
condition.
Yes
是 No
否
Clean or replace the fuel injector. Clear

Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace ECM. the DTC and verify that the DTC will not
Clear the DTC and verify that the DTC will not present again. present again.
- 140 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0325 Knock-meter circuit fault (group 1)
Detection procedure
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF and disconnect the connectors of the
knock sensor and the ECM.
 Measure and observe if the resistance between the knock sensor
terminal No.2 (to ECM) and the ECM is less than 1.
Yes No
●Measure and observe if the resistance between the knock Disconnect the knock sensor terminal No.2
sensor terminal No.3 (to ECM) and the ECM is less than 1. from the ECM and repair as necessary.
Yes No
否
●Measure and observe if the resistance between the knock Disconnect the knock sensor terminal
断开爆震传感器端子 3 和 ECM No.3
间的连from
sensor terminal No.1 (to ECM) and the ECM is less than
the 接，按需要修理
ECM and repair as necessary.
1.
Yes No
是否
 Connect the knock sensor connector and the ECM Disconnect the knock sensor
●再连接爆震传感器接头和 ECM 接头断开爆震传感器端子 1 和terminal No.1 from
ECM 间的连
connector again. the接，按需要修理
ECM and repair as necessary.
●测量爆震传感器端子
Measure and observe3（至 if theECM) 和地线间的电阻
resistance between the
是否小于
knock sensor1Ω
terminal No.3 (to ECM) and the ground wire
is less than 1.
Yes No
是否
knock sensor terminal and 3the terminal No.2 is（在
within the The knock sensor terminal No.3 and the ECM
●测量爆震传感器端子
specified range ( 4.87M10% 和端子 2 间的电阻
under 20℃
the temperature of 爆震传感器端子 3 和 ECM 端子 3 接地短
terminal No.3 is short circuit to the ground.
时 4.87MΩ±10%) 是否在规定范围内
20℃). 路，按需要修理
Yes No
是否
The terminals are bad connected because of oxidation, Replace with a new and good knock sensor and
由于氧化、弯曲或端子错位造成端子接触不良，按需先用已知好的爆震传感器部件安装上并
bending and terminal misplacement. Repair as necessary. check if it is working correctly. If yes, replace
要进行修理检查是否运行正常，如果问题解决，更
knock sensor.
换爆震传感器
Make the vehicle recover to its initial condition and clear all DTCs,
返回车辆至原始状态，清除所有故障诊断代码，通过行
and then verify and monitor the unidentified DTCs by driving a
驶连接有检测工具的车辆来验证和监控悬而未决的代码
vehicle equipped with testing tools.
- 141 -
DTC Diagnosis item

Description
Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor consists of a magnet and a coil near flywheel. This sensor sends a voltage signal
to ECM to determine engine rotation speed and crankshaft position.

● During engine operation, crankshaft position sensor outputs a pulse signal ● Crankshaft position sensor
● ECM checks for pulse signal input during engine startup fault
Inspection range ● Open circuit or short circuit in
● Engine already started crankshaft position sensor circuit
Judgment criteria ● ECM fault
● Sensor output voltage not changing (no pulse signal input) for 4s
● No normal signal input from crankshaft position sensor and camshaft
position sensor for 4s
Circuit diagram
Connect the connector.
Camshaft Crankshaft
position position
sensor. sensor
Camshaft position signal Crankshaft position signal

- 142 -
Detection procedure

joint
●点火开关打开
Ignition switch at ON position
 Disconnect the crankshaft position (CKP) sensor.
●断开曲轴位置（CKP)
Measure and observe 传感器if the voltage between the
●测量地线和 CKP 传感器线束接头端子
ground wire and the CKP sensor wiring 3 间的电
harness
压是否为蓄电池电压，
terminal No.3 is the same as the battery voltage.
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the CKP sensor
●点火开关关闭
 Disconnect the CKP sensor
wiring harness connector terminal No.3 and the
 ●断开 CKP 传感器
Disconnect the ECM connector C15-2
 ●断开 CKP ECM 接头
sensor C15-2
wiring harness connector terminal No.2 engine part connector terminal No.D10. Clear the
is ●CKP 传感器线束接头端子
grounded. 2 接地，测量地线和
Measure and observe if the resistance DTCs and verify if the reading of the CKP sensor
ECM 线束接头 C15-4 端子 5 间的电阻是否大约为
between the ground wire and the ECM connector C15-4 is within the allowable range.
1Ω 或者更
terminal is 1 or less.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the CKP sensor
 Disconnect the CKP sensor 修理 CKP 传感器线束接头端子 2 和 ECM 线束
 Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4. Measure wiring harness connector terminal No.2 and the
接头 C15-4 端子 19 间的开路现象，清除代码
and observe if the resistance between the ground wire ECM wiring harness connector C15-4 terminal
并确认 CKP 传感器在正常参数范围内
and the CKP sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.19. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of
No.2 shows any open circuit in the circuit.
the CKP sensor is within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
Repair the short circuit to ground or other short circuits

修理 CKP 传感器线束接头端子 2 和 ECM
between the CKP sensor wiring harness connector
线束接头 C15-4 端子 19 间的接地短路或短
terminal No.2 and the ECM wiring harness connector
接其它回路中的问题，清除代码并确认
C15-4 terminal No.19. Clear the DTCs and verify if
CKP 传感器在正常参数范围内
the reading of the CKP sensor is within the allowable
range.
A
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- 143 -

接上一页

 Measure and observe if the resistance between the ground wire and the CKP sensor
wiring harness connector terminal No. 1 is 1 or less.
Yes No
否
●Check if there are damaged parts or fragments Repair the open circuit or short circuit to ground in the
修理接地线路中的开路或接地不良现象,清除
in the CKP sensor and if the CKP is in the normal ground wire. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading
conditions. of 代码并确认 CKP
the CKP sensor 传感器在正常参数范围内
is within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
Turn the ignition switch to ON Repair
修理或更换or replace
CKPthe传感器,清除代码并确认
CKP sensor. Clear the DTCs
CKPand
verify if the reading of the CKP sensor is within the
 ●断开 CKPthe
Connect 传感器
PCM connector. 传感器在正常参数范围内
 ●接上 PCMand
Measure 接头 observe if the voltage between the allowable range.
ground wire
●测量地线和 CKP and the 传感器线束接头端子
CKP sensor wiring harness
2间
terminal No.2 is around 5V.
的电压是否大约为 5V
No
否 Yes
是
Verify
确认ifPCM ECM connector is fastened. If yes, Repair
the 接头已紧固,如果一切正常,用一个修理或更换or replace the 传感器,清除代码并确认
CKP CKP sensor. Clear the DTCs
CKPand
replace with a new andCKP
已知好的部件更换 CKP sensor. Clear the verify
good传感器,清除代码并 if the reading of the CKP sensor is within the
传感器在正常参数范围内
DTCs
确认and verify
CKP if the reading of the CKP sensor is allowable range.
传感器在正常参数范围内.如果问
within the allowable
题仍存在,更换 ECM range. If the problem remains,
replace ECM.
DTC Diagnosis item

Description
Camshaft position (CMP) sensor monitors #1 cylinder top dead center (TDC) in compression stroke. Signals of
CMP sensors are provided to ECM for determination of fuel injector sequential starting point.
- 144 -

● Camshaft position sensor outputs pulse signal during engine operation ● Camshaft position sensor fault
● ECM checks for input of pulse signal ● Open circuit, short circuit or
Inspection range and judgment criteria loose connector in camshaft
● No change of sensor output voltage (no pulse signal input) for 4s position sensor circuit
● No normal signal input from crankshaft position sensor and camshaft ● ECM fault
position sensor for identification of cylinder for 4s
Circuit diagram
Camshaft Crankshaft
position position
sensor sensor
Camshaft position signal Crankshaft position signal
- 145 -
Detection procedure
 Connect the testing tool to the data
connecting joint
 Verify if the DTC P0340 has been identified.
 Ignition switch at ON position

●点火开关打开
 Disconnect the camshaft position (CMP) sensor
 ●断开凸轮轴位置(CMP)传感器
Measure and observe if the voltage between the
●测量地线和 CMPCMP
ground wire and the 传感器线束接头端子 3 间的
sensor wiring harness terminal
电压是否为蓄电池电压
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit between the CMP sensor wiring
●点火开关关闭修理 CMP 传感器线束接头端子 3 和发动机
 Disconnect the CMP sensor harness connector terminal No.3 and the engine part
 ●断开 CMP 传感器
Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4 部件连接体端子间的开路,清除代码并确认
connector terminal. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
 ●断开The ECM
CMP 接头 C15-4 wiring harness connector
sensor reading 传感器的信号在正常参数范围内
CMP of the CMP sensor signal is within the allowable
●CMP 传感器线束接头端子 2 接地 range.
●测量地线和
ground wire and ECM 线束接头端子
the ECM 18 间的电阻
wiring harness connector
是否大约等于
terminal 1Ω 或更小
No.18 is around 1 or less.
Yes
是 No
否
 ●点火开关关闭 Repair the open circuit between the CMP sensor wiring
Disconnect the CMP sensor 修理 CMP 传感器线束接头端子 2 和 ECM
 ●断开Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4 harness connector terminal No.2 and the ECM wiring
CMP 传感器线束接头端子间的开路问题,清除代码并确
harness connector terminal. Clear the DTCs and verify if
●断开
ground ECM and
wire 接头the C15-4
CMP sensor wiring harness the认reading
CMP 传感器的信号在正常参数范围内
of the CMP sensor signal is within the
●测量地线和
connector terminalCMP 传感器线束接头端子
No.2 2 间的
shows any open circuit in the allowable range.
circuit.
电阻是否显示为回路开路
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the short circuit to ground between the CMP
●点火开关关闭修理 CMP 传感器线束接头端子 2 和 ECM 线
 Disconnect the CMP sensor sensor wiring harness connector terminal No.2 and the
 ●断开 CMPand
Measure 传感器 observe if the resistance between the ECM束接头端子间的接地短路问题,清除代码并
wiring harness connector terminal. Clear the DTCs
ground wire and the传感器线束接头端子
●测量地线和 CMP CMP sensor wiring1 间的
and确认
verify
CMP if 传感器的信号在正常参数范围内
the reading of the CMP sensor signal is
harness
电阻大小是否为大约等于或小于 1Ω within the allowable range.
connector terminal No. 1 is 1 or less.
Yes
是 No
否
 ●检查CheckCMP
if 传感器是否破损或失调,同时确认
the CMP sensor is damaged or Repair
修理the CMPopen circuit between the1CMP
传感器线束接头端子和地线间的 sensor wiring
maladjusted
正时已是否调整正确 and verify if the timing is adjusted harness connector terminal No.1
开路问题,清除代码确认 CMP and the ground wire.
传感器信号在
correctly. Clear the DTCs and verify if the reading of the CMP
正常参数范围内
sensor signal is within the allowable range.
- 146 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0350 Fault fo ignition coil primary/secondary circuit
Testing procedure
●Turn the ignition switch to ON and disconnect the
ignition coil connector.
 Turn the ignition switch to ON. Measure and
observe if the voltage between the ignition switch
terminal No.4 and the ground wire is within the
specified range.
Yes No
否
●Turn the ignition switch to OFF and measure the There is a short circuit between the ignition coil
●关闭点火开关并测量初级线圈电阻[在 20℃时
resistance of the primary coil [0.66-0.88 under the
0.66-0.88Ω] terminal No.4 and the ignition switch. Repair as
temperature of 20℃]
●测量次级线圈电阻[在
Measure and observe 20℃时if the 11.3-15.3kΩ].
resistance of the necessary.
primary coil is within the specified range[11.3-15.3k
电阻是否在规定值范围内
under the temperature of 20℃].
Yes
是 No
否
The terminals are bad connected because of oxidation, Install with an ignition coil in good condition
由于氧化,弯曲或错位,端子接触不良,按需要进行
bending temporarily and check if it is working correctly.
修理 and terminal misplacement. Repair as necessary. If yes, replace the ignition coil.
 Turn the ignition switch to ON. Measure and observe if

●打开点火开关并测量 ECM 端子(气缸 1 和 4)和
the voltage between the ECM terminal (cylinder No.1 and
地线间的电压是否在规定值范围内
No.4) and the ground wire is within the specified range.
Yes
是 No
否
●测量Measure and observe2 if

ECM 端子(气缸和the voltage between the
3)和地线间电压是否 There
点火线圈端子is an open3和 or ECM
short 端子间开路或短路,
circuit between the
ECM terminal (cylinder No.2 and No.3) and the ignition coil terminal No.3 and the ECM terminal.
在规定值范围内
ground wire is within the specified range. 按需要进行修理
Yes
是 No
否
Make the vehicle recover to its initial condition and clear There is an open or short circuit between the ignition
将车辆返回至原始状态,清除所有故障诊断代码, 点火线圈端子 1 和 ECM 端子间开路或短路,
all DTCs, and then verify and monitor the unidentified
通过行驶连接有检测工具的车辆来确认和监控 coil terminal No.1 and the ECM terminal. Repair as
按需要进行修理
DTCs by driving a vehicle equipped with testing tools.
悬而未决的代码 necessary.
- 147 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0421 Heating catalyst efficiency lower than limit value (group)
Description
ECM compares wave forms of oxygen sensors in front of and behind catalyst to determine if catalyst performance
has deteriorated. Air/fuel ratio feedback compensation maintains cyclic change (thick to thin and thin to thick) of
wave form of oxygen sensor in front of catalyst.
If catalyst function is normal, wave form of oxygen sensor behind catalyst will change (cyclicly between thick and
thin) slower than that of the oxygen sensor in front of catalyst. However, when these wave forms change at similar
speed, catalyst performance has deteriorated.

● Signal of heating oxygen sensor behind catalytic converter is different from ● Aging of catalytic converter
that of the sensor in front of the converter. This is because catalystic converter ● Heating oxygen sensor fault
purifies exhaust gas. After aging of catalytic converter, these signals become ● ECM fault
similar.
● ECM checks output of heating oxygen sensor
Inspection range
● Engine rotation speed is greater than or equal to 3000rpm
● Close throttle position switch: off
● Under closed loop air/fuel ratio control
Judgment criterion
● Abnormal signal of front or rear heating oxygen sensro
- 148 -
Detection procedure

joint
 Verify if the DTC P0421 as well as other DTCs
relevant to the oxygen sensor have been set.
No Yes
是
 Turn the ignition switch to ON and the engine is In accordance with the DTC testing procedure,
●点火开关打开,发动机运行
running.
 ●检查在催化剂前后是否有泄漏
Check if there is a leakage at the front or back of the check P0133, P0135, P0136 or P0141 first.
catalyzer.
 ●检查前,后氧传感器周围是否有泄漏
Check if there is a leakage around the front or rear
oxygen sensor. Is the exhaust system near to the catalyzer
催化剂和氧传感器周围的排气系统是否都正常
and the oxygen sensor in the normal condition.
Yes
是 No
否
 In accordance with the DTC P0136 testing Tighten the parts on the leaking parts. Clear the
●按照 DTC P0136 测试程序检查后氧传感器是否拧紧泄漏部位的零件,清除代码并确认氧传
procedure, check if the oxygen sensor is in the normal DTCs and verify if the reading of the oxygen
正常
condition. 感器信号在正常参数范围内
sensor signal is within the allowable range.
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair or replace the rear oxygen sensor. Clear the
●点火开关关闭修理或更换后氧传感器,清除代码并确认氧
 Replace the catalyzer.
 ●更换催化剂
Clear the DTC P0421 from the memory. DTCs and verify if the reading of the oxygen
传感器的信号在正常参数范围内
 ●从存储器中抹去
Make the vehicle DTC P0421
subject to the road test and verify sensor signal is within the allowable range.
●对车辆进行路试并确认
if the DTC P0421 是否再出现
DTC P0421 presents again.
Yes
是 No
否
Verify
确认 ifECM the 接头是紧固的,如果一切正常,更换
ECM connector is fastened. If yes, The problem is resolved and other tests are
问题已解决,不需要其他的测试
replace the ECM. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
ECM,清除代码并确认氧传感器信号在正常参数 unnecessary.
reading
范围内of the oxygen sensor signal is within the
allowable range.
- 149 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0443 Fault of evaporation exhaust control system purification control valve circuit
Description
This evaporation system absorbs vapor in fuel tank and burns it as part of fuel storage, so as to lower COx
emission. Evaporated fuel will be stored in active carbon tank till absorbed into air intake manifold.

● When solenoid valve is turned on and off, ECM checks current in ● Fault of evaporation exhaust
evaporation exhaust purification solenoid valve driving circuit purification solenoid valve
Inspection range ● Open circuit, short circuit or
● Battery voltage greater than or equal to 10V loose connector in evaporation
Judgment criterion exhaust purification solenoid
● When EVAP exhaust solenoid valve is turned on/off, EM coil purification valve circuit
voltage (system voltage of +2V) is not detected. ● ECM fault
Circuit diagram
Connect the
connector
Purge control solenoid

valve (PCSV)
PCSV control device

Engine Control Module
(ECM)
- 150 -
Testing procedure
joint

●关闭点火开关
 Disconnect the PCSV connector.
 ●断开 PCSV
Turn the 净化控制电磁阀接头
ignition switch to ON
Measure and observe if the voltage between the
●测量地线和
ground wire and PCSV 线束接头端子
the PCSV 2 间的电压
wiring harness terminal
是否为蓄电池电压
Yes No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the open circuit or short PCSV
circuit接头端
to ground
●关闭点火开关修理发动机部件连接体端子和
 Disconnect PCSV.
between the engine part connector terminal and the
 ●断开 PCSV the ECM connector C15-1. the PCSV
Disconnect 子 2 间线路的开路或接地短路的情况，清除
●断开
wiring ECM connector
harness 接头 C15-1，PCSV 线束接头端子
terminal No.1 is grounded.1 PCSV connector
代码并确认 terminal
PCSV No.2. Clear the DTCs and
在正常参数范围内
 接地 Measure and observe if the resistance between the verify if the reading of the PCSV is within the
ground
●测量地线和 wire and ECM
the 线束接头
ECM wiring harness
C15-1 端子 connector
9 间电 allowable range.
C15-1 terminal
阻是否大约为 1Ω 或更小 No.9 is 1 or less
Yes
是 No
否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair

●点火开关关闭修理 theECM open
接头 circuit
C15-1between
端子 9 the ECM 线束
和 PCSV connector
 Disconnect ECM.
C15-1 terminal No.9 and the PCSV wiring harness
●ECM 断开 PCSV.
Disconnect 接头端子 1 之间的开路线路清除代码并确认
●PCSV 断开and observe if the resistance between
Measure connector terminal No.1. Clear the DTCs and verify if
PCSV 在正常参数范围内
the ground
●测量地线和 wirePCSV
and 线束接头端子
the PCSV wiring
1 间的电阻harness the reading of the PCSV is within the allowable range.
connector terminal No.1 shows any open circuit in
显示是否为开路
the circuit.
Yes
是 No
否

●关闭点火开关修理the PCMshort接头端子
circuit to9ground
和 PCSV or other
接头端子 short circuits
1
 Disconnect PCSV.
between
间的接地短路或短接其它回路等问题，清除 the
the PCM connector terminal No.9 and
●断开 PCSVand observe if the resistance between
Measure
PCSV connector terminal No.1. Clear the DTC and
the●测量
PCSVPCSV 接头端子
connector 1 和 2No.1
terminal 间电阻是否大约
and No.2 is 代码并确认代码不再出现
为 27Ω verify that the DTC will not present again.
around 27
Yes
是 No
否
Verify
确认if PCM
the PCM connector is fastened. If yes, replace
接头是紧固的，如果一切正常，用 Replace PCSV. Clear the DTCs PCSV
更换 PCSV，清除代码并确认 and verify
在正常if the
with a PCSV
一个已知好的部件更换 in good condition. Clear the DTCs and
PCSV，清除代码并确 reading
参数范围内of the PCSV is within the allowable range.
verify if the在正常参数范围内，
认 PCSV reading of the PCSV is within the
如果问题仍存在，
allowable
更换 PCM range. If the problem remains, replace PCM.
- 151 -
DTC Diagnosis item

Description
When the vehicle runs, vehicle sensor will output a pulse signal and ECM will check for pulse signal output.

● When the vehicle is running, speed sensor will output a pulse signal ● Fault of speed sensor
● Check ECM for output of pulse signal ● Open circuit, short circuit or loose
Inspection range connector in speed sensor circuit
● Close throttle position switch: off ● Fault of ECM
● Engine rotation speed greater than or equal to 3000 rpm
● Engine load greater than or equal to 70%
Judgment criterion
● No change of sensor output voltage (no pulse sigal input) for 4s
Circuit diagram
Junction box in the

passenger compartment
Vehicle speed
sensor
Vehicle speed input
- 152 -
Testing procedure

joint
 Driving the vehicle and observe if the
speedometer is working.
是否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the speedometer cable and/or driving
●关闭点火开关修理有缺陷的速度表电缆和/或驱动齿
 Check if the connector between the VSS and the gear parts with defects. Clear the DTCs and
●检查 VSS 和变速箱齿轮间接口是否正常轮部件，清除代码并确认
verify VSS信号在
if the reading of the VSS signal is
transmission gear.
正常参数范围内
within the allowable range.
是否

●关闭点火开关修理the VSSconnector between the VSS and the
和变变速箱齿轮间的接口，
 Disconnect the VSS connector.
transmission gear. Clear
VSSthe DTCs and verify
 ●VSS 接头断开
Disconnect the ECM connector C15-4. 清除代码并确认信号在正常参数
 ●断开 ECM 接头 C15-4
The VSS wiring harness connector terminal No.3 is if the
范围内 reading of the VSS signal is within the
grounded.
●VSS 接头线束端子 3 接地 allowable range.
●测量地线和
ground ECMECM
wire and the 线束接头wiringC15-4 端子
harness 16 间的电
connector C15-4
阻是否大约为
terminal 1Ωor或更小
No.16 is 1 less
是否
 Turn the ignition switch to OFF. Repair the circuit between the VSS wiring
 ●点火开关关闭
Disconnect the VSS connector. 修理 VSS 线束接头端子 3 和 ECM 线束
harness connector terminal No.3 and the ECM
 ●VSS 接头断开
Disconnect the ECM. 接头 C15-4
wiring harness端子 16 间的线路，清除代码
connector C15-4 terminal
 ●ECM 断开 and observe if the resistance between the
Measure 并确认 VSS 信号在正常参数范围内
No.16. Clear the DTCs and verify if the
●测量 VSSconnector
VSS wiring 线束接头端子 3 和地线间的电阻是否显
terminal No.3 and the ground wire reading of the VSS signal is within the
allowable range.
示是一个开路
shows any open circuit in the circuit.
是否
Verify if the ECM connector is fastened. If yes, replace Repair the short circuit to ground and other short
确认
with ECMin接头是紧固的，如果一切正常，用已知
a VSS good condition. Clear the DTCs and verify 修理 VSS
circuits 线束接头端子
between the VSS3 和 ECM 线束
wiring harness
if 好的部件更换 VSS，清除代码并确认
the reading of the VSS signal is within VSS 信号在
the allowable 接头 C15-4
connector 端子 16
terminal 间的接地短路或短接
No.3 and the ECM wiring
range. If the problem remains,
正常参数范围内，如果问题仍存在，更换 ECM replace ECM. harness connector C15-4 terminal No.16.
其它电路问题，清除代码并确认 VSS 信Clear
the DTCs and verify if the reading of the VSS
号在正常参数范围内
signal is within the allowable range.
- 153 -
DTC Diagnosis item

P0507 Idling control-high rotation speed
Description
Amount of air intake during idling is controlled by opening or closing the idling control valve on throttle air
bypass. In case of fault in ISC system, actual engine rotation speed will be different from target engine rotation
speed. ECM will check this difference.

● In case of fault in ISC system, actual engine rotation speed will be ● Fault of idling speed control motor
different from target engine rotation speed. ● Open circuit, short circuit or loose
● ECM checks this difference. connector in idling speed control motor
Inspection range ● Fault of ECM
● Under closed loop idling speed control
Judgment criteria
● Actual idling speed higher than target idling speed by 300rpm or
more for continuous 10s
Inspection range
● During idling speed closed loop control
● During recent running, highest air temperature is smaller than or
equal to 45℃
● Fuel tuning is -8% to +8% for a long time
● Engine coolant temperature higher than or equal to 80℃
● Battery voltage higher than or equal to 10V
● Intake air temperature greater than or equal to -10℃
Judgment criterion
● Actual idling speed higher than target idling speed by 200rpm or
more for 10s
Inspection range
● During idling speed closed loop control
● Power steering pressure switch closed
● Engine load smaller than or equal to 40%
● Intake air temperature greater than or equal to -10℃
Judgment criterion
● Actual idling speed lower than target idling speed by 120rpm or
more for 10s
- 154 -
Circuit diagram
Idle speed control

valve
Switch on Switch off
VII. Ignition system (DOHC)

Ignition timing is controlled by ECM. Engine operation ignition
timing data are programmed and stored in ECM. Engine
operation conditions (speed, load, warming etc.) are detected by
various sensors. Based on such sensing signals and data stored
in ECM, signal to cut off primary current is sent to power
transistor. Igntion coil will be energized and timing controlled
at optimum point.
*CKP: crankshat position; *CMP: camshaft position
Ignition
2.4 14
Type
Primary coil resistance 0.86±10%(Ώ)
Secondary coil resistance 12.1±15%(Ώ)
- 155 -
Spark plug
2.4 14
Type
Champion RNIOPYP4
NGK PGR5C-11
Spark plug clearance 1.0-1.1 mm
Ignition system
Fault phenomena Fault causes Correction
Engine cannot start or Ignition lock switch fault Replace ignition lock switch
start with difficulty Ignition coil fault Check ignition coil
(rotation of crankshaft is Power transistor fault Check power transistor
normal) High voltage line broken or damaged Check HV line
Spark plug fault Replace spark plug
Poor idling or engine stop High voltage line fault Check HV line
Ignition coil fault Check ignition coil
Spark plug wire fault Check spark plug wire
Slow or failed engine Spark plug fault Replace spark plug
acceleration High voltage line fault Check HV line
Small operation mileage Spark plug fault Replace spark plug
Ignition coil
1. Measurement of primary coil resistance

Connect 3V power supply negative pole (-) terminal to
terminal 2 of power transistor. Then check conduction of
terminals 3 and 2 with terminal 1 connected and disconnected
to positive pole (+) terminal.
Terminals 1 and (+) Terminals 3 and 2
Connected Conduction (about 0.86Ώ)
Disconnected No conduction
In case of fault found, replace power transistor.
2. Measurement of secondary coil resistance

Measure resistance between ignition coil HV terminals.
Standard value: about 12.1KΩ
- 156 -
Dismantling and installation

1. Disconnect battery negative pole terminal.
2. Remove air bag module.
Warning:
SRS is designed such that within about 30s after
disconnecting batteries, there will be enough power to
expand air bag. Therefore, if SRS system maintenance is
carried out immediately after disconnecting batteries, air
bag may suddenly expand to seriously hurt people.
3. After loosening taper screw, lift and remove horn gasket.
4. Loosen lock nut and gasket.
5. Pull out damper from front, lift and remove the damper.
6. Install special tool (09562-11001) to remove steering wheel.
Caution:
Do not hammer steering wheel when removing it.
7. Remove upper and lower sheathes of steering column.
8. Remove lower cover.
- 157 -
9. Disconnect connector and remove multi-function switch.
10. Remove mounting bolts and separate ignition switch from steering column.
Inspection
1. Separate the connector under steering column.
2. Check conduction among switch terminals.
3. If conduction does not meet specification, replace the switch.
Terminal Door alarm switch and

Ignition switch Lock
key illumination
Position Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 RO RE
Pull out ○ ○ L L
Lock
L F
Accessories ○ ○ F F
Insert
On ○ ○ ○ ○ F F
Start ○ ○ ○ F F
Note
○—○ indicates conduction among terminals
RO: rotate locking bar
RE: return locking bar
L: lock Ignition switch
F: free
Door warning switch
Ignition switch Door warning switch
- 158 -
Prompt:
If engine does not rotate, check if driving axle shifting switch is at “Parking” or “Neutral”.
If “no rotation” only occurs at a certain shift position (not at other positions), the cause is mostly problem with
driving axle shifting switch.
Testing of spark plug Incorrect insulation Incorrect insulation

不正确的绝缘不正确的绝缘
1. Remove spark plug and connecting wire.

2. Ground spark plug external pole and start engine.
3. Check and confirm discharging among poles at this time.
正确的
Correct
Note: 不正确的绝缘
Incorrect insulation
To replace spark plug, use original manufacturer part.
Testing of spark plug wire
1. With engine idling, disconnect wire of a spark plug each time to check change of engine operation
performance.
Note:
Wear rubber gloves during operation.
2. If engine performance does not change, check resistance of spark plug and the spark plug proper.
3. Check for crack in cover and housing.
4. Measure resistance.
- 159 -
VIII. Circuit diagrams

Engine control system (gasoline engine 1)
Keep power on Keep power on

Ignition switch junction box
Refer to the power supply distribution
Engine
control
relay
Connect to the
ignition coil
Multifunction
inspection port
connection lug
Fuel
pump
motor
8 (without
theft-deterrent device)
22 (with theft-deterrent
device)
Control Engine Memory
Input of fuel relay Battery
power
pump control power
supply
- 160 -
Connect to the engine control relay
Connector
Crankshaft
Idle speed Camshaft Pulse
control position position solenoid
relay valve
sensor sensor
CMP CKP PCSV

Open close Ground
sensor sensor sensor
signal wire signal signal
- 161 -
Connector
Connect to ECM
Front
sensor ground oxygen
Rear
wire sensor
oxygen Sensor
Heater sensor
Heater
Sensor
Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel

1 2 3 4
Variohm
Leaded
gasoline Unleaded
gasoline
Signal Heating Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel

Heating Signal injector 2 injector 3 injector 4
input input injector 1
control control control control
Torque
control Engine RPM
- 162 -
Connect to the
engine control relay
Adjustable
resistance
Throttle Intake Air flow
position pressure sensor
sensor sensor
Air
temperature
sensor
Connect to
variohm
Water
temperature
sensor and
transmitter
Sensor Throttle Sensor MAP signal AFS signal

power position ground
supply sensor wire
input
- 163 -
Connect to the ignition switch
Connect to the spark plug Connect to the spark plug

Ignition Ignition Ignition
coil 1 coil 2 failure
sensor
Condenser
Ignition detecting signal

Ignition coil control Speed Instrument
Indicator
cluster
- 164 -
With current at the ON or START

shift
Fuse block
Refer to the fuse block in the passenger compartment
Instrument
cluster
Refer to the A/C control system

Multifunction diagnostic connector Vehicle speed sensor
(with theft-deterrent device)
(without theft-deterrent device)
8 (with theft-deterrent device)
22 (without theft-deterrent device)
A/C relay A/C signal A/C pressure Ignition timing Vehicle

Indicator control input switch input adjustment speed input
control
Generator
Power steering
Starting signal Ground wire Knock sensor signal switch input
Knock
sensor
Refer to the starting Charging system

system
Power steering
pressure
switch
- 165 -

Engine Control System (Hyundri)

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Engine Control System (Hyundri)

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Ruifeng Commercial Vehicle Maintennace Manual Hyundri Control System

Section III Engine Control System (Hyundri)

Fuel injection control

Idling speed control

Engine speed (rpm)

Other control functions

2. General specification of operating elements

Resistor 13-16Ω (20℃)

II. Common troubleshooting

1. Basic inspections of engine

Engine surging or poor

Incorrect fast idling

High idling speed

Poor idling speed

Main fault Engine stop Other Oil

Brake in action when pedal is 5

Communication with detection tool not possible

Check harness between data

Use another detection tool Abnormal Data connection connector or wire

Repair detection tool

Connection between detection tool and PCM failed

Engine not starting

Check starting system ● Ignition switch

Difficult starting of engine

Check fault code Diag. fault code Diagnosis fault code

Check for vacuum leakage ● Filter cover

Check ignition ● HV cable

(Continued on next page)

(Continued from last page)

Check ignition timing Diagnosis Diagnosis fault code

Check fuel supply to injectors ● Engine oil filling port cover

Check spark plug

Check MFI electric circuit ● Line connector

Poor idling or engine stop

Check diagnosis fault code Read diagnosis fault code

Check leakage of vacuum ● Engine oil filling port cover

Check air filter element Clean or replace

Check idling speed Adjust idling speed

Check spark plug

(Continued on next page)

(Continued from last page)

Check fuel pressure ● Fuel pump

Check injector Injection pump status

Check MFI electric circuit ● Wire connection

Engine surging or poor acceleration

Check clutch or brake Slipping clutch

Check air filter Clean or replace air filter

Check MAD meter Check diagnosis fault code

Check ignition; ● HV cable

Check ignition timing Adjust idling timing

Check fuel pressure ● Fuel pump

Check fuel injectors Fuel injection pump

(Continued on next page)

(Continued from last page)

Check spark plug Check cylinder pressure

Check MFI electric circuit ● Wire connection

4. Engine common troubleshooting

Fault characteristics Causes of fault Repair

III. Diagnosis of fuel injection control system

1. Engine fault indicator

MIL will indicate faults of the following items:

2. Fuel injection system self-diagnosis

fault code will be erased in case of the following two cases:

3. Reading and removal of fault codes